Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Baum Author-Workplace-Name: SoilScience, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany Author-Name: K.-U. Eckhardt Author-Workplace-Name: SoilScience, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany Author-Name: J. Hahn Author-Workplace-Name: Landscape Ecology and Site Evaluation, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany Author-Name: M. Weih Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Author-Name: I. Dimitriou Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Author-Name: P. Leinweber Author-Workplace-Name: SoilScience, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany Title: Impact of poplar on soil organic matter quality and microbial communities in arable soils Abstract: Poplars grown in short rotation coppice on agricultural land are a promising bioenergy crop. This study aimed to evaluate the soil organic matter (SOM) quality and viable microbial consortium under six-years-old poplar (Populus maximowiczii) and under wheat (Triticum aestivum) at a test site in central Germany. The SOM molecular composition and stability was determined by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS). The microbial consortium was assessed in terms of microbial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles. Py-FIMS and the PLFAs agreed in showing crop-specific differences in the SOM quality and in the associated microbial communities. Higher proportions of carbohydrates, long-chained fatty acids, sterols and suberins at the expense of N-containing compounds under poplar than under wheat were associated with lower concentrations of microbial PLFAs in the organic matter. A higher ratio of total fungal to bacterial (f/b) PLFAs, a lower ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacterial PLFAs and lower biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the organic matter were revealed under poplar than under wheat. Lower N- and increased C-availability in the SOM promoted fungal vs. bacterial colonization, increased the SOM stability by a lower decomposability and caused SOM accumulation under poplar. Keywords: bioenergy, soil carbon storage, phospholipid fatty acid profiles, Populus, short rotation coppice Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 95-100 Volume: 59 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/548/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/548/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201303-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:3:id:548-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Hamouz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hamouzová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Holec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Tyšer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Impact of site-specific weed management on herbicide savings and winter wheat yield Abstract: An aggregated distribution pattern of weed populations provides opportunity to reduce the herbicide application if site-specific weed management is adopted. This work is focused on the practical testing of site-specific weed management in a winter wheat and the optimisation of the control thresholds. Patch spraying was applied to an experimental field in Central Bohemia. Total numbers of 512 application cells were arranged into 16 blocks, which allowed the randomisation of four treatments in four replications. Treatment 1 represented blanket spraying and the other treatments differed by the herbicide application thresholds. The weed infestation was estimated immediately before the post-emergence herbicide application. Treatment maps for every weed group were created based on the weed abundance data and relevant treatment thresholds. The herbicides were applied using a sprayer equipped with boom section control. The herbicide savings were calculated for every treatment and the differences in the grain yield between the treatments were tested using the analysis of variance. The site-specific applications provided herbicide savings ranging from 15.6% to 100% according to the herbicide and application threshold used. The differences in yield between the treatments were not statistically significant (P = 0.81). Thus, the yield was not lowered by site-specific weed management. Keywords: economic thresholds, patch spraying, weed control, cereals, yield loss, Triticum aestivum L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 101-107 Volume: 59 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/599/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/599/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201303-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:3:id:599-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Velmourougane Author-Workplace-Name: Central Institute for Cotton Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Author-Name: A. Sahu Author-Workplace-Name: Central Institute for Cotton Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Title: Impact of transgenic cottons expressing cry1Ac on soil biological attributes Abstract: Three transgenic Bt cotton hybrids (RCH-2 Bt, Bunny Bt and NHH 44 Bt) expressing cry1Ac gene were evaluated for their effects on soil biological, microbiological and diversity attributes at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm soil depth under field conditions. At both soil depths, soil respiration rate and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis were the highest in the soil under Bt cotton grown followed by non-Bt soil, and by the control bulk soil, indicating no adverse effects of Bt cotton on soil microbial activity. Urease and dehydrogenase activities, reflecting potentially available N and the oxidative metabolism in soil, respectively, also increased in the sequence no-crop variant < non-Bt soil < soil under Bt cotton at both soil depths. A similar trend was found with the soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial population and microbial diversity indices. These results suggest that cultivation of Bt cotton expressing cry1Ac gene may not pose ecological or environmental risk. Keywords: Bt cotton, dehydrogenase, microbial biomass, urease, microbial diversity indices Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 108-114 Volume: 59 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/616/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/616/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201303-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:3:id:616-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Rodrigo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Forest Environment Engineering, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain Author-Name: O. Santamaría Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Forest Environment Engineering, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain Author-Name: F.J. López-Bellido Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production and Agricultural Technology, University of Castilla la Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain Author-Name: M.J. Poblaciones Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Forest Environment Engineering, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain Title: Agronomic selenium biofortification of two-rowed barley under Mediterranean conditions Abstract: In order to improve the nutritional value of two-rowed barley grain, two foliar selenium (Se) fertilizers (sodium selenate and sodium selenite) at four rates (0-10-20-40 g/ha) were applied during the growing seasons 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 in a field experiment conducted under semiarid Mediterranean conditions. The grain harvested in the 