Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: N. Pan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Shihezi University, Author-Name: W. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: W. Jiao Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: M. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Effect of veterinary oxytetracycline on functional diversity of soil microbial community Abstract: Effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the functional diversity of soil microbial community with or without vegetation were analyzed in a 7-week greenhouse pot experiment by use of Biolog-Eco plate. Results showed that along with the increase of OTC, average well color development (AWCD) values increased with the peak at 200 ppm OTC, and the utilization of sugar and its derivatives enhanced. The Shannon diversity and the evenness under different OTC levels followed a general order of red amaranth treatments > white clover treatments > no vegetation. The OTC treatments can be distinguished by two principle components. Our findings suggested that OTC addition stimulated soil microbial activities and vegetation changed carbon source utilization pattern at a certain content. Keywords: veterinary antibiotic, soil microbe, community-level physiological profiling, metabolic fingerprint Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 295-301 Volume: 58 Issue: 7 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/430/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/430/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201207-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:7:id:430-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Citrus Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Author-Name: J.J. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: B. Shu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: R.X. Xia Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, P.R. China Title: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with citrus orchards under different types of soil management, southern China Abstract: Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were studied in sod culture (SC), straw mulching (NM), and herbicide treated and no-tillage (NH) citrus orchards, respectively. The highest total colonization rate (39.47%) and hyphal length density (1.15 m/g soil) were found in SC, the highest spore numbers (1024 spores/100 g soil) in NM, while the lowest ones (31.50%, 0.94 m/g soil and 719 spores/100 g soil) in NH and they varied significantly among three different types of orchards. Total 18 AMF species belonging to five families, Acaulosporaceae (four species), Claroideoglomeraceae (two species), Gigasporaceae (one species), Glomeraceae (nine species) and Pacisporaceae (two species) were identified, and Glomus aggregatum and Claroideoglomus etunicatum were the dominant species in all surveyed plots. The redundancy analysis showed that AMF community structure was influenced greatly by pH, soil management, soil organic matter (Cox) and available phosphorus (POlsen). In SC orchards, species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of AMF were notably higher than in other treated orchards. So, it is reasonable to select SC as the best practice in citrus orchard in order to enhance AMF benefits. Keywords: AMF diversity, colonization, spore density, hyphal length density, Satsuma mandarin Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 302-308 Volume: 58 Issue: 7 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/676/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/676/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201207-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:7:id:676-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Nounjan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand Author-Name: P. Theerakulpisut Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand Title: Effects of exogenous proline and trehalose on physiological responses in rice seedlings during salt-stress and after recovery Abstract: Two osmoprotectants (proline - Pro; trehalose - Tre) were exogenously supplied to seedlings of rice cvs. Pokkali (PK - salt-tolerant) and Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105 - salt-sensitive) to investigate their effects on plants exposed to 200 mmol/L NaCl for 6 days and 5 days after recovery from stress. The reduction of growth, increase in Na+ to K+ ratio, high level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase - SOD, peroxidase - POX, catalase - CAT and ascorbate peroxidase - APX) were observed in both rice cultivars under NaCl treatments. Exogenous Pro and Tre supplement to NaCl-stressed plants did not mitigate the reduction of growth during salt-stress. Nevertheless, during recovery plants previously supplied with Tre showed markedly higher percentage of growth recovery than those treated with NaCl alone or supplied with Pro. The beneficial effect of Tre on growth recovery was clearly demonstrated in KDML105 in which growth enhancement was related to reduction in Na+ to K+ ratio. Exogenous Pro was able to reduce H2O2 in both cultivars during salt stress whereas Tre could reduce it only in KDML105. Exogenous Tre did not enhance any antioxidant enzymes during stress but enhanced APX activity in KDML105 during recovery. Exogenous Pro enhanced the activity of APX in PK, and POX, CAT and APX in KDML105 during both stress and recovery period. Keywords: antioxidant enzymes, hydrogen peroxide, osmoprotectants, rice, salinity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 309-315 Volume: 58 Issue: 7 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/762/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/762/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201207-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:7:id:762-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Förster Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Author-Name: G. Welp Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Soil Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Author-Name: H.W. Scherer Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Title: Sulfur specification in bulk soil as influenced by long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers Abstract: A field experiment established in 1962 on a luvisol derived from loess was chosen to investigate the effect of long-term application of farmyard manure, compost and sewage sludge, respectively, in two increments on inorganic and organic S fractions in bulk soil. Compared with mineral fertilizer, the high application rates of the different organic fertilizers (10 t farmyard manure (FYM2), 29 t compost (COM2), 7.44 t sewage sludge (SS2)/ha/year, respectively), resulted in an increase of the total S content in the bulk soil: 220 mg/kg (FYM2), 298 mg/kg (COM2), 277 mg/kg soil (SS2) as compared to the control (MIN) with 158 mg/kg soil. The sum of water soluble plus adsorbed S was significantly higher in the treatments with the high amount of compost (17.9 mg/kg soil) and sewage sludge (16.4 mg/kg) soil as compared to all the other treatments (10.0 to 13.1 mg/kg soil). The treatments with the high amounts of organic manures contained lower contents of ester sulfate and higher contents of C-bonded S as compared to