Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Konvalina Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Plant Biotechnologies, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Capouchová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Stehno Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Agronomically important traits of emmer wheat Abstract: Particular agronomic traits of six landraces of Triticum diccocum Schrank (Schuebl) were studied during three years in Prague and České Budějovice localities, Czech Republic. The analysis of tolerance to drought by using the method of 13C discrimination (CID) was also focused on in the research. All the tested varieties were resistant to usual wheat diseases. An inclination of particular varieties to lodging and a low harvest index rate (0.33) were negative factors having a significant effect on the yield rate. Meanwhile, all the varieties contained a high percentage of proteins in grain (17.92%) which was an important advantage in low input conditions. The landraces of emmer wheat also proved to be more tolerant to drought (CID = 25.82‰) than check varieties of bread wheat (CID = 26.70‰). Results of the research showed that some of the emmer landraces may be successfully grown and used directly in low-input farming systems or in breeding programs focused on the breeding of suitable varieties for low-input farming. Keywords: agronomic traits, drought tolerance, emmer, grain quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 341-346 Volume: 58 Issue: 8 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/174/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/174/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201208-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:8:id:174-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Musilová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Z. Kotíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hejtmánková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Orsák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Přibyl Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Spring, einkorn and emmer wheat species - potential rich sources of free ferulic acid and other phenolic compounds Abstract: Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L., subsp. monococcum), emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schuebl [Schrank], subsp. dicoccum) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) may be rich in hydrophilic antioxidants, therefore being a potential food source with high nutritional properties. The aim of the present study was to assess the content of free ferulic acid (FFA) and total polyphenols (TP) beneficial for human health in wheat varieties and accessions for breeding and production. Einkorn, emmer and spring wheat varieties were assessed for TP and FFA contents in the precise two-year field experiments. The highest FFA content was determined in emmer wheat varieties and spring cv. Granny. High TP content was characteristic for emmer and spring wheat accessions, however also some einkorn ones were characterised by high levels. Year of cultivation showed a significant impact on FFA contents. Keywords: diploid and tetraploid ancestor wheats, spring hexaploid wheat, hydrophilic antioxidants Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 347-353 Volume: 58 Issue: 8 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/289/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/289/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201208-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:8:id:289-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Šárka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Kruliš Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kotek Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Růžek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Voříšek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Koláček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hrušková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Růžková Author-Workplace-Name: Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Ekrt Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physics and Measurements, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Composites containing acetylated wheat B-starch for agriculture applications Abstract: Native and acetylated B-starch was used in biodegradable films after blending with either poly-(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). The following mechanical characteristics of prepared films were derived from the stress-strain curves: Young modulus, yield stress, stress-at-break and strain-at-break. Acetylation of starch molecules in the composites reduced the degradation rate in compost. Optical microscopy, combined with the image analysis system NIS-Elements completed with extended depth of focus (EDF) module, was used to study the PCL/starch and EVA/starch films surface morphology during composting. Parameters of the compost used for film exposition were measured. Keywords: biodegradable plastic, polycaprolactone, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, image analysis, green waste compost Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 354-359 Volume: 58 Issue: 8 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/287/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/287/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201208-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:8:id:287-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C.S.L. Vicente Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, University of Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain Author-Name: M.A. Pérez-Fernández Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, University of Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain Author-Name: G. Pereira Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Biological Resources, L-INIA-Elvas, Elvas, Portugal Author-Name: M.M. Tavares-de-Sousa Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Biological Resources, L-INIA-Elvas, Elvas, Portugal Title: Biological nitrogen fixation of Biserrula pelecinus L. under water deficit Abstract: The present work studied the effects of water deficiency conditions on the biological nitrogen fixation of three native rhizobia (SafPt12, SafPt6, and AjuPt16) isolated from Biserrula pelecinus L., and a reference strain Mesorhizobium ciceri biovar biserrulae. In terms of plant-water status, B. pelecinus showed typical signs of drought avoidance strategies such as reducing the aboveground development (i.e. reduction in leaf surface area and increase in root/shoot ratio) in detriment of a better developed root system. Dry-matter production and nitrogen content of the aboveground biomass decreased with the increasing levels of drought stress, as well as nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, for all the tested isolates. The parameters investigated suggested that SafPt12 was the most successful native rhizobia to withstand severe water conditions without compromising nitrogen fixation demands. Keywords: drought, Mesorhizobium, 15N natural abundance, stress Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 360-366 Volume: 58 Issue: 8 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/786/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/786/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201208-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:8:id:786-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Neuberg Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Žižková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Motyka Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Pavlík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Interactions between nitrogen nutrition and phytohormone levels in Festulolium plants Abstract: This study