Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Hura Author-Workplace-Name: The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: K. Hura Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Agricultural University, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: A. Ostrowska Author-Workplace-Name: The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: M. Grzesiak Author-Workplace-Name: The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: K. Dziurka Author-Workplace-Name: The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland Title: The cell wall-bound phenolics as a biochemical indicator of soil drought resistance in winter triticale Abstract: The leaf dehydration was accompanied by the highest increase in the content of cell wall-bound phenolics (CPh) during heading (148.3% C; % of control) and in course of drought applied twice during propagation and flowering (130.5% C) of triticale. A statistically significant correlations were obtained only for CPh and parameters of leaf water status and chlorophyll fluorescence. An increase in the content of free phenolics (FPh) under drought conditions was only noticed during the flowering (111.4% C) of plants. Drought application exhibited most spectacular decrease in the ratio of FPh to CPh during propagation (48.5% C) and heading (58.8% C). It was found that the cell wall increases at the expense of free phenolic compounds. Keywords: photosynthetic apparatus, yield and stress metabolism, drought adaptation, reactive oxygen species, osmotic potential Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 189-195 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/665/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/665/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201305-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:5:id:665-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Analysis and Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, P.R. China Author-Name: Z. Gao Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, P.R. China Title: Effects of lanthanum on growth and accumulation in roots of rice seedlings Abstract: Hormetic effects on the growth were found in the roots of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Shengdao 16) exposed to increasing concentrations of La3+ (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mmol/L). The results indicated that La3+ promoted the growth of rice roots at 0.05 mmol/L, but inhibited the growth at 1.0 and 1.5 mmol/L La3+ after 13 days of exposure. Transmission electron microscope showed that La3+ was mainly deposited in the cell walls of the roots. In addition, the accumulation of K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Mo in the roots was also affected with the exposure of different La3+ treatments. It showed that La3+ affected the nutritional status of roots and further regulated the growth of rice. Keywords: trivalent lanthanum, hormesis, nutrient element, rare earth element antagonism Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 196-200 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/760/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/760/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201305-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:5:id:760-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Han Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, P.R. China Author-Name: T. Ning Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Z. Li Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, P.R. China Title: Effects of tillage and weed management on the vertical distribution of microclimate and grain yield in a winter wheat field Abstract: This paper presents results of a field study of the influence of tillage and weed on the vertical distribution of microclimate in the upper, middle, and deeper layers of a winter wheat population and grain yield during the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 winter wheat growing seasons. The results showed that the microclimate of the winter wheat canopy was different among the upper, middle, and deeper layers. Illumination was higher in the upper layer of the canopy than in the middle and deeper layers; under no-tillage + weed-reserving, a greater difference was found among the 3 layers. In the upper layer, illumination was the highest and lowest under no-tillage + weed-control and conventional tillage + weed-control, respectively. In the upper layer, air temperature was higher under no-tillage + weed-control than under conventional tillage + weed-control. The effects of air temperature in the middle and deeper layers were relatively low with tillage and considerably higher with weeds. Relative humidity was the highest and lowest under no-tillage + weed-reserving and conventional tillage + weed-control, respectively. During the winter wheat growing seasons, illumination and air temperature were lower at the heading stage and increased to a maximum at the filling stage, whereas the trend for relative humidity was the opposite. With weed-control, grain yield was significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) higher under conventional tillage than under no-tillage; with weed-reserving, no significant (LSD, P < 0.05) differences in grain yield were found between conventional tillage and no-tillage. The results showed that tillage and weed influenced microclimate vertical distribution in the winter wheat canopy and grain yield of winter wheat. Keywords: conservation tillage, herbicide, illumination, air temperature, relative humidity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 201-207 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/766/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/766/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201305-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:5:id:766-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kolářová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Tyšer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Soukup Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Diversity of current weed vegetation on arable land in selected areas of the Czech Republic Abstract: This paper reports on the within-habitat (α) and on the between-habitat (β) diversity of weed vegetation on arable land in the Czech Republic, influenced by management systems, crops grown and altitude. A phytocoenological survey was conducted from 2006 to 2008 during a vegetation period