the treatments with the low amounts, and vice versa. Keywords: S binding forms, organic S, inorganic S, organic manure Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 316-321 Volume: 58 Issue: 7 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/32/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201207-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:7:id:32-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Milošević Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruit Growing and Viticulture, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cacak, Serbia Author-Name: N. Milošević Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pomology and Fruit Breeding, Fruit Research Institute, Cacak, Serbia Author-Name: I. Glišić Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruit Growing and Viticulture, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cacak, Serbia Author-Name: J. Mladenović Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruit Growing and Viticulture, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cacak, Serbia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cacak, Serbia Title: Fruit quality attributes of blackberry grown under limited environmental conditions Abstract: Fruit quality attributes were studied for two consecutive years in seven blackberry cultivars grown in a Serbian climate and on acidic soil. Physical parameters [berry weight (BW), size and shape] and chemical parameters [soluble solids content (SSC), acidity, total phenolic (TPH) and flavonoid content (TFC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] were evaluated. A high variability was found in the set of the evaluated blackberry cultivars and significant differences were found among them in all studied quality attributes. Year-by-year variations were observed for all quality traits, except berry length (L) and berry shape index (BSI). A high correlation was found among TPH and TAC. In addition, most of cultivars had good adaptation capability and respectable fruit quality attributes, and also had good potential as a commercial crop for fresh and processing markets and future breeding programs. Keywords: acidic soil, antioxidant capacity, berry size, Rubus fruticosus L., soluble solids content Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 322-327 Volume: 58 Issue: 7 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/33/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/33/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201207-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:7:id:33-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.R. Hosseinpur Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Author-Name: H.R. Motaghian Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Author-Name: M.H. Salehi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Title: Potassium release kinetics and its correlation with pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plant indices Abstract: The rate of potassium (K) release from soils is a dynamic process, and it is important to the evaluation of soil K availability to plant. The objectives of this study were to determine K release characteristics and the correlation of these parameters with bean plant indices in surface soils of 15 calcareous soils. The kinetics of K release was determined by successive extraction with 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 in a period of 2-2017 h at 25 ± 1°C. The results showed that the cumulative K‏ release ranged from 111 to 411 mg/kg. A plot of cumulative amount of K released showed a discontinuity in slope at 168 h. Thus, two equations were applied to segments of the total reaction time (2 to 168 and 168 to 2017 h). The amounts of K released during 2-168 and 168-2017 h ranged from 55 to 299 and 44 to 119 mg/kg, respectively. Release kinetics of K conformed fairly well to parabolic diffusion, simplified Elovich and power function models in two segments. Potassium released after 2-168 and 168-2017 h and K release rate constants were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with bean plant indices, while correlation between K extracted by using 1 mol/L NH4OAc (ammonium acetate) and plant indices was not significant. The results of this research showed that information obtained from K release studies in laboratory and kinetics equation parameters can help to estimate the K supplying power of soils. Keywords: parabolic diffusion, calcareous soils, kinetics equations, successive extraction Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 328-333 Volume: 58 Issue: 7 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/70/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/70/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201207-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:7:id:70-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Breitsameter Author-Workplace-Name: Grassland Science, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Author-Name: K. Küchenmeister Author-Workplace-Name: Grassland Science, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Author-Name: F. Küchenmeister Author-Workplace-Name: Grassland Science, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Author-Name: J. Isselstein Author-Workplace-Name: Grassland Science, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Title: Tolerance to mechanical damage in ten herbaceous grassland plant species Abstract: The establishment of plants with high damage tolerance may provide a means for soil protection on sites exposed to strong disturbance. In a pot experiment, we investigated the tolerance to mechanical strain of ten grassland plant species representing three growth form groups (cespitose: Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Taraxacum officinale; rhizomatous: Achillea millefolium, Elymus repens, Poa pratensis; stoloniferous: Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra rubra, Poa supina, Trifolium repens). We hypothesised that growth form and pre-disturbance biomass allocation to the root serve as predictors of damage tolerance. With a tool imitating the action of cleated football boots or scratching chicken, we applied three standardized levels (moderate, medium, strong) of a torsional force which exceeded the shear strength of the sward and impacted on shoots and roots. Post-treatment shoot biomass in relation to shoot biomass of the non-treated control plants served as a measure of damage tolerance. Species, but not growth form groups, differed significantly in damage tolerance, with F. arundinacea and P. pratensis showing the best performance. Shoot re-growth was strongly correlated with relative post-treatment root biomass across all species and treatment levels (R2 = 0.25, P < 0.001), but not with pre-treatment root biomass. We conclude that root resistance to mechanical damage is the prevalent determinant of tolerance to disturbance. Keywords: Festuca arundinacea, physical disturbance, Poa pratensis, re-growth, root Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 334-339 Volume: 58 Issue: 7 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/242/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/242/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201207-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:7:id:242-2012-PSE