Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.T. Li Author-Workplace-Name: School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: X.L. Zhong Author-Workplace-Name: College of Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: F. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Q.G. Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Title: Effect of poultry litter and livestock manure on soil physical and biological indicators in a rice-wheat rotation system Abstract: Organic manure is considered as a beneficial fertilizer on soil quality and an excellent alternative resource of chemical fertilizer (CF). However, organic manure from intensive farms may have a negative impact on soil quality because of containing some harmful components, such as heavy metal and antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of poultry litter (PL) and livestock manure (LM) from intensive farming on soil physical and biological indicators of soil quality. Results showed that PL and LM amendment increased soil macropore and mesopore volumes and decreased soil micropore volumes. Tensile strength in PL and LM treatment were lower than those in CF, while soil aggregate wet stability index were greater than those in CF. Compared with CF treatment, the microbial biomass C and N contents (+89%, +74%), soil basal respiration rate (+49%) and soil microbial quotient (+45%) in PL and LM treatment were significantly greater. Significant linear correlations were found between soil organic carbon and most soil physical and biological properties (P < 0.01). The results suggested that modern intensive farm manures can be alternate chemical fertilizers as a main fertilizer to improve soil physical and biological indicators in a rice-wheat system. Keywords: intensive farm manures, chemical fertilizer, soil pore structure, soil aggregate stability, soil quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 351-356 Volume: 57 Issue: 8 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/233/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/233/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201108-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:8:id:233-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Spitzer Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Matušinský Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Klemová Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kazda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resource, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Management of sunflower stand height using growth regulators Abstract: Influence of growth regulators chlormequat chloride, ethephon, trinexapac-ethyl, and a combination of chlormequat chloride and ethephon on decreasing sunflower height was examined in the years 2006-2009. Height was reduced by as much as 63 cm by double application of chlormequat chloride (915 g/ha) + ethephon (465 g/ha) at early and later growth stage (BBCH 32 and 50). Trinexapac-ethyl (375 g/ha) did not affect the height. One-time application of chlormequat chloride (1440-2160 g/ha), chlormequat chloride (458 g/ha) + ethephon (233 g/ha) (BBCH 30 or 50), or ethephon (480 g/ha) (BBCH 30) was sufficient for a ca 30 cm reduction during flowering, but this effect did not last until harvest. With double application (BBCH 30 and 50), reduction lasted until harvest. For ethephon (480 g/ha), application at BBCH 50 reduced height by as much as 35 cm and lasted until harvest. Combining a lower rate of ethephon with ammonium sulfate was effectively equivalent to using a full rate. Flower head diameter at maturity showed no significant negative influence compared to the control. In 2008 and 2009, a delay in flowering onset was observed after applying growth regulators. Keywords: growth inhibition, chlormequat chloride, ethephon, trinexapac-ethyl Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 357-363 Volume: 57 Issue: 8 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/75/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/75/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201108-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:8:id:75-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y.B. Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Production Environment and Agro-product Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: G.H. Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Basic Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, P.R. China Author-Name: Q.X. Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria at Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China Author-Name: Y.M. Xu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Production Environment and Agro-product Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Production Environment and Agro-product Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, P.R. China Author-Name: X.F. Liang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Production Environment and Agro-product Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Production Environment and Agro-product Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Qing Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Production Environment and Agro-product Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, P.R. China Title: Induced-phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated soil irrigated by industrial wastewater with Marvel of Peru (Mirabilis jalapa L.) Abstract: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid (CA) on Mirabilis jalapa L. growth and phytoextraction of heavy metals from the multi-metal contaminated soil. The results showed that the application of CA (5 and 8 mmol/kg) and EDTA (5 mmol/kg) increased plant growth, while when the concentration of EDTA was up to 8 mmol/kg, the shoot biomass significantly decreased relative to the control plants (P < 0.05); it suffered 48.1%, 53.1%, 58.9%, and 78.2% reduction, respectively, compared to CK, CA-5, CA-8, and EDTA-5. EDTA was more effective than CA at increasing heavy metal uptake in aerial parts of the plants, the shoot concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn increased by 0.55, 3.08, 3.28, and 1.0-fold in the 8 mmol/kg EDTA-treated soils relative to the treatment of 8 mmol/kg CA. The maximum of Cd, Cu, and Pb phytoextraction and remediation factor (RF) were found with 5 mmol/kg EDTA treatment. For Zn, 8 mmol/kg EDTA was most efficient in increasing Zn accumulation in aboveground of M. jalapa. Keywords: enhaced-phytoextraction, heavy metal contamination, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), Mirabilis jalapa L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 364-371 Volume: 57 Issue: 8 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/148/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/148/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201108-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:8:id:148-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Trakal Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Komárek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Zemanová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Biochar application to metal-contaminated soil: Evaluating of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn sorption behavior using single- and multi-element sorption experiment Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) sorption behavior after biochar application into a metal-contaminated soil. Additionally, two different types of biochar originated from the same organic material (contaminated and uncontaminated) at different application rates (1% and 2% w/w) were evaluated as a novelty of the experiment. Batch