Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: Index of volume 58 Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: I-VI Volume: 58 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6443-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6443-PSE.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:12:id:6443-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Verma Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Research Station, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India Author-Name: R.P. Sharma Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India Author-Name: S.P. Sharma Author-Workplace-Name: Directorate of Research, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India Author-Name: S.K. Subehia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India Author-Name: S. Shambhavi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India Title: Changes in soil fertility status of maize-wheat system due to long-term use of chemical fertilizers and amendments in an alfisol Abstract: The present study was undertaken to quantify changes in the status of soil nutrients, their depletion and build-up after continuous long intensive cropping for last 36 years in a permanent manorial trial which has been in progress since 1972 in an alfisol of western Himalayas. The rotation was maize-wheat which included various combinations of N, P, K, Zn and FYM (farmyard manure). Continuous cultivation influenced pH, OC (organic carbon), available N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus) and K (potassium). An increase in the status of organic carbon was observed in 100% NPK + FYM treatments for more than three decades from initial value of 7.9 to 12.0 g/kg. The use of either FYM or lime alongwith 100% NPK sustained crop productivity or improved nutrient status. However, imbalanced use of nutrients i.e. NP or N alone is adversely affecting the fertility of soil by aggravating the problem of soil acidity. Application of S free P fertilizer DAP (diammonium phosphate) drastically reduced the yield of both the crops. Thus, continuous use of balanced fertilizers is necessary for sustaining soil fertility and productivity of crops. Keywords: sustainability, long-term fertilizer experiment, productivity, organic carbon, nutrient Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 529-533 Volume: 58 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/133/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/133/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201212-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:12:id:133-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G.Q. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: L.N. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Y.Y. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, P.R. China Title: Response of growth and antioxidant enzymes to osmotic stress in two different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars seedlings Abstract: To investigate the responses of growth and antioxidant enzymes to osmotic stress in two different wheat cultivars, one drought tolerant (Heshangtou, HST) and the other drought sensitive (Longchun 15, LC15), 15-day-old wheat seedlings were exposed to osmotic stress of -0.25, -0.50, and -0.75 MPa for 2 days. It is found that osmotic stress decreased shoot length in both wheat cultivars, whereas to a lesser degree in HST than in LC15. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) of shoot in both wheat cultivars were increased by osmotic stress. It is clear that MDA contents increased less in the more drought tolerant cultivar HST than in drought sensitive one LC15. On the contrary, POD and CAT activities increased more in HST than LC15 under osmotic stress. As the activity of SOD, however, no significant differences were found between HST and LC15. These results suggest that wheat cultivar HST has higher activities of antioxidant enzymes such as POD and CAT to cope with oxidative damage caused by osmotic stress compared to sensitive LC15. Keywords: malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, drought tolerance Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 534-539 Volume: 58 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/373/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/373/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201212-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:12:id:373-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Mikanová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Šimon Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Javůrek Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Vach Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Relationships between winter wheat yields and soil carbon under various tillage systems Abstract: Soil quality and fertility are associated with its productivity, and this in turn is connected to the soil biological activity. To study these effects, well designed long-term field experiments that provide comprehensive data sets are the most applicable. Four treatments (tillage methods) were set up: (1) conventional tillage (CT); (2) no tillage (NT); (3) minimum tillage + straw (MTS), and (4) no tillage + mulch (NTM). Our objective was to assess the relationships between soil microbial characteristics and winter wheat yields under these different techniques of conservation tillage within a field experiment, originally established in 1995. The differences in average grain yields over time period 2002-2009 between the variants were not statistically significant. Organic carbon in the topsoil was higher in plots with conservation tillage (NT, MTS, and NTM), than in the conventional tillage plots. There was a statistically significant correlation (P ≤ 0.01) between the grain yields and organic C content in topsoil. Keywords: soil tillage, Triticum aestivum, soil organic C, microbial biomass C Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 540-544 Volume: 58 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/512/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/512/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201212-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:12:id:512-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kayser Author-Workplace-Name: Grassland Science, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Vechta, Germany Author-Name: M. Benke Author-Workplace-Name: Chamber of Agriculture Lower-Saxony, Oldenburg, Germany Author-Name: J. Isselstein Author-Workplace-Name: Grassland Science, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Vechta, Germany Title: Potassium leaching following silage maize on a productive sandy soil Abstract: Relatively little is known about potassium leaching losses following harvest of silage maize. While direct negative impacts on the environment are unlikely, losses of K with leaching need to be known for accurate balancing, especially on coarse textured soils, where K can be a critical element. In a four-year field experiment the effects of fertilizer forms (inorganic, cattle slurry and pig slurry) and four levels of N input (0, 80, 160, 240 kg N/ha) with corresponding amounts of K on the nutrient balances and leaching of K from silage maize grown on a sandy soil were investigated using suction cups. After four years, surplus of K from cattle slurry led to higher lactate-soluble K in the topsoil. Potassium leaching differed between years with different amounts of rainfall during winter. Annual leaching losses of K increased with N and K input and amounted to 38 kg K/ha, while fertilizer form had no significant effect. Losses of K increased with increasing N leaching (R2 = 0.69). We conclude that in maize production on coarse textured soils and under conditions of high N