Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D.R. Chaudhary Author-Workplace-Name: School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA Author-Workplace-Name: Discipline of Wasteland Research, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Gujarat, India Author-Name: J. Saxena Author-Workplace-Name: School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA Author-Name: N. Lorenz Author-Workplace-Name: School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA Author-Name: R.P. Dick Author-Workplace-Name: School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA Title: Distribution of recently fixed photosynthate in a switchgrass plant-soil system Abstract: The use of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) as an energy crop has gained great importance in past two decades due to its high biomass yields on marginal lands with low agricultural inputs and low maintenance requirements. Information on the allocation of photosynthetically fixed C in the switchgrass-soil system is important to understand the C flow and to quantify the sequestration of C in soils. The allocation of 13C labeled photosynthates in shoot, root, soil, and in microbial biomass carbon (MBC) of rhizosphere and bulk soil of 45 days old, greenhouse grown-switchgrass was examined during 20 days 13C-CO2 pulse labeling period. The total 13C recovered in the plant-soil system varied from 79% after 1 day to 42% after 20 days of labeling. After labeling, 54%, 40%, and 6% excess 13C resided in shoot, root and soil, respectively on day 1; 27%, 61% and 11%, respectively on day 5 and 20%, 63% and 17%, respectively day 20 after labeling. The maximum incorporation of 13C from roots into the MB of rhizosphere soil occurred within the first 24 h of labeling. The excess 13C values of rhizosphere soil and rhizosphere MBC were significantly higher than excess 13C values of bulk soil and the bulk soil MBC, respectively. The proportion of excess 13C in soil as MBC declined from 92 to 15% in rhizosphere soil and from 79 to 18% in bulk soil, for 1 day and 20 days after labeling, respectively. The present study showed the effectiveness of 13C labeling to examine the fate of recently photosynthesized C in soil-plant (switchgrass) system and dynamics of MBC. Keywords: Panicum virgatum L., 13C pulse labeling, microbial biomass, rhizodeposition, carbon allocation, C sequestration Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 249-255 Volume: 58 Issue: 6 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/532/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/532/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201206-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:6:id:532-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Castellanos-Morales Author-Workplace-Name: Corporativo de Desarrollo Sustentable (COSUSTENTA), Circuito Parque Industrial Author-Name: R. Cárdenas-Navarro Author-Workplace-Name: 52, Colonia Ciudad Industrial, Morelia Michoacán, México 2Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IIAF), Carretera Morelia-inápecuaro, Tarimbaro Michoacán, México Author-Name: J.M. García-Garrido Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, Granada, Spain Author-Name: A. Illana Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, Granada, Spain Author-Name: J.A. Ocampo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, Granada, Spain Author-Name: S. Steinkellner Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Protection (DCS), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: H. Vierheilig Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, Granada, Spain Title: Bioprotection against Gaeumannomyces graminis in barley a comparison between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Abstract: Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici causes take-all disease, the most important root disease of cereal plants. Cereal plants are able to form a symbiotic association with soil-borne arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which can provide bioprotection against soil-borne fungal pathogens. However, the bioprotective effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi against soil-borne fungal pathogens might vary. In the present study we tested the systemic bioprotective effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices and Gigaspora rosea against the soil-borne fungal pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in a barley split-root system. Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae and Gigaspora rosea colonized the split-root system of barley plants at different levels; however, all arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi clearly reduced the level of root lesions due to the pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis. Our data indicate that some arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi need high root colonization rates to protect plants against fungal pathogens, whereas others act already at low root colonization rates. Keywords: soil-borne fungi, take-all diseases, Gigaspora rosea, Glomus sp, Hordeum vulgare Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 256-261 Volume: 58 Issue: 6 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/622/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/622/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201206-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:6:id:622-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Ding Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Zhu Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Li Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: R. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: G. Lu Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Qi Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China Title: Rhizosphere bacteria induced by aluminum-tolerant and aluminum-sensitive soybeans in acid soil Abstract: Rhizosphere microbial communities play a major role in multiple soil functions. The aim of this study is to assess the relation of bacteria and organic acids in rhizosphere soil and community function induced by soybean genotypes, BX10 [aluminum (Al)-tolerant soybean] and BD2 (Al-sensitive soybean). Organic acid analysis in the rhizosphere soil indicates that BX10 increased the concentration of citric acid, whereas BD2 decreased it; malic acid was only found in the rhizosphere soil of BX10. Redundancy analysis results also showed that the two soybean genotypes induced distinct rhizosphere microbial communities, and citric acid and malic acid had a significantly positive correlation with rhizosphere bacteria of BX10. The community level physiological profiling showed that BX10 might have more influence than BD2 on the ability to metabolize organic C substrates. Sequence analysis indicates that two soybeans stimulate some rhizobacteria, such as species of Acinetobacter, Candidatus Amoebinatus, and uncultured proteobacterium. This study revealed that rhizobacteria of two soybeans may be related to their organic acid exudation. Keywords: Al toxicity, biolog, organic acid Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 262-267 Volume: 58 Issue: 6 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/652/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/652/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201206-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:6:id:652-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Stagnari Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomy and Crop Sciences Research and Education Center, Department of Food Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy Author-Name: M. Pisante Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomy and Crop Sciences Research and Education Center, Department of Food Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy Title: Slow release and conventional N fertilizers for nutrition of bell pepper