aims to reveal and to compare effect of two various systems of nitrogen nutrition, namely injection and sidedress application, on the levels of NO3- and phytohormones (cytokinins, abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)) in Festulolium plants. Calcium nitrate (CN) or ammonium sulphate (AS) were used as N source in the pot experiment. The yield of Festulolium above and below ground biomass was more substantially enhanced after sidedress application of both AS or CN in comparison with injection application. The levels of endogenous cytokinins peaked 5 days after application regardless the form of N source and the method of application. The increased concentration of endogenous cytokinins as well as the enhanced content of selected free amino acid suggest that N applied sidedress can maintain better distribution patterns of nutrients and provide improved conditions for growth and nitrogen uptake. The nitrogen application affected ABA concentrations on all tested treatments. The correlation between NO3- and ABA concentrations ranged from 0.77 to 0.89. A significant IAA increase was recorded in plants after ammonium nitrogen sidedress application and it was confirmed that applications of nitrate reduced IAA concentration (correlation between NO3- and IAA for AS treatment R2 = 0.77-0.94). Keywords: abscisic acid, amino acid, CULTAN, cytokinin, indole-3-acetic acid, Poaceae Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 367-372 Volume: 58 Issue: 8 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/367/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/367/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201208-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:8:id:367-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: X.Q. Fu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, P.R. China Author-Name: W.J. Su Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, P.R. China Author-Name: J.L. Shen Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, P.R. China Author-Name: R.L. Xiao Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, P.R. China Author-Name: C.L. Tong Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, P.R. China Title: Annual dynamics of N2O emissions from a tea field in southern subtropical China Abstract: The annual dynamics of N2O emissions from a tea field in southern subtropical China was observed in situ weekly in 2010 using a static closed chamber - gas chromatography (GC) method for three treatments: non-fertilised (CK), conventional (CON) and rice straw mulching (SM). The annual N2O emissions for CK, CON and SM were 7.1, 17.2 and 16.7 kg N/ha/year, respectively. The N2O emission factors for the CON and SM treatments were estimated as 2.23% and 1.91% of the total fertiliser N applied, respectively. Rice straw mulching exhibited a potential to reduce the N2O emissions from the tea field, but not statistically significant (P = 0.82). The daily N2O fluxes were positively correlated with the air temperature. The cumulative precipitation of the previous five days was significantly correlated with the daily N2O fluxes of CON. The soil water contents were significantly correlated with the daily N2O fluxes in the three treatments. The N2O fluxes from CON had a more significant correlation with the soil NH4+-N contents than with the soil NO3--N contents, while the N2O fluxes from SM showed an inverse pattern. The N2O fluxes from CK did not show any significant relationship with the soil mineral N content. Keywords: fertilised tea field, nitrous oxide, straw mulching, environmental factors Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 373-378 Volume: 58 Issue: 8 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/719/2011-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/719/2011-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201208-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:8:id:719-2011-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Modlingerová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Sysalová Author-Workplace-Name: Central Laboratories, Laboratory of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of intensive traffic on soil and vegetation risk element contents as affected by the distance from a highway Abstract: The potential effect of intensive traffic on detrimental element contents in soil and vegetation was investigated in the vicinity of a selected section (1 km) of a highly frequented highway as affected by the distance from the roadway (1 m, 35 m, and 70 m). Aqua regia and 0.11 mol/L acetic acid soluble contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soils and total contents of these elements in the aboveground biomass of Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) and Vicia cracca L. (Fabaceae) were determined. The main physicochemical parameters of the soils were determined, as well. The element contents did not exceed the maximum permissible limits for both soils and plants (evaluated as fodder crops). Moreover, high variability of element contents in soils and plants, and soil characteristics did not allow us to estimate the rate of potential effect of road traffic. Some of the elements however tightly related to atmospheric deposition caused by traffic such as Pb and Zn tended to decrease in soils with increasing distance from the roadway. Keywords: toxic elements, atmospheric deposition, contamination, Achillea millefolium L., Vicia cracca L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 379-384 Volume: 58 Issue: 8 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/309/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/309/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201208-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:8:id:309-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Ramirez-Garcia Author-Workplace-Name: School of Agricultural Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Author-Name: P. Almendros Author-Workplace-Name: School of Agricultural Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Author-Name: M. Quemada Author-Workplace-Name: School of Agricultural Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Title: Ground cover and leaf area index relationship in a grass, legume and crucifer crop Abstract: Canopy characterization is essential for describing the interaction of a crop with its environment. The goal of this work was to determine the relationship between leaf area index (LAI) and ground cover (GC) in a grass, a legume and a crucifer crop, and to assess the feasibility of using these relationships as well as LAI-2000 readings to estimate LAI. Twelve plots were sown with either barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), vetch (Vicia sativa L.), or rape (Brassica napus L.). On 10 sampling dates the LAI (both direct and LAI-2000 estimations), fraction intercepted of photosynthetically active radiation (FIPAR) and GC were measured. Linear and quadratic models fitted to the relationship between the GC and LAI for all of the crops, but they reached a plateau in the grass when the LAI > 4. Before reaching full cover, the slope of the linear relationship between both variables was within the range of 0.025 to 0.030. The LAI-2000 readings were linearly correlated with the LAI but they tended to overestimation. Corrections based on the clumping effect reduced the root mean square error of the estimated LAI from the LAI-2000 readings from 1.2 to less than 0.50 for the crucifer and the legume, but were not effective for barley. Keywords: canopy, digital images, barley, vetch, rape, LAI-2000 Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 385-390 Volume: 58 Issue: 8 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/195/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/195/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201208-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:8:id:195-2012-PSE