Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Máthé-Gáspár Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: N. Fodor Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Title: Modeling the phosphorus balance of different soilsusing the 4M crop model Abstract: Our study focuses on the phosphorus (P) balance in two long-term fertilization experiments which were carried out in characteristic soils of Hungary with four fertilization treatments and four main crops. The objectives of this study are: (1) to quantify the P accumulation rate in the upper soil layers and (2) to calibrate and validate the P-balance module of the 4M crop model. The concentration of ammonium-lactate soluble P (AL-P) increased with time in both soils. The mean AL-P accumulation rates in the 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers were 3.7, 0.7, 0.1 and 3.7, 4.3, 0.6 mg/kg/year in the chernozem and the sandy soil, respectively. The P accumulation rates in the top layers (0-20 cm) changed significantly in time as these gradually decreased from around 6.5 mg/kg/year to zero in about 26 years in both soils. The model results of the phosphorus content in different soil layers, as well as the plant phosphorus uptake were in good agreement with the observed values. Keywords: long-term experiments, topsoil, plant, accumulation, migration Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 391-398 Volume: 58 Issue: 9 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/100/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/100/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201209-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:9:id:100-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Islam Author-Workplace-Name: National Fertilizer Development Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan Title: The effect of different rates and forms of sulfur on seed yield and micronutrient uptake by chickpea Abstract: Field experiments were conducted at two different locations (Barani Agricultural Research Institute Chakwal and farm field Talagang, district Chakwal) for two crop-growing seasons in northern rainfed Punjab, Pakistan to assess the yield and micronutrient uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). The treatments were four combinations of two levels of sulfur (15 and 30 kg/ha) from two sources (gypsum and ammonium sulfate) and a no-sulfur control. Application of sulfur resulted in a significant increase in seed yield up to 17% over control. Ammonium sulfate was a more efficient source of sulfur as compared to gypsum at both the locations. Sulfur application resulted in a significant increase in micronutrient uptake by plant; however effect of sulfur application on soil pH at the end of experiment was not significant. Availability of soil zinc and copper increased with sulfur application at the end of two year experiment. Tissue copper and iron and soil available copper and iron correlated negatively with soil pH. Sulfur should be applied to chickpea grown under rainfed conditions in order to increase seed yield, to improve nutritional composition of product and to enhance efficiency of other fertilizers. Keywords: Cicer arietinum, soil reaction, gypsum, ammonium sulfate, soil fertility Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 399-404 Volume: 58 Issue: 9 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/145/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/145/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201209-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:9:id:145-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: X. Zeng Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: P. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Research for Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Author-Name: S. Su Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Bai Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Q. Feng Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Phosphate has a differential influence on arsenate adsorption by soils with different properties Abstract: The adverse effect of the application of phosphorus (P) on arsenic (As) adsorption by soils can result in increasing mobility and availability of As. However, in different soils, P might influence As adsorption differently. In this study, the arsenate [As(V)] adsorption capacities of six soils with different properties and the effects of P application were studied. The results indicated that the adsorbed As(V) contents all increased as a function of the As(V) content in equilibrium. When analysed using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations, the maximum As(V) adsorption capacity of 0.72 mg/g was found for an Alumi-Plinthic Acrisol, while the minimum capacity of 0.09 mg/g was observed for an Epigleyic Cambisol. The adverse effects of P application on As(V) adsorption by the six soils were observed to be variable. When the P/As molar ratio in a culture experiment was increased from 0 to 10, the maximal and minimal decreases in the As(V) adsorption capacity of 0.086 and 0.014 mg/g were found in the Alumi-Plinthic Acrisol and Epigleyic Cambisol, respectively. P was relatively more effective in competing for adsorption sites with As(V) in the Alumi-Plinthic Acrisol and Luvi-Endogleyic Phaeozem due to their higher A/P values (decrease in adsorbedAs/added P) of 1.143 and 1.135, respectively. These results will help decrease the environmental risk of some As-contaminated agricultural soils through the controlled application of P. Keywords: isothermal equation, adsorption capacity, P/As molar ratio, As availability Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 405-411 Volume: 58 Issue: 9 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/200/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/200/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201209-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:9:id:200-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Key Laboratory of Food Safety of Binzhou City, Binzhou University, Binzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: W.J. Xie Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Key Laboratory of Food Safety of Binzhou City, Binzhou University, Binzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Y.L. Yi Author-Workplace-Name: College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: X.B. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Key Laboratory of Food Safety of Binzhou City, Binzhou University, Binzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: H.J. