Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Parkash Author-Workplace-Name: Rain Forest Research Institute, Autonomous Council of the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, Assam, India Author-Name: S. Sharma Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology and Microbiology Laboratory, Botany Department, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India Author-Name: A. Aggarwal Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology and Microbiology Laboratory, Botany Department, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India Title: Symbiotic and synergistic efficacy of endomycorrhizae with Dendrocalamus strictus L. Abstract: The present investigation was undertaken to find out efficient strains of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM fungi) alone or in combinations with Trichoderma viride for inoculation Dendrocalamus strictus L. seedlings. The inoculated seedlings showed good response having higher plant height, phosphorous ions content in root and shoot, AM spore number and root colonization than non-inoculated (control) seedlings in both single (alone) and co-inoculation (combined consortium) experiments. T. viride showed significant growth followed by Glomus mosseae, G. fasciculatum and mixed AM with single inoculation. In co-inoculation, the best growth responses were observed with G. fasciculatum + T. viride followed by G. mosseae + T. viride, mixed vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) + T. viride, G. mosseae + G. fasciculatum + T. viride + mixed VAM, G. mosseae + G. fasciculatum + T. viride and G. mosseae + G. fasciculatum after 120 days and also depicted maximum increase in phosphorus content of shoot and root when compared with other inoculated seedlings. However, all the inoculated seedlings showed significant increase in phosphorus content when compared with control seedlings. Keywords: Glomus mosseae, Trichoderma viride, bio-inoculation, synergistic response, phosphorus ions content, VAM fungi Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 447-452 Volume: 57 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/249/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/249/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201110-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:10:id:249-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.H. Abd-Alla Author-Workplace-Name: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt Title: Nodulation and nitrogen fixation in interspecies grafts of soybean and common bean is controlled by isoflavonoid signal molecules translocated from shoot Abstract: Identification of common signals of nodulation control among legume species will facilitate progress in enhancing symbiotic nitrogen fixation of legumes in sustainable agriculture system. Grafting experiments between soybean and common bean were carried out to evaluate whether a common shoot signals control the expression of hypernodulation among the tow species. Grafting of a hypernodulating soybean mutant NOD1-3 shoots to three cultivars of normally nodulating common bean roots resulted in hypernodulation on roots of three tested cultivars of common bean. The shoot control of hypernodulation may be causally related to differential root isoflavonoid levels, which are also controlled by shoot factors. Isoflavonoid analysis from root extracts of grafted plants showed that NOD1-3 shoots had markedly higher root isoflavonoid concentrations in roots of both NOD1-3 and common bean cv. Adzuki compared with self-grafts of common bean Adzuki. Exogenous application of daidzein, genistein, coumestrol, glycitein and in combination at concentration of 10 µmol to the nutrient solution significantly increased the nodule numbers of common bean cv. Adzuki. Therefore, the control of hypernodulation expression by isoflavonoid signal molecules translocated from shoot is common among legume species. Keywords: Bradyrhizobium japonicum, grafting, hypernodulation, isoflavonoids, N2 fixation, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 453-458 Volume: 57 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/379/2010-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/379/2010-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201110-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:10:id:379-2010-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Q.S. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Mycorrhizal efficacy of trifoliate orange seedlings on alleviating temperature stress Abstract: Citrus plants often suffer from temperature stress, which seriously inhibits tree growth and even results in tree death. The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Glomus mosseae on growth, root morphology, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and soluble protein content of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings at low (15°C), optimum (25°C) and high (35°C) temperatures. Sixty-eight days after temperature stresses, mycorrhizal colonization and number of both entry points and vesicles were significantly inhibited by low or high temperature. Mycorrhizal seedlings recorded significantly higher growth characteristics than non-mycorrhizal seedlings at both optimum and high temperatures, but the beneficial effects were almost lost at low temperature. Generally, mycorrhizal seedlings presented notably higher root traits (projected area, surface area, number of forks and volume) than non-mycorrhizal seedlings regardless of temperature levels. Mycorrhizal colonization significantly increased SOD and CAT activities and soluble protein content at high temperature, increased only SOD activity at optimum temperature, and decreased only soluble protein content at low temperature. It suggests that mycorrhizal alleviation of temperature stress in trifoliate orange seedlings was at high temperature, but the alleviation was obviously weakened at low temperature. Keywords: antioxidant enzyme, arbuscular mycorrhiza, root morphology, temperature stress, trifoliate orange Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 459-464 Volume: 57 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/59/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/59/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201110-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:10:id:59-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Farzaneh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran Author-Name: H. Vierheilig Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Workplace-Name: Departament of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, CSIC, Experimental Station of El Zaidin, Granada, Spain Author-Name: A. Lössl Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: H.P. Kaul Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Title: Arbuscular mycorrhiza enhances nutrient uptake in chickpea Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) colonize roots of host plants and promote plant growth due to improved uptake of nutrients. While the effects on P uptake are well known, the relevance of AMF for the uptake of other nutrients is less investigated. In the present paper we studied contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the legume chickpea in pot experiments during two seasons. Beside the control, the following treatment combinations: (i) the inoculation with the commercial AMF product 'Symbivit®'; (ii) soil sterilization before inoculation, and (iii) mineral nitrogen application. A moderate level of AMF colonization (18-55% of roots), enhanced the nutrient uptake of chickpea. With P, Mn, and in 2006 also with K, Cu, and Fe the nutrient concentrations were also elevated, even along with a simultaneous increase in plant biomass. Soil sterilization or fertilization with N showed no significant effect on nutrient uptake and biomass production. Keywords: AMF inoculation, nutrient concentration, nutrient acquisition, legume, soil sterilization Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 465-470 Volume: 57 