Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z.B. Qiu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, P.R. China Author-Name: Q. Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.Z. Bi Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, P.R. China Author-Name: M. Yue Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China Title: Hydrogen peroxide acts as a signal molecule in CO2 laser pretreatment-induced osmotic tolerance in wheat seedling Abstract: The objective of this study was to test whether hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is involved in laser pretreatment-induced water tolerance in wheat seedlings due to its nature as a second messenger in stress responses. The results showed that 3 min laser pretreatment could enhance water tolerance in wheat seedlings by decreasing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), the production rate of superoxide radical (O2-), and increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) and the concentration of glutathione (GSH), and having a positive physiological effect on the growth of osmotic stress seedlings. But the promotive effect of laser pretreatment-induced water tolerance in wheat seedling was effectively reversed by addition of 2 mmol AsA (ascorbic acid) or 5 µmol DPI (diphenyle iodonium), but exogenous 100 U/mL CAT could not reversed laser pretreatment-induced protective effect on wheat seedlings under osmotic stress. The results suggest that H2O2 metabolism was involved as signal in the processes of laser-induced water acclimation and laser-induced protective effect was shown to be likely related to NADPH oxidase-dependent H2O2 production. Keywords: laser, osmotic stress, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative system Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 403-408 Volume: 57 Issue: 9 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/271/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/271/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201109-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:9:id:271-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.G. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, P.R. China Author-Name: H.S. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Y.R. Su Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: X.L. Kong Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, P.R. China Author-Name: W. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Shi Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Name: H.B. Liang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Name: G.M. Shen Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, P.R. China Title: Spatial variability and patterns of surface soil moisture in a field plot of karst area in southwest China Abstract: A field plot (100 m × 50 m) was chosen in a karst depression area of Huanjiang County, Guangxi Province of southwest China, with the aim of characterizing the variability and patterns of upper 15 cm soil moisture. Soil moisture content was measured at 5 m intervals by gravimetric method during dry and rainy seasons in 2005. Results indicated that the surface soil moisture presented a strong spatial dependence at the sampling times in the field scale. The variability of soil moisture by CV values and sill decreased with the increasing mean field soil moisture content either in dry or rainy season. In the dry season, mean soil moisture had a little influence on the sill owing to the previous tillage. But, in the rainy season, a heavy rain event could decrease the variability of soil moisture. The anisotropy characteristics were found that the variance was lower in 0° direction than that in 90° direction based on the northeast axis, and the range had opposite trend except for the sampling on March 15, 2005. The mosaic patterns of soil moisture exhibited the variability and its anisotropy visually. The rainfall (mean soil moisture), topography and micro-relief (rock outcrops) had important influence on the variability of soil moisture. To better understand the variability of soil moisture in the karst depression area, more soil samples should be required in the dry season and in a field with more rock outcrops. Keywords: geostatistics, anisotropy, mean soil moisture, rock outcrops, depression area, Karst Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 409-417 Volume: 57 Issue: 9 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/374/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/374/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201109-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:9:id:374-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.J. Gao Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, P.R. China Author-Name: H.Q. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P.R. China Title: Nitric oxide effect on root architecture development in Malus seedlings Abstract: The time-dependent production of nitric oxide (NO) in roots induced by indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on root architecture development were investigated, using Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings. Following IBA application, a very rapid increase in NO formation and a subsequent second wave of NO burst was observed, which was related to the induction of lateral roots (LRs) and the organogenesis of lateral root primordia (LRP), respectively. The first NO burst was correlated with the second and the two peaks of NO burst induced by IBA were totally abolished by 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin). Exogenous NO promoted the emergence and elongation of LR and inhibited the elongation of primary root (PR) in a dose-dependent manner: low concentrations of SNP promoted both the amounts and the elongation of LR but inhibited the elongation of LR and PR at higher concentrations. It was concluded that (i) the rapid production of NO induced by IBA was correlated with the IBA-induced initiation of LR; (ii) quercetin inhibition of IBA-induced LR formation was correlated with the quercetin inhibition of IBA-induced NO biosynthesis, and (iii) exogenous NO affects the development of root system architecture in a dose-dependent manner. Keywords: indole-3-butyric acid, quercetin, root, sodium nitroprusside Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 418-422 Volume: 57 Issue: 9 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/209/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/209/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201109-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:9:id:209-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Matyášová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Novák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Stránská Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Hejtmánková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Skalický Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hejtmánková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Hejnák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Production of morphine and variability of significant characters of Papaver somniferum L. Abstract: Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is currently an important agricultural commodity, with the product being used in the food industry (seed) as well as in the pharmaceutical industry (morphine and other alkaloids). Intensive production