Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Kaplan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Najmanová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The influence of slow-release fertilizers on potted chrysanthemum growth and nutrient consumption Abstract: In a two-year vegetation experiment, the effects of fertilizer with two slow nutrient releasing mechanisms on the growth of outdoor grown potted chrysanthemums (Multiflora group Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum) as well as on their uptake of the nutrients N, P, K, were studied. In this experiment, coated fertilizer with a controlled nutrient release effect (CRF) - Basacote 6M and fertilizer with a slow soluble nutrients (SRF) - Lovogreen NPK were tested. In the control variant, Kristalon Blue fertilizer was regularly applied in a solution form. From this experiment, the suitability of a onetime application of a slow nutrient - releasing fertilizer to potted chrysanthemums was ascertained. The fertilizers with a slow nutrient release effect were shown to ensure better plant growth during vegetation as well as a higher biomass weight and nutrient consumption level. From the onset of vegetation, the highest rates of biomass growth and nutrient consumption by plants were evident in the (CRF) - Basacote 6M fertilizer treatment. Keywords: Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura, nutrient, controlled-release fertilizer, nitrogen, growth response Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 385-391 Volume: 59 Issue: 9 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/45/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/45/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201309-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:9:id:45-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Sedlář Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Peklová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Kubešová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Dynamics of the nitrogen uptake by spring barley at injection application of nitrogen fertilizers Abstract: Influence of CULTAN system (controlled uptake long term ammonium nutrition) on the nitrogen uptake by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was observed at 5-year small-plot field experiments under conditions of the Czech Republic (central Europe). Nitrogen uptake by CULTAN-fertilized plants was more even during vegetation period probably due to delayed term of fertilizer application. Nitrogen concentration in the aboveground biomass at BBCH 51 and in straw had no effect on grain yield. Post-heading nitrogen uptake as well as contribution of nitrogen translocation to total nitrogen in grain did not differ among both nitrogen fertilization treatments. Increase in grain size of spring barley by the CULTAN system can be explained by tendency to lower number of ears per area rather than by prolonged nitrogen uptake from soil. Lower protein content in grain of CULTAN-fertilized spring barley can be caused by increase in grain retained on a 2.5 mm sieve and also decrease in total nitrogen concentration in above-ground biomass at BBCH 51. No significant effect of CULTAN treatment on nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake efficiency was recorded. Significantly higher nitrogen utilization efficiency at CULTAN treatment could be explained by lower grain protein content compared to conventional treatment. Keywords: depot, nitrification, nitrate, leaching and losses, nitrogen assimilation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 392-397 Volume: 59 Issue: 9 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/76/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/76/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201309-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:9:id:76-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: X.X. Dong Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: L.L. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.J. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: H.W. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: P. Gong Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Title: The response of nitrifier, N-fixer and denitrifier gene copy numbers to the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate Abstract: A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to examine the effects of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on the transformation of urea-N and associated microbial communities in a low-fertility brown soil. The soil was supplied with urea at 180 kg N/ha and DMPP at 0, 1.8 or 18 kg/ha, while soil that was not supplied with urea and DMPP was treated as the control. Soil mineral nitrogen (NH4+-N and NO3--N) was measured at regular intervals, and temporal variations in the population sizes of nitrogen-cycling microbes were determined using real-time PCR. Compared to the urea-alone treatment, the additional application of DMPP maintained significantly higher (P < 0.05) NH4+-N concentrations and lower NO3--N (P < 0.05) concentrations in the soil and decreased the population sizes of ammonia oxidizing and denitrifying microbes but promoted the growth of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The results suggest that the application of DMPP is beneficial in improving the availability of fertilizer-N for plant uptake. This study is the first comprehensive investigation to examine the effects of DMPP on the functional microorganisms that are important in nitrogen-cycling processes. Keywords: ammonia oxidizing bacteria, ammonia oxidizing archaea, nitrogen cycling, RT-PCR Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 398-403 Volume: 59 Issue: 9 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/165/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/165/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201309-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:9:id:165-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Kalmár Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: L. Bottlik Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: I. Kisić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: C. Gyuricza Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: M. Birkás Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Title: Soil protecting effect of the surface cover in extreme summer periods Abstract: It was to investigate the effects of mulch cover and stubble tillage on soil water content and to assess grounds of recommendations in stubble management in an extreme dry period. Tests were carried out in undisturbed (U) soil, after shallow (S) and deep (D) tillage, soil with (UCO, SCO, DCO) and without surface cover (UCL, SCL, DCL) and after conventional stubble treatment (STR). Effective moisture conservation (8-11%) was observed in undisturbed soil under 55% and 65% cover ratios. The water content in the top 0.65 m soil layer increased significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) between the different stubble variants, the following order was established on day 85: DCL < STR < SCL < UCL < DCO < SCO < UCO. The conventional stubble management cannot be applied in soils after shallow (STR) or deep tillage (DCL) in a dry season, when the loss of water is even statistically proven. Leaving the soil without a cover (UCL) or having it with insufficient cover (< 15%) entails risks in soils. Increasing the soil cover ratio (from 5% to 75%) had a 1.3-2.3 times stronger impact on crumb forming than did the moisture recorded in the various seasons. Keywords: summer tillage, stubble residues, moisture conservation, climate Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 404-409 Volume: 59 Issue: 9 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/176/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/176/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201309-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:9:id:176-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Ratnakumar Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra, India Author-Name: G. Rajendrudu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, College of Biological and Earth Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India Author-Name: P.M. Swamy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, College of Biological and Earth Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India Title: Photosynthesis and growth responses of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to salinity at elevated CO2 Abstract: Four peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (cvs. TPT-1, TPT-4, JL-24 and TMV-2) were grown in open-top chambers at 350 and 600 µmol CO2/mol in soil amended with 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 mmol solutions of NaCl. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E) and dry biomass of leaf, stem and root were measured on 60 days after sowing. The plant growth and photosynthesis increased in both NaCl treated and control plants with elevated CO2. The gs and E decreased under elevated CO2 and the CO2 effect was highly significant under salt stress mitigating the adverse effect on these components in all the four cultivars tested. A positive correlation was observed between Pn and dry biomass under elevated CO2 and salt stress. Enhanced CO2 helps to increase growth and photosynthesis in peanut cultivars and it ameliorates the adverse effects induced by salt stress. Keywords: elevated carbon dioxide, net assimilation, stomatal conductance, NaCl, legume Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 410-416 Volume: 59 Issue: 9 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/182/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/182/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201309-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:9:id:182-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Zemanová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Pavlík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The changes of contents of selected free amino acids associated with cadmium stress in Noccaea caerulescens and Arabidopsis halleri Abstract: Changes of free amino acid (AA) contents (glutamic acid, glutamine, aspartic acid, asparagines, proline, hydroxyproline) in Noccaea caerulescens and Arabidopsis halleri under cadmium soil contamination (Cd1 = 30, Cd2 = 60, Cd3 = 90 mg/kg soil) are reported. Results of the pot experiment confirmed different effect of Cd on N. caerulescens in contrast to A. halleri and the higher stress adaptation of A. halleri. Total free AA contents in both plant species were not significantly modified by Cd contamination. The glutamic acid and glutamate contents in plant biomass were decreased under Cd2 and Cd3 stress. The declines of contents of both AA can be caused by intensive syntheses of plant defense elicitors, but declines in A. halleri were significantly lower in contrast to N. caerulescens. The content of aspartic acid was increased in N. caerulescens under Cd stress, but in A. halleri its changes were not observed. The different pathways of nitrogen utilization of tested plants were confirmed: the major AA forms used for nitrogen transport are glutamate for N. caerulescens and asparagine for A. halleri. The increase of proline content was determined only in N. caerulescens growing under Cd stress in the beginning of growing period. Keywords: heavy metals, nitrogen-transport amino acids, Thlaspi caerulescens Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 417-422 Volume: 59 Issue: 9 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/403/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/403/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201309-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:9:id:403-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kumhálová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Kumhála Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Novák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Š. Matějková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biomathematics and Databases, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Airborne laser scanning data as a source of field topographical characteristics Abstract: One of the factors frequently affecting yields is topography. Topographic data can be obtained from various sources with different precision. This work evaluates suitability of airborne laser scanning data for use as another source of topographical characteristics creation in a smaller scale in regards to precision agriculture needs. Simple models of elevation, slope and flow accumulation were created and the correlation between yield and topography was determined over a seven-year period in relation to precipitations and temperature. The suitability of airborne laser scanning data was proved with certain limitations. Flow accumulation model derived from original airborne laser scanning data indicated the right trend of flow accumulation but not as clearly compared to other models. In drier years the correlation coefficients between flow accumulation and yield reached up to 60-70%. Keywords: GIS, digital terrain models, flow accumulation, yield, weather conditions Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 423-431 Volume: 59 Issue: 9 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/188/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/188/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201309-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:9:id:188-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Adamczewski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Institute, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: R. Kierzek Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Institute, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: K. Matysiak Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Institute, Poznan, Poland Title