Abstract: Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) high-quality and yield implies the management of N nutrition. Field and pot experiments with bell pepper and Italian ryegrass were carried out during 2009 and 2010. The experimental design included three N delaying fertilizers (Sulfammo Meta 46-5-0, controlled-release fertilizer; Nitrophoska Gold 15-9-15, slow-release fertilizer; Entec 26 26-0-0, stabilized fertilizer), two conventional N fertilizers, urea and calcium nitrate and one N-unfertilized control. The fertilizer's rate was 150 kg N/ha. A pot experiment with bell pepper followed by ryegrass with the same fertilizers treatments was carried out in 2009. Dry matter (DM) yield, plant N concentration, plant N recovery and fruit mineral concentration were measured. Calcium nitrate and urea produced statistically higher DM in both field and pots. Sulfammo Meta produced always lower yields. In the field plants recovered a minimum of 18% and a maximum of 82% of the N applied, respectively, in Sulfammo Meta and calcium nitrate. In the pot experiment, bell pepper + ryegrass recovered only 32.5% of N applied with Sulfammo Meta and nearly 100% of N applied in the other fertilized pots. None of the slow-release N materials provided clear advantages over conventional fertilizers to be used in this crop. Keywords: slow-release fertilizers, controlled-release fertilizers, stabilized fertilizers, urea, calcium nitrate Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 268-274 Volume: 58 Issue: 6 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/686/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/686/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201206-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:6:id:686-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Talgre Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Field Crop and Grassland Husbandry, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Author-Name: E. Lauringson Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Field Crop and Grassland Husbandry, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Author-Name: H. Roostalu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Author-Name: A. Astover Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Author-Name: A. Makke Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Field Crop and Grassland Husbandry, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Title: Green manure as a nutrient source for succeeding crops Abstract: The trials were carried out in the Estonian University of Life Sciences (58°23'N, 26°44'E), and studied to what extent green manure crops bind nutrients and the effect and stability of biologically fixed nitrogen (N). Our research covered more species than most of the earlier studies in the Nordic countries. Compared with biomass from unfertilized barley, legume undersowing, straws plus roots added up to 4 times more N, 2.8 times more phosphorus (P) and 2.5 times more potassium (K) returning to the soil. Red clover, hybrid lucerne and white melilot as pure sows produced the highest biomass, amounts of N, P, and K being up to 206, 24 and 144 kg/ha, respectively. The effect of additional N in soil was measured by weighing successive grain yields. In the first test year, 1 kg of N from green manure had the effect of producing 8.6 kg grain and this relation did not change even for higher N amounts. Green manure had a significant effect even in the third year after the green manure was ploughed into soil. Keywords: biomass, biologically fixed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, grain yield Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 275-281 Volume: 58 Issue: 6 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/22/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/22/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201206-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:6:id:22-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Hofman Author-Workplace-Name: Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Trávníčková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Anděl Author-Workplace-Name: Evernia, Ltd., Liberec, Czech Republic Title: Road salts effects on soil chemical and microbial properties at grassland and forest site in protected natural areas Abstract: Road salting is used as a dominant way to keep road safety in winter, even in the protected natural areas. In our study, possible effects of winter road salting on soil microorganisms in close road vicinity were investigated. Soil chemical and microbial properties were monitored at a forest site in the Krkonoše Mountains national park and at a grassland site in the Kokořínsko protected landscape area (both located in the Czech Republic) in two sampling campaigns (autumn and spring). Effects of road salting on soil chemical properties (Na+ and Cl- levels, pH, base saturation etc.) were clearly apparent at both sites. The most affected plots were 1 and 5 m from the road (increased pH, base saturation, and Na+ accumulation). At these plots, changes of microbial parameters were observed in both autumn and spring sampling, which suggested influence of salts. Increased value of metabolic quotient (qCO2) indicated stress and potential ammonification was inhibited even 5 m from the road at the forest site. Hence, possible influence on soil biological quality should be considered when assessing the ecological risks of this kind of road treatment, especially in natural protected areas. Keywords: soil microbial biomass, soil respiration, ammonification, road salting, soil chemistry Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 282-288 Volume: 58 Issue: 6 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5994-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5994-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201206-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:6:id:5994-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Hakl Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forage Crops and Grassland Management, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Fuksa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forage Crops and Grassland Management, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Habart Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Šantrůček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forage Crops and Grassland Management, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The biogas production from lucerne biomass in relation to term of harvest Abstract: The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of delayed cut of lucerne on a biogas production in contrast to bud stage used for livestock feed. In 2009-2010, the dry matter (DM) yield, forage quality, substrate biogas yield (SBY, L/kg DM), and area biogas yield (ABY, m3/ha) was assessed in the first and second cut in late bud and late bloom stage. Results show that ABY from lucerne could be significantly increased by change in harvest management towards to delayed cuts. The average increases of DM yield in late bloom stage achieved approximately 50 and 35% in the first and second cut, respectively, whilst the maximal significant decrease of SBY in bloom stage ranged from 25 to 30% in comparison with bud stage. This effect of strong SBY decrease was not consistent across years and was related to crude protein content in forage. Lucerne probably would not play a dominant role in biogas production but its growing could be a suitable supplement for field biogas production due to lucerne non-productive function. Keywords: forage, alfalfa, bio energy, nitrogen Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 289-294 Volume: 58 Issue: 6 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/98/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/98/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201206-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:6:id:98-2012-PSE