leaching (86-152 kg N/ha), K leaching can be large (6-84 kg K/ha) and constitutes a relevant part of K balances (-84 to +127 kg K/ha). Keywords: cation translocation, K balances, K management, N leaching, Zea mays Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 545-550 Volume: 58 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/523/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/523/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201212-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:12:id:523-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Mühlbachová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The heavy metal availability in long-term polluted soils as affected by EDTA and alfalfa meal treatments Abstract: A 38-day incubation experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the response of plant-available portions of heavy metals in long-term contaminated arable and grassland soils on addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) meal. Soils with different soil management (arable and grassland) from the vicinity of a lead smelter were used in the experiment. Readily available heavy metal fractions of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu increased in the presence of EDTA at the beginning of experiment. The increase of heavy metal availability was higher in the arable soil with lower content of soil organic carbon than in the grassland soil. Addition of EDTA increased content of K2SO4-extractable carbon which remained higher throughout the overall time of experiment. During the first part of the experiment, the alfalfa meal addition decreased the available metal concentrations in the EDTA-treated grassland soil whereas no effect of alfalfa meal was observed in EDTA-treated arable soil. Keywords: contaminated soils, smelter, chelates, organic substrates, incubation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 551-556 Volume: 58 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/524/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/524/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201212-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:12:id:524-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Beuters Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Author-Name: H.W. Scherer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Title: Modification of the standard method for determination of non-exchangeable NH4-N in soil Abstract: It is well accepted that non-exchangeable NH4-N plays an important role in the N dynamics of arable soils. However the widely-used Silva/Bremner method for determining this N fraction is very time consuming and the use of the hazardous hydrofluoric acid (HF) is indispensable. In the modification the use of HF is avoided and the quantity of analysed samples per unit of time could be increased by a factor of 2.5. After pretreating soil samples with KOBr to destroy soil organic matter soil samples are dried and the content of non-exchangeable NH4-N is measured using a CNS analyzer. The results of the analysis of 3 out of 4 different soils show no significant differences between both methods. Keywords: fixed ammonium, nitrogen, clay minerals, hydrofluoric acid, KOBr Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 557-560 Volume: 58 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/575/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/575/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201212-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:12:id:575-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Hejcman Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Vondráčková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Müllerová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Červená Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of quick lime and superphosphate additives on emergence and survival of Rumex obtusifolius seedlings in acid and alkaline soils contaminated by As, Cd, Pb, and Zn Abstract: Rumex obtusifolius is a troublesome weed widely spread in temperate grasslands and can be potentially used for detection of soils contaminated by trace elements. We asked how emergence and survival of its seedlings are affected by application of quick lime (Ca) and superphosphate (P) additives in soils contaminated by trace elements. We performed the pot seeding experiment with slightly acid Litavka soil contaminated by arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) and alkaline Malín soil contaminated by As, Cd, and Zn. We used a control without any additives, Ca and P treatments in both soils. Higher and quicker emergence, together with substantially higher mortality of seedlings, was recorded in Litavka than in Malín. A positive effect of the Ca treatment on seedlings was recorded in Litavka, but a negative in Malín. Small seedlings with narrow and long leaves of reddish colour were recorded in Litavka in the control and in the P treatment both with high availability of Zn, Cd, and Pb. In the Ca treatment, leaves of seedlings were more elliptic and less reddish. In Malín, seedlings were green and substantially more vital in the control and in the P treatment than in Litavka. In the Ca treatment, small and unviable seedlings were recorded. Seedlings of R. obtusifolius are sensitive on high availability of Ca, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the soil. Keywords: broad-leaved dock, calcium, cadmium, lead, zinc, metal toxicity, soil reaction Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 561-667 Volume: 58 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/612/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/612/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201212-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:12:id:612-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Janků Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Bartovská Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Soukup Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Jursík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hamouzová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Density and surface tension of aqueous solutions of adjuvants used for tank-mixes with pesticides Abstract: Adjuvants are surface active agents that are added to pesticide formulations or tank-mix to facilitate the mixing, application, or efficacy of these products. Addition of adjuvants changes the physico-chemical properties of spray liquid. In this work, we have focused in particular on surface tension and density of aqueous solutions of different adjuvants registered for mixing with herbicides. Eleven different adjuvants were subject of this study under laboratory conditions. An equation which enables determination of density of aqueous solutions in concentration range of 0-15 g/kg was designed. Average difference between the experimental and calculated density values amounts to ± 0.006%. The concentration dependence of surface tension was utilized to determine the critical micelle concentration (cmc). Evidently, the cmc of most tested adjuvants was lower than the amount recommended by manufacturer, especially in case of adjuvants Dedal 90 EC and Mero 33528. For adjuvant Trend 90 EC the recommended rate is even lower than that obtained for the cmc. Maximum reduction of the surface tension of water was achieved with adjuvants Silwet L-77 and Break Superb. Keywords: CMC, surfactants, efficacy, micelles, solubilization Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 568-572 Volume: 58 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/556/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/556/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201212-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:58:y:2012:i:12:id:556-2012-PSE