Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kołodziejczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: B. Kulig Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: A. Oleksy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: A. Szmigiel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Title: The effectiveness of N-fertilization and microbial preparation on spring wheat Abstract: The efficiency of the application of microbial preparations enhancing soil properties as well as the diversified fertilization of spring wheat nitrogen was evaluated in the field experiment. Factors of the experiment referred to the levels of nitrogen fertilization: 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg/ha as well as the application of microbial preparations, namely, Proplantan (disaccharide, and polysaccharide, lactic acid, carotene, riboflavin, thiamine, amylase, sea salt, minerals), Effective microorganisms (milk bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, moulds) and UGmax microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes, macro- and microelements). The quantity of Nmin in the soil layer of 0-0.9 m ranged in respective years from 72.8 to 98.5 kg/ha before the spring wheat seeding and from 58.6.8 to 68.2 kg/ha after the crop was harvested, whereas the amount of N mineralization ranged from 18.9 to 53.3 kg/ha. Grain yields of wheat developed at a high level from 3.26 to 8.31 t/ha. To create the biomass, spring wheat plants absorbed nitrogen ranging from 78 kg N/ha in objects not fertilized to 184 kg N/ha in objects fertilized with the dose of 160 kg N/ha, and the share of nitrogen accumulated in the seeds amounted on average to 82% of the total uptake of that element. The highest N use efficiency, N physiological efficiency, N agronomic efficiency and N apparent recovery fraction were detected in objects fertilized with the dose of 40 kg N/ha. Each increase in the level of nitrogen fertilization affected lowering of the values of evaluated fertilization efficiency ratios. Keywords: grain yield, N uptake, N mineralization, performance indicators fertilization Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 335-341 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/659/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/659/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201308-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:8:id:659-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Holub Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Tůma Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Fiala Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Effect of fertilization on root growth in the wet submontane meadow Abstract: Root net primary productivity (RNPP) was assessed in the wet submontane meadow in the highland region of the Czech Republic. RNPP was studied from 1992 to 1995 with help of the in-growth core technique. The effect of different intensities of fertilization on root growth was covered. In comparison with unfertilized stands, the application of fertilizers (90 kg N/ha) resulted, mostly significantly, in greater root productivity (297 g/m2/year and 2.08 g/m2/day, on average). This represented an increase by 72% and 71%, respectively. Variability in the fraction of RNPP to total net primary productivity was examined. Results indicate that this fraction varied from 0.18 to 0.25 across the compared treatments and decreased with increasing fertilization. Data show how different roles can grasslands play in accumulation of plant matter due to different levels of fertilization. Keywords: biomass partitioning, grassland, effect of nutrients, net primary productivity, precipitation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 342-347 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/162/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/162/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201308-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:8:id:162-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Bharti Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India Author-Name: N. Pandey Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India Author-Name: D. Shankhdhar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India Author-Name: P.C. Srivastava Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India Author-Name: S.C. Shankhdhar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India Title: Improving nutritional quality of wheat through soil and foliar zinc application Abstract: A field study was conducted to ascertain the effect of three zinc (Zn) levels: 0, 20 kg ZnSO4/ha and 20 kg ZnSO4/ha + foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4, on wheat grain Zn content and factors contributing to or hindering in its bioavailability. Increasing Zn levels were established as serviceable in improving the nutritional status of genotypes. Soil application + foliar spray proved to be paramount for all the traits leading to an 80% increase in grain Zn content, 61.3% in methionine content and a decrease of 23.2% in phytic acid as an average of all genotypes and both years. The genotype UP 2382 was found more suited to Zn fertilization in allocating Zn and maintaining a lower phytate to Zn molar ratio. Keywords: phytic acid, zinc content, methionine, ascorbic acid, phytate to zinc molar ratio Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 348-352 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/158/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/158/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201308-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:8:id:158-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Repka Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: R. Fiala Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Čarná Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Pavlovkin Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Membrane potential differences and viability of grapevine root cells treated with HgCl2 Abstract: The effect of mercury (Hg) on the electrophysiological and permeability properties of grapevine adventitious root cells was examined. In short-term experiments, the apical segments of adventitious roots were treated with different concentrations of mercury (0.01 µmol/L to 2 µmol/L HgCl2), and trans-membrane electrical potential differences (EM) were monitored in root cortical cells, localized in distinct root zones. Based on Hg-induced decrease of EM, we can confirm that the depolarization of the membrane is an instant Hg-response and the extent of EM decrease is not only time- and concentration dependent, but also related to the developmental stage of cells and their localization on root axis. The sensitivity of root cells to Hg declined in the direction of cell division zone > cell elongation zone > absorption zone. Long-term treatment of roots with 2 µmol/L mercury showed that Hg-induced decrease of EM was accompanied by an increase of K+ efflux and a decrease of the diffusion potential (ED) values. Application of fusicoccin (H+-ATPase activator) to the root medium caused an immediate hyperpolarization of the membrane in control and Hg-treated cells. Laser scanning confocal microscopy analysis confirmed that Hg reduced cell viability, which was accompanied with the occurrence of cell death hallmarks, like condensation of protoplasts, nuclei fragmentation and deposition of granular material. Keywords: Vitis vinifera L. cv. Limberger, cell death, K+-efflux, trans-plasma membrane electrical potential difference Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 353-358 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/1/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201308-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:8:id:1-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Krzyżaniak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Development and Protection, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz, Poland