using relevés that were 100 m2 in size, placed in the central part of fields. The species richness and the mean Sørensen dissimilarity were calculated. The statistically significant effects of the type of farming and altitude on species richness were recorded. The average species numbers in one relevé reached 9.17 and 21.17 in conventional and organic farming, respectively. In both management systems, an increasing number of species was recorded with increasing altitude. Statistically significant effects of all the variables were observed when evaluating β-diversity. Higher β-diversity was found in conventional farming. Keywords: altitude, farming system, weed diversity, wide-row crops, winter cereals Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 208-213 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/783/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/783/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201305-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:5:id:783-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T.C.V. Do Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Author-Name: H.W. Scherer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Title: Compost as growing media component for salt-sensitive plants Abstract: Composting has been considerably recognized as a viable management method for solid organic wastes aimed at recycling of its end-product as a potting substrate for ornamental plants. Pelargonium and Salvia as salt-sensitive plants were grown in the mixture of compost (75, 50, 25% by volume) and additives (Hygromull, Cocofiber and SPS-standard soil type 73 with 70% peat and 30% clay). Since plants may suffer from a high salt content, thus in a further experiment compost was added as a partial substitute for peat. The results of the first pot experiment reveal that the large percentage of compost in the substrate had negative effects on plant growth and nutrient uptake (N, P, K and Na). Both yield formation and nutrient uptake significantly increased and almost gained levels of those in the control in the second pot experiment when plants were grown in peat-based substrates. Especially, the growth of Salvia was significantly improved. Consequently, the compost-based media (> 50% volume of compost) cannot be recommended for salt sensitive ornamental plants, while less than 25% of compost incorporated into peat creates peat-based substrates which reasonably enhanced growth of Pelargonium and Salvia. Keywords: ornamental plants, peat, additives, nutrient uptake, plant growth Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 214-220 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/804/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/804/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201305-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:5:id:804-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Baldi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Author-Name: M. Toselli Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Title: Root growth and survivorship in cow manure and compost amended soils Abstract: The effect of the application of compost and cow manure on nectarine (Prunus persica L.) root growth and survivorship was investigated in a commercial orchard during the growing seasons 2003, 2004 and 2005. Our main objective was to determine whether compost affects root dynamics differently than cow manure. The experiment was a complete randomized block design with four replicates of two treatments: cow manure and compost applied at planting in 2001 at 10 t dry weight (DW)/ha and from 2004 at the rate of 5 t DW/ha. The compost fertilization represented a yearly rate of 120 kg N/ha, while cow manure was approximately 80 kg N/ha/year. Both root growth and survival were evaluated at 20-day intervals during the growing season by the minirhizotron technique. Cow manure increased the production of new roots compared with compost (P ≤ 0.001). Roots were mainly produced at a depth of 21-40 cm for compost and 61-80 cm for cow manure. The root lifespan was longer in compost than in cow manure treated trees (P ≤ 0.05) and was strongly affected by depth. No differences were observed in root length and diameter. Keywords: Prunus persica, minirhizotron, organic fertilization, root lifespan, root dynamics Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 221-226 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/857/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/857/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201305-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:5:id:857-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Shaaban Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Author-Name: M. Abid Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Author-Name: R.A.I. Abou-Shanab Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Biotechnology, City of Scientific Research and Technology Title: Amelioration of salt affected soils in rice paddy system by application of organic and inorganic amendments Abstract: Combined application of organic and inorganic amendments was known to play a significant role in improvement of soil properties. A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of gypsum, farmyard manure and commercial humic acid application on the amelioration of salt affected (saline sodic) soil. During this study, soil pH, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, responses of root length and rice paddy yield were examined. Application of gypsum with or without farm manure and commercial humic acid decreased soil pH (8.26%), electrical conductivity (from 6.35 dS/m to 2.65 dS/m) and sodium adsorption ratio (from 26.56 to 11.60), and increased root length (from 9.17 cm to 22.6 cm) and paddy yield (from 695.7 kg/ha to 1644 kg/ha). A negative but significant correlation was observed between root length and electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio (r = -0.93; -0.94, respectively, P ≤ 0.05), whereas positive and significant correlation with paddy yield (r = 0.96; P ≤ 0.05). Keywords: gypsum, farmyard manure, commercial humic acid, soil properties, saline sodic soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 227-233 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/881/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/881/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201305-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:5:id:881-2012-PSE