2010/2011 season accumulated a greater amount of total Se than the grain of the 2011/2012 season. Sodium selenate was much more effectively taken by plants than sodium selenite, and there was a strong and linear relationship between total Se concentration and Se rate in both sodium selenate and selenite. For each gram of Se fertilization, applied as sodium selenate or sodium selenite, the increases of total Se concentration in grain were 44 and 9 μg/kg dry weight, respectively. No increments in total or available Se were observed in soil after harvesting even at the highest doses of either fertilizer. It can be concluded that two-rowed barley would be a good candidate to be included in biofortification programs under Mediterranean conditions to increase Se in animal feeding and in the human diet through beer production. Keywords: sodium selenite, sodium selenate, rainfed conditions, ICP-MS, cereals Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 115-120 Volume: 59 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/691/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/691/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201303-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:3:id:691-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Ash Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Tejnecký Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Šebek Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratories of the Geological Institutes, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Němeček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Žahourová-Dubová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Bakardjieva Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Drahota Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Drábek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Fractionation and distribution of risk elements in soil profiles at a Czech shooting range Abstract: The fractionation and vertical distribution of risk elements in soil profiles at a shooting range characterized by alkaline soil were studied. High loading rates of lead (Pb) and antimony (Sb) were observed in the upper 30 cm of soil. Copper (Cu) contents are elevated compared to control soil but do not exceed guideline limits for agricultural soil. Zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) did not occur in excessive levels; however, easily mobilizable Zn fraction was higher in surface samples, whereas Ni appears to be relatively immobile. Pb and Cu loading in surface soils can be identified as fraction distributions are easily distinguished from those of non-polluted soils. At the firing line Cu, Sb and Zn are most abundant whereas Ni and Pb are concentrated at the target zone. S equential extraction procedures proved effective for the monitoring of shooting range soils. However, data should be backed by other scenario dependent analyses to confirm the environmental fate of shooting range contaminants. Keywords: lead, inorganic contaminants, BCR sequential extraction, soil probe, alkaline soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 121-129 Volume: 59 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/696/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/696/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201303-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:3:id:696-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N.R. Amaizah Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: D. Cakmak Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: E. Saljnikov Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: G. Roglic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: N. Kokovic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: D. Manojlovic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Serbia Title: Effect of waste Al-phosphate on soil and plant Abstract: Irreplaceability of phosphorus as a necessary macroelement in crop production is due to limited resources and costly processing of ores and immobilization in soil, which force for seeking an alternative sources or the use of waste materials. In this paper, the waste aluminum phosphate from pharmaceutical factory used as phosphate fertilizer and its effects were compared with other phosphorus fertilizers (superphosphate and rock phosphate). Except the analysis of available phosphorus (AL-method) the sequential extraction of phosphorus (modified Chang and Jackson) and sequential extraction of aluminum (modified Tessier) were performed. The experimental plant was mustard (Sinapis alba). The pot experiment was carried out on two soil types: Stagnosol and Vertisol. Application of phosphorus with aluminum phosphate had the same effect as the application of other phosphatic fertilizers in both soil types. In Stagnosol Al-phosphate directly influenced the increase in plant fresh weight by 39% and dry weight by 43% compared to the control, and also decreased the content of mobile Al for 40% and Pb for 47% in plant biomass. Based on these results, the use of waste aluminum phosphate has a potential to be used as a phosphorus fertilizer under given conditions. Keywords: macroelement, fertilizer, phosphorus, aluminum, plant biomass Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 130-135 Volume: 59 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/706/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/706/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201303-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:3:id:706-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Vácha Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Sáňka Author-Workplace-Name: Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Sáňka Author-Workplace-Name: Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Skála Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Čechmánková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The Fluvisol and sediment trace element contamination level as related to their geogenic and anthropogenic source Abstract: The upper values of the extractability of trace elements (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in 2 mol/L HNO3 and 0.025 mol/L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (compared with their pseudototal content in aqua regia) for determination of prevailing anthropogenic and geogenic soil load were proposed and compared with the results of the other 30 Fluvisol samples collected from the Labe fluvial zone. The increased geogenic load of Fluvisols was confirmed in the case of Be and As in some localities where low extractability with increased pseudototal contents were detected as opposed to the other elements when their increased pseudototal contents were followed by their increased extractability. The maps of probability of increased geogenic soil load in the area of the Czech Republic based on the comparison of geological substrates and trace element load were constructed. The combination of proposed elements extractability values for geogenic load together with developed maps is a suitable tool for the definition of prevailing Fluvisol or sediment load on some localities in the whole area of the Czech Republic. The results can be also a useful tool in the decision making processes regarding dredged sediment application on agricultural soil (support tool for legislative norms, Direction No. 257/2009 Sb.). Keywords: soil, dredged sediments, soil contamination, geological substrates Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 136-142 Volume: 59 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/723/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/723/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201303-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:3:id:723-2012-PSE