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Key Laboratory of Food Safety of Binzhou City, Binzhou University, Binzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Key Laboratory of Food Safety of Binzhou City, Binzhou University, Binzhou, P.R. China Title: Surface activity of salt-tolerant Serratia spp. and crude oil biodegradation in saline soil Abstract: An ideal strain for crude oil degradation in saline soils would be one with high salt-tolerance. A novel bacterial strain, Serratia sp. BF40, was isolated from crude oil contaminated saline soils. Its salt-tolerance, surface activity and ability to degrade crude oil in saline soils were evaluated. It can grow in liquid culture with NaCl concentration less than 6.0%. Its surface activity characterized as an efficient surface tension reduction, was significantly affected by salinity above 2.0%. BF40 inoculation could decrease surface tension of soil solutions and facilitate crude oil removal in soils with 0.22-1.20% salinity, but the efficiency was both significantly lower than its biosurfactant addition. The BF40 strain has a high potential for biodegradation of crude oil contaminated saline soils in view of its high surface activity and salt-tolerance, which is the first report of biosurfactant producing by the genus Serratia for petroleum degrading. We suggest that biosurfactant addition is an efficient strategy. Simultaneously, the growing status of the strain and how to boost its surface activity in saline soils should deserve further studies in order to achieve a continuous biosurfactant supply. Keywords: strain, biosurfactant, surface tension, degradation potential Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 412-416 Volume: 58 Issue: 9 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/217/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/217/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201209-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:9:id:217-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Q. Hayat Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India Author-Name: S. Hayat Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: M.N. Alyemeni Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: A. Ahmad Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India Title: Salicylic acid mediated changes in growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant defense system in Cicer arietinum L. Abstract: The present study reveals that the foliar application of salicylic acid (SA), irrespective of the concentration used, generated an increase of dry mass per plant, nodule dry mass and leghemoglobin content in chickpea plants. The activity of nitrogenase (E.C 1.18.6.1), nitrate reductase (NR) (E.C. 1.6.6.1), glutamine synthetase (GS) (E.C 6.3.1.2), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) (E.C 1.4.7.1) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) (E.C 1.4.1.3) increased as well. Among the three concentrations of SA, the order of response was found to be 10-5 mol/L > 10-6 mol/L > 10-4 mol/L > control. Keywords: chickpea, glutamine synthase, leghemoglobin, nitrate reductase, nitrogenase Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 417-423 Volume: 58 Issue: 9 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/232/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/232/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201209-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:9:id:232-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Organic Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Author-Name: T. Kautz Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Organic Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Author-Name: R. Pude Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center Campus Klein-Altendorf, Rheinbach, Germany Author-Name: U. Köpke Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Organic Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Title: Nodulation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) roots: depth distribution and temporal variation Abstract: This study was undertaken in order to test whether the development of nodule density over the vegetation period is different in lucerne stands grown for 1, 2 or 3 years continuously. For rapidly assessing nodule density in the field, a modified profile wall method was applied. Nodules were counted on a vertical profile wall, after spraying away a 2 cm layer of soil. For validating this method nodule density was determined on roots washed from monolith samples. Field data indicate that there is a shift of nodulation towards deeper soil layers with increasing maturity of lucerne stands. In 1-year lucerne nodulation was limited virtually to the top 15 cm of soil. In the 15-30 cm soil layer and in the subsoil (30-80 cm), nodule density increased with the cropping duration (1 year < 2 years < 3 years). Temporal decreases in nodule density during the vegetation period associated with dry spells were more pronounced for 2-years as compared with 3-years lucerne. Keywords: alfalfa, perennial cultivation, profile wall, soil monolith, subsoil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 424-428 Volume: 58 Issue: 9 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/314/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/314/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201209-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:9:id:314-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Q. Wan Author-Workplace-Name: StateKey Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Tea Science Research Institute, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: R.K. Xu Author-Workplace-Name: StateKey Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: X.H. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Tea Science Research Institute, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, P.R. China Title: Proton release by tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) roots as affected by nutrient solution concentration and pH Abstract: Solution culture experiments were conducted and the protons released were measured with an automatic titration system to determine the main factors affecting proton release by tea roots. Results indicated that the higher were the cation concentrations, the more protons were released from the roots, suggesting that tea roots took up a large amount of cations during growth, and then released protons to maintain charge balance of the plant body. The amount of protons released from tea roots at controlled pH was much higher than that in the treatments with uncontrolled pH. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that both NH4+ and Al(III) played distinct roles in proton release by tea plant roots. The uptake of Al(III) and NH4+ and subsequent release of protons may be an important mechanism for soil acidification in tea gardens. Keywords: acidification, aluminum, ammonium, charge balance, tea gardens Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 429-434 Volume: 58 Issue: 9 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/326/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/326/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201209-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:9:id:326-2012-PSE