Author-Name: J. Lemanowicz Author-Workplace-Name: Sub-Department of Biochemistry, Department of Soil Science and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz, Poland Title: Enzymatic activity of the Kuyavia Mollic Gleysols (Poland) against their chemical properties Abstract: The research results have shown that the enzyme pH index (0.49-0.83) confirmed the neutral or alkaline nature of the soils. Neither the changes in the content of available phosphorus nor in the activity of dehydrogenases, catalase, alkaline and acid phosphatase in soil were due to the factors triggering soil salinity; they were a result of the naturally high content of carbon of organic compounds, which was statistically verified with the analysis of correlation between the parameters. There were recorded highly significant values of the coefficients of correlation between the content of available phosphorus in soil and the activity of alkaline (r = 0.96; P < 0.05) and acid phosphatase (r = 0.91; P < 0.05) as well as dehydrogenase (r = 0.90; P < 0.05). To sum up, one can state that Mollic Gleysols in Inowrocław are the soils undergoing seasonal salinity; however, a high content of ions responsible for salinity is balanced with a high content of organic carbon, humus, phosphorus and calcium directly affecting the fertility of the soils analyzed. The activity of the enzymes depended on the natural content of carbon of organic compounds and not on the factors affecting the soil salinity, which points to the potential of such tests for soil environment monitoring. Keywords: phosphatases, dehydrogenases, catalase, salinity, cations, soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 359-365 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/211/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/211/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201308-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:8:id:211-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Hu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: M. Xie Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection, AnHui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei AnHui, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Yu Author-Workplace-Name: China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Q. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Transgenic Bt cotton tissues have no apparent impact on soil microorganisms Abstract: The impact of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton residues on soil microorganism communities was investigated. Leaves of three different varieties of transgenic Bt cotton and their near-isogenic lines were placed in soil and the numbers of indigenous soil microorganisms were measured with cultivation-dependent approaches under laboratory conditions. The soil samples were collected after 7, 14, 21, 28, 56 and 84 days of incubation. Numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the soil were measured by counting colony forming units after incubation on appropriate medium. Overall, although there were differences in bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi population between soil amended with Bt and non-Bt cotton throughout the whole incubation in three experiments, these differences were transient and not persistent from one sampling stage to the next. These results suggest that Bt-transgenic cotton tissues have no apparent impact on soil microorganism population. Keywords: risk assessment, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin, culturable microorganisms, microorganism population, residue decomposition Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 366-371 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/213/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/213/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201308-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:8:id:213-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Szulc Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: B. Rutkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Title: Diagnostics of boron deficiency for plants in reference to boron concentration in the soil solution Abstract: The determination of a range of boron concentration in the soil solution, evaluation of the effect of physico-chemical soil properties on boron concentration in the soil solution as well verification whether boron quantity in the soil solution is sufficient for nutritional needs of selected plants cultivated in Poland were comprised. Average boron concentration in the soil solution of Poland's cultivated soils ranges from 0.59 to 5.07 µmol/L and is differentiated by physico-chemical properties of soil. Taking into account decreasing effects of soil properties on the increase of boron concentration in the soil solution, the soil properties can be arranged as follows: organic C >soil abundance in available boron > soil texture > soil pH. The minimum boron quantity observed in the soil solution of Poland's cultivated soils was not sufficient to fulfil nutritional needs of the plants. The maximum boron quantity observed secured nutritional needs of cereals and potatoes but not those of rape plants and sugar beets. Based on the study it can be concluded that the measurement of the concentration of boron in the soil solution can be used in the diagnosis of deficiency of this element for crops. Keywords: boron, soil solution, plants, boron deficiency Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 372-377 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/306/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/306/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201308-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:8:id:306-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Šimek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Vaněk Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Jarolímek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Stočes Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Vogeltanzová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Using metadata formats and AGROVOC thesaurus for data description in the agrarian sector Abstract: The paper deals with a general solution of semantic description related to various electronic data formats in the domains of agriculture, aquaculture, forestry, food industry, environment, horticulture and rural areas. The solution presented was developed on the basis of metadata formats analysis and then complemented with its own software superstructure. It is based on the VOA3R metadata application profile (AP) that was developed within the framework of the Virtual Open Access Agriculture and Aquaculture Repository project for the sake of describing research papers and scientific publications. However, thanks to its complexity and comprehensiveness, it is also suitable for different kinds of data and while combining it with the AGROVOC thesaurus, which is elaborated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, it can become a robust and universal tool for data characteristics and semantic description. The potential of the proposed solution is illustrated by means of two examples. While the first example brings a metadata description of a photograph depicting anthocyanin pigmentation of barley straw caused by phosphorus deficiency, the second example is related to a research paper description. The developed system of metadata description is broadly applicable in agriculture such as in precision agriculture, in plant production or in ground cover monitoring and evaluation based on sensor or visual data. Keywords: Dublin Core, VOA3R, agrarian data description, open access, electronic data formats Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 378-384 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/261/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/261/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201308-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:8:id:261-2013-PSE