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/133/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/133/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201110-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:10:id:133-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Shvaleva Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Technological Chemistry and Biology, New University of Lisbon, Av. República, Oeiras, Portugal Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomy, Technical University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal Author-Name: R. Lobo-do-Vale Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomy, Technical University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal Author-Name: C. Cruz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (CBA), Lisbon, Portugal Author-Name: S. Castaldi Author-Workplace-Name: Second University, Caserta, Italy Author-Name: A.P. Rosa Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (CBA), Lisbon, Portugal Author-Name: M.M. Chaves Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Technological Chemistry and Biology, New University of Lisbon, Av. República, Oeiras, Portugal Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomy, Technical University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal Author-Name: J.S. Pereira Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomy, Technical University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal Title: Soil-atmosphere greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) exchange in evergreen oak woodland in southern Portugal Abstract: A 10-20% decrease in annual precipitation is predicted in the Mediterranean basin, and in particular to the Iberian Peninsula, with foreseen effects on the exchange of soil-atmosphere greenhouse gases (GHGs; CO2, CH4, and N2O). To simulate this scenario, we setup an experimental design in the particularly dry period of 2008-2009 using rainfall exclusion and irrigation, to obtain plots receiving 110% (538 mm), 100% (493 mm) and 74% (365 mm) of the natural precipitation. Soil CO2 fluxes showed a strong increase from summer to autumn as a consequence of increasing soil heterotrophic respiration that resulted from rewetting. Fluxes of N2O were negligible. According to our data, soil was a permanent CH4 sink independent of the soil water content (in the range between 6-26% WFPS - water-filled pore space) and of soil temperature (in the range of 7-28°C), supporting the concept that seasonally dry ecosystems (Mediterranean) may represent a significant sink of atmospheric CH4. The study provides evidence that the 26% decrease or 10% increase in the ambient rainfall from annual precipitation of ca 500 mm did not significantly affect soil functionality and had a limited impact on soil-atmosphere net GHGs exchange in evergreen oak woodlands in southern Portugal. Keywords: climate change, drought, Mediterranean, precipitation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 471-477 Volume: 57 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/223/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/223/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201110-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:10:id:223-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Hamouz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Pazderů Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Tomášek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hejtmánková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Pivec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Differences in anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of potato tubers with different flesh colour Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine that the total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) in potato flesh with different colours grown in the Czech Republic. Four yellow- or white-, six purple- and four red-fleshed varieties were grown in 2009 at two different sites (Valečov - highland, seed potato area at 460 m a.s.l., Přerov nad Labem - lowland, new potatoes area at 178 m a.s.l.) in precise field trials. For purple- and red-fleshed varieties, average TAC values ranged from 61.5 to 573.5 cyanidin mg/kg of FM and significant effect of the variety of the TAC was found. High content reached the Violette and Vitelotte varieties with dark purple flesh, and the lowest content the Blue Congo variety with light purple marbled flesh. Significantly higher TAC was found in a lowland area Přerov nad Labem, which is probably related to drought stress. The lowest AOA was achieved by a group of varieties with yellow or white flesh - averaging 82.8 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/kg FM, in a group of red-fleshed varieties it was higher 4.34 times and in a group of purple-fleshed varieties even 5.03 times higher. Also between purple-and red-fleshed varieties significant differences in AOA were found, both high and low values of AOA showed the same varieties as in the case of the TAC. Among experimental sites higher AOA was also demonstrated at Přerov nad Labem. Correlation analysis showed a strong correlation between AOA and TAC (r = 0.8099). Keywords: potato variety, yellow, purple and red flesh, locality, pigments Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 478-485 Volume: 57 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/265/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/265/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201110-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:10:id:265-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Sedláková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Potato Protection, Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Ltd., Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetic and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Dejmalová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Potato Protection, Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Ltd., Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Hausvater Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Potato Protection, Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Ltd., Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Sedlák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetic and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Doležal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Potato Protection, Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Ltd., Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Mazáková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of Phytophthora infestans on potato yield in dependence on variety characteristics and fungicide control Abstract: The epidemiology of potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) was observed over the three-years with 110 potato varieties from various maturity groups treated or not treated with fungicides. The determined severity values were transformed into AUDPC coefficients characterizing rate of disease spreading across the crop in connection with varietal characteristics, fungicide application and year effects. The analysis of the pathogen population for the distribution of races virulent to usually used resistance genes indicated non-efficiency of these genes; resistance could only be increased by breeding for polygenically determined horizontal resistance. There were important yearly variations observed for the epidemiology of P. infestans. A correlation was detected between increasing AUDPC value and yield reduction in both fungicide treated and non-treated variants. AUDPC value of the treated variant is to a certain extent positively correlated with the value of the non-treated variant. However, particular interaction between potato genotype and applied fungicide program was shown, which could positively or negatively affect disease course in dependence on the variety. Keywords: potato late blight, potato varieties, fungicide protection, area under the disease progress curve Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 486-491 Volume: 57 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/289/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/289/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201110-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:57:y:2011:i:10:id:289-2011-PSE