sorption/desorption experiments were established to compare the sorption behavior of metals originating from single- and multi-element solutions. Zinc as one of the main contaminants in the studied soil was easily desorbed in the presence of Cu, Pb and to a lesser extent by Cd. This desorption was reduced after biochar application. The obtained results proved the different sorption behavior of metals in the single-metal solution compared to the multi-metal ones due to competition effect. Moreover, during multi-element sorption, Zn was significantly desorbed. The applied biochar enhanced Cu and Pb sorption and no changes were observed when contaminated and uncontaminated biochar was used. Furthermore, the application rate (1% and 2% w/w) had no effect as well. In summary, it is needed to point out that the applied rates of biochars were insufficient for metal immobilization in such contaminated soils. Keywords: biochar, metal retention, isotherms, contamination, soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 372-380 Volume: 57 Issue: 8 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/155/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/155/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201108-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:8:id:155-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Neuberg Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Žižková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Motyka Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Pavlík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Different types of N nutrition and their impact on endogenous cytokinin levels in Festulolium and Trifolium pratense Abstract: This study aims to reveal and to compare effects of two different systems of nitrogen (N) nutrition (sidedress application or injection application) on toxicity of NH4+ and mixed nutrition. We investigated whether NH4+ or mixed (NH4NO3) application causes significant changes in the endogenous levels of cytokinins (CK), whole plant N and their effects on yield of selected plants. Ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate were used as N source in the pot experiment. The yield of Festulolium and Trifolium pratense L. above-ground biomass and roots was more substantially enhanced after sidedress application of both ammonium sources in comparison with injection application. Our results confirmed that the accumulation of CKs in plants is in correlation with their N content (R2 = 0.66-0.98). Proportions between individual CK forms remained relatively steady and their dynamics exhibited similar trends after N application. Our results indicate that the negative effect of the application of NH4+ on the growth of Festulolium and clover plants could be effectively modulated by the presence of NO3-. Keywords: poaceae, fabaceae, N nutrition, injection application, Trans-zeatin, Dihydrozeatin, conjugates of cytokinins, nitrogen uptake Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 381-387 Volume: 57 Issue: 8 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/152/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/152/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201108-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:8:id:152-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Vácha Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Čechmánková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Skála Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hofman Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Nature Sciences, Recetox, Masaryk University Brno, Brno - Kamenice, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Čermák Author-Workplace-Name: Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Sáňka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Nature Sciences, Recetox, Masaryk University Brno, Brno - Kamenice, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Váchová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Use of dredged sediments on agricultural soils from viewpoint of potentially toxic substances Abstract: A set of 29 pond sediments samples was collected. The sediments were separated into three groups, field, village, and forest pond sediments. The sediment samples were taken from pond bottoms and sediment heaps. The sediment characteristics (pH, CEC, Al-exchangeable, Cox, humus substances), the content of potentially toxic elements and persistent organic pollutants were analysed in the sediments and compared between sediment groups. The comparison of sediment contamination with Czech legislation for sediment use in agriculture was conducted. The village sediments were more loaded by potentially toxic elements and persistent organic pollutants than the others. The pH value of sediments was considered as the properties regulating the retention of potentially toxic elements and their mobility (Al, Cd, Zn). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the most problematic POPs group in the sediments. The correlation showed poor dependency of POPs (especially PAHs) content on the content and quality of sediment organic matter. Keywords: dredged pond sediments, soil hygiene, risky elements, persistent organic pollutants Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 388-395 Volume: 57 Issue: 8 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/105/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/105/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201108-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:8:id:105-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Mihailovic Author-Workplace-Name: Institutefor the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia Author-Name: G. Drazic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty for Applied Ecology 'Futura', Belgrade, Serbia Title: Incomplete alleviation of nickel toxicity in bean by nitric oxide supplementation Abstract: The aim of the experiment was to test the capacity of NO to reverse harmfull effects of nickel on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings. Bean seedlings were grown on culture medium and treated with NO-donor - sodium nitroprusside (0.3 mmol/L) and Ni (0.2 mmol/L NiCl2). After 4 days, the parameters of antioxidative response were determined in roots and leaves, as well as the concentrations of essential cations and Ni. In the presence of Ni alone, soluble protein, proline and superoxide-dismutase activity were increased, while peroxidase and especially catalase activities were supressed. Also, Ni induced a depletion of K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn, while the contents of Cu and Fe in the roots were increased. In the presence of NO, Ni-induced stimulation of superoxide-dismutase activity, soluble protein and proline accumulations was decreased, while the inhibition of peroxidase and catalase activities was eliminated. Calcium and Zn concentrations were increased by Ni in NO-treated seedlings, suggesting specific activation of the uptake of these elements as part of the protective processes regulated by NO. However, NO had no effect on the impact of Ni on K, Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations. In conclusion, exogenous NO efficiently attenuates oxidative stress in bean, but does not prevent Ni-induced ion leakage. Keywords: antioxidative response, ion accumulation, Phaseolus vulgaris L., root, shoot Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 396-401 Volume: 57 Issue: 8 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/438/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/438/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201108-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:8:id:438-2010-PSE