of poppy leads to a specific direction of breeding with the aim to obtain highly productive cultivars of the so-called food industry or industrial type. The paper evaluates 57 genetic resources (mostly cultivars), comparing the groups of values representing the indicators of production-significant morphologic and agricultural characters (capsule size; morphine content in poppy straw; weight of dry, empty capsule) and content of morphine in the poppy straw, in relation to the ideotype of poppy, which in these indicators represents 100% of the value. On average lower values in the above indicators were achieved by cultivars with white-coloured seed, including morphine content; concrete data are specified in three cultivars with morphine content in the poppy straw above 0.40%. In blue-seed to grey-seed cultivars, except for the high-morphine cultivar Buddha (1.85% of morphine), we found only six materials with a minimum morphine content of 0.8% in the poppy straw (maximum of 0.92%). These genetic resources also achieved very good values in the morphological indicator and average value in the economic indicator. The results will be used in the selection and classification of suitable genetic resources of poppy in breeding of industrial forms. Keywords: genetic resources, morphine content, economic and morphologic characters, poppy ideotype Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 423-428 Volume: 57 Issue: 9 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/222/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/222/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201109-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:9:id:222-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Zhong Author-Workplace-Name: Microelement Research Center of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: C. Hu Author-Workplace-Name: Microelement Research Center of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Q. Tan Author-Workplace-Name: Microelement Research Center of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Microelement Research Center of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Microelement Research Center of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China Title: Effects of sulfur application on sulfur and arsenic absorption by rapeseed in arsenic-contaminated soil Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of arsenic (As) and sulfur (S) interaction on yield and their accumulation and distribution in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). The results showed that (1) at the same level of S treatment, application of As significantly decreased rapeseed grain and biomass yield; (2) Application of S significantly increased the grain and biomass yield of rapeseed when As was applied; (3) When As application rate increased, As content significantly increased in different parts of rapeseed, and reached their highest level at120 mg/kg As. Arsenic content from seed were all below 1 mg/kg AS. Addition of S significantly reduced As contents in root and grain of rapeseed. Keywords: accumulation, distribution, seeds, thiols Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 429-434 Volume: 57 Issue: 9 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/224/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/224/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201109-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:9:id:224-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Pospišil Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Field Crops, Forage and Grasslands, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: M. Pospišil Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Field Crops, Forage and Grasslands, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: Z. Svečnjak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Field Crops, Forage and Grasslands, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: S. Matotan Author-Workplace-Name: Podravka d.d., Koprivnica, Croatia Title: Influence of crop management upon the agronomic traits of spelt (Triticum spelta L.) Abstract: Investigations were carried out at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture in Zagreb in the growing seasons 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 with the aim to determine the influence of seeding rate and fungicide treatment upon the yield and yield components of spelt (Triticum spelta L.). The trial included two spelt cultivars: Nirvana and Ostro, three seeding rates: 200, 300, and 400 germinated seeds/m2, and a fungicide treatment (tebuconazole). Cultivar Nirvana produced a significantly higher grain yield in both trial years, higher number of spikelets per spike, higher grain number and mass per spike. Cultivar Ostro had a significantly higher grain crude proteins content, higher 1000 grain weight, and also a higher number of sterile spikelets per spike. No significant effect of seeding rate on grain yield was determined while the fungicide treatment had a significant effect on grain yield only in the warmer year 2008/2009. Keywords: seeding rate, fungicide treatment, yield, yield components Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 435-440 Volume: 57 Issue: 9 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/121/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/121/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201109-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:9:id:121-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Rybka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Heřmánek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Honzík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Mašek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Vent Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of various implementations of hop strings during hop production Abstract: Hop purchasers impose still higher requirements on the quality of the final product, which is why hop granules have to be divested of all possible impurities. One of the places that are most at risk from the given point of view is the making of hop strings and the way they are attached to the hop-field supporting structure. Commonly used hop string attachments very often remain on the supporting structure after the harvest, spontaneously loosen in the following years, penetrate into the post-harvest processing stage of the technological procedure and negatively influence the output quality of the hops. The article summarizes the results of field experiments done during the pull-down of hop vines using a common hop string, but with various attachments with the aim of looking for the most suitable treatment which would exclude the risk of impurities penetrating from this stage of the technological procedure into the final product. The measurement carried out shows that so far the most advantageous treatment is hop string with simple attachment formed by twine 12 500. Breakage of hop strings occurred in 93% in twine, while with the rest of the vines only in wire. Keywords: hop, granule, impurity, growing, processing Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 441-446 Volume: 57 Issue: 9 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/5911-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5911-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201109-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:9:id:5911-PSE