Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Procházková Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Haisel Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Schnablová Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Vytášek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: N. Wilhelmová Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of risk elements in soil to nitric oxide metabolism in tobacco plants Abstract: We studied changes of endogenous nitric oxide content (NO) and of reactive nitrogen species metabolism in transgenic tobacco with prolonged life span (SAG) and in wild tobacco (WT) cultivated in the control and in the polluted soil. There was no difference in the metal accumulation between WT and SAG plants however SAG ones showed better ability to cope with risk elements, as they retained higher membrane stability index and chlorophyll content together with better photochemical efficiency and lower deepoxidation status. Risk elements induced higher NO production in the youngest leaves of both plant types. Low and middle leaves of both WT and SAG plants showed similar activities of nitrate reductase and nitrosoglutathione reductase. Increase of nitrotyrosine content in leaf soluble proteins suggests that risk elements induced nitrosative stress in both plant types. Keywords: nitrate reductase, nitrosoglutathione reductase, nitrotyrosine, Nicotiana tabacum L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 435-440 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/264/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/264/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201210-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:10:id:264-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Temel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: N. Gozukirmizi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey Title: Effects of homobrassinolide in barley callus culture Abstract: Thirty-day-old barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Zafer-160) calli were treated with 0, 0.5, 1 µmol/L 22(S),23(S)-Homobrassinolide (HBL) for four weeks. Transfer of calli to hormone-free or HBL-supplemented medium caused an increase in total soluble protein and DNA contents and a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C. 1.15.1.1) activity. 0.5 µmol/L HBL caused the highest protein and DNA levels and the minimum decrease in fresh weight; while the lowest superoxide dismutase activity was recorded in 1 µmol/L HBL-treated group. Calli developed nodular structures and green cell clusters after transfer onto hormone-free or HBL-supplemented medium. Methylation-sensitive restriction fingerprinting (MSRF) analysis detected a few changes in methylation between control and 0.5 µmol/L groups. Combination of data led us to the conclusion that HBL favoured regeneration and shoot development and may ameliorate tissue culture stress in a mechanism, which is independent of cytosine methylation. Keywords: brassinosteroids, superoxide dismutase, regeneration, MSRF, methylation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 441-445 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/305/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/305/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201210-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:10:id:305-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L.J. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: D.H. Zeng Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Daqinggou Ecological Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: R. Mao Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.Y. Yu Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Daqinggou Ecological Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Title: Nitrogen and phosphorus resorption of Artemisia scoparia, Chenopodium acuminatum, Cannabis sativa, and Phragmites communis under nitrogen and phosphorus additions in a semiarid grassland, China Abstract: A factorial nitrogen (N) × phosphorus (P) addition experiment was conducted to evaluate responses of leaf nutrient resorption to increased soil N and P availability in a semiarid grassland in Keerqin Sandy Lands, China. Four plant species were selected, among which Artemisia scoparia and Chenopodium acuminatum were dominant species in the control and P-added plots, and Cannabis sativa and Phragmites communis were dominant in the N- and N + P-treated plots. Results showed that N and P resorption varied substantially among species (P < 0.01). A general trend of decrease in N resorption efficiency (NRE) and N resorption proficiency (NRP) was observed in response to increased soil N availability for all species, except P. communis only for NRE. Similarly, P resorption proficiency (PRP) decreased in response to P addition for all species, whereas P resorption efficiency (PRE) was not affected by P addition. Species responded differently in terms of PRE and PRP to N addition, whereas no changes in NRE and NRP occurred in response to P addition except P. communis for NRE. Our results suggest that increased soil nutrient availability can influence plant-mediated nutrient cycling directly by changing leaf nutrient resorption and indirectly by altering species composition in the sandy grassland. Keywords: litter decomposition, nitrogen limitation, nutrient availability, sandy grassland, species composition Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 446-451 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6339-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6339-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201210-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:10:id:6339-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Tan Author-Workplace-Name: BIOMERIT Research Centre, Microbiology Department, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland Author-Name: M. Barret Author-Workplace-Name: BIOMERIT Research Centre, Microbiology Department, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland Author-Name: O. Rice Author-Workplace-Name: BIOMERIT Research Centre, Microbiology Department, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland Author-Name: D.N. Dowling Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, County Carlow, Ireland Author-Name: J. Burke Author-Workplace-Name: Teagasc Research Centre, Oakpark, County Carlow, Ireland Author-Name: J.P. Morrissey Author-Workplace-Name: Microbiology Department, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland Author-Name: F. O'Gara Author-Workplace-Name: BIOMERIT Research Centre, Microbiology Department, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland Title: Long-term agrichemical use leads to alterations in bacterial community diversity Abstract: Bacterial communities are key drivers of soil fertility and agriculture productivity. Understanding how soil bacterial communities change in response to different conditions is an important aspect in the development of sustainable agriculture. There is a desire to reduce the current reliance on high inputs of chemicals and fertilisers in agriculture, but limited data are available on how this might impact soil bacterial communities. This study investigated the bacterial communities in a spring barley monoculture site subjected to two different input regimes for over 12 years: a conventional chemical/fertiliser regime, and a reduced input regime. A culture independent approach was performed to compare the bacterial communities through 16S rRNA gene PCR-DGGE. PCO analysis revealed that the rhizosphere has a strong structuring effect on the bacterial community. Moreover, high inputs of agrichemicals lead to an increase of phosphorus level in the soil and a concomitant reduction of the bacterial diversity. These results may help to evaluate the environmental risks associated with agrichemical usage. Keywords: microbial diversity, fertilisers, rhizosphere, sustainable agriculture, DGGE Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 452-458 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/414/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/414/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201210-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:10:id:414-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T.C.V. Do Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Author-Name: H.W. Scherer Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Title: Compost and biogas residues as basic materials for potting substrates Abstract: Recent concerns over the environmental impact of peat harvesting have led to restrictions on the production of peat based potting substrates. Therefore the objective of our study was to evaluate the use of compost and biogas residues without and each with 20% additives (Perlite, Styromull, Hygromull, Lecaton, Peat, Cocofiber) as a substitute for peat. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), chosen as an experimental plant, was cut four times. The results reveal that compost and biogas residues are suitable potting substrates. The incorporation of additives mixed into the basic materials partly resulted in higher yield and nutrient uptake. However, the difference among additives was mainly insignificant. Incorporation of Hygromull, especially into biogas residues favored plant growth and increased the uptake of nutrients, which is attributed to the fact that Hygromull stores nutrients and delivers them even later in the growing season. Furthermore Hygromull reduces the salt concentration of the medium, resulting in favored plant growth of younger plants. Keywords: organic residues, additives, nutrient uptake, yield, ryegrass Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 459-464 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/445/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/445/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201210-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:10:id:445-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Lanauskas Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, Lithuania Author-Name: N. Kvikliené Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, Lithuania Author-Name: N. Uselis Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, Lithuania Author-Name: D. Kviklys Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, Lithuania Author-Name: L. Buskiené Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, Lithuania Author-Name: R. Mažeika Author-Workplace-Name: Agrochemical Researches Laboratory, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture Author-Name: G. Staugaitis Author-Workplace-Name: Agrochemical Researches Laboratory, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture Title: The effect of calcium foliar fertilizers on cv. Ligol apples Abstract: The effects of calcium fertilizers on cv. Ligol apples were studied in the experiment conducted at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in 2007-2009. Fertilizers were applied four or eight times from June to September on the 8th-9th leaf of apple trees on P 22 rootstock. Calcium nitrate or liquid calcium fertilizers were used. The results differed over the years of experiment. During the first year, four applications of liquid calcium fertilizers significantly reduced the Mg/Ca ratio in fruit, whereas in 2008 the tendency of decrease in the ratios of K/Ca and Mg/Ca at both fertilizers was observed. The bitter pit incidence rate on stored apples of the 2007 yield was 1.5-3.0%. The eight applications of liquid calcium fertilizers significantly reduced the incidence of bitter pit after storage. In 2008, higher fruit calcium content and lower ratios of N/Ca, K/Ca, and Mg/Ca were detected. Moreover, these apples were not affected by bitter pit. The worse fruit quality of the 2007 yield could be linked to the abundant rainfall during 2007 vegetation season. However, the application of fertilizers had a positive effect on natural weight loss and fruit flesh firmness after storage. Keywords: bitter pit, flesh firmness, weight loss, storage Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 465-470 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6342-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6342-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201210-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:10:id:6342-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.R. Motaghian Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Author-Name: A.R. Hosseinpur Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Title: Copper release kinetics: Effect of two extractants and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere Abstract: The greenhouse experiment was performed to determine Cu release characteristics in the bulk and the rhizosphere of some calcareous soils using rhizobox. The kinetics of Cu release in the bulk and the rhizosphere soils were determined by successive extraction with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-triethanolamine (DTPA-TEA) and 10 mmol/L citric acid in a period of 1 to 504 h at 25 ± 1°C. The results of kinetics study showed that Cu extracted using DTPA-TEA in the rhizosphere soils was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than the bulk soils, while Cu extracted using citric acid in the rhizosphere soils was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than the bulk soils. The mean of released Cu after 504 h using DTPA-TEA were 8.59 and 7.46 mg/kg in the bulk and the rhizosphere soils, respectively. The mean release of Cu after 504 h using citric acid was 14.73 and 16.05 mg/kg in the bulk and the rhizosphere soils, respectively. Release kinetics of Cu in two extractants conformed fairly well to parabolic diffusion, power function, and first order equations. The results of correlation analysis illustrated that a significant correlation between Cu desorption after 504 h with citric acid and Cu concentration in wheat was found (r = 0.96 and r = 0.90 in the rhizosphere and the bulk soils, respectively, P < 0.01). Therefore, application of 10 mmol/L citric acid extractant would be recommended in the future study on the kinetics of release of Cu in calcareous soils. Keywords: citric acid, DTPA-TEA, plant indices, successive extraction Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 471-476 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/365/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/365/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201210-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:10:id:365-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Stamenov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: M. Jarak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: S. Đurić Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: D. Milošev Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: T. Hajnal-Jafari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Title: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in the production of English ryegrass Abstract: The effect of inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis on the yield of fresh and dry mass of English ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as well as on the number of rhizospheric microorganisms was studied. The microorganisms were introduced into the soil before sowing. The control plots were not inoculated. The number of microorganisms was determined after the third mowing. The yield was determined after the first, second and third mowing. In comparison with the control, after the first and second mowing, there was a statistically significant increase in the fresh and dry mass in both inoculated variants whereas after the third mowing, a statistically significant increase in the yield of fresh mass was recorded only in the variant with B. subtilis. The use of B. subtilis had a better effect on the total yield of the fresh and dry mass of English ryegrass. The number of the investigated groups of microorganisms, apart from actinomycetes, increased in the inoculated variants. Inoculation of P. fluorescens affected the increase of total number of bacteria and aminoheterotrophs whereas inoculation of B. subtilis affected the increase of the number of azotobacter and fungi. Keywords: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Lolium perenne L., yield, rhizospheric soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 477-480 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/132/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/132/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201210-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:10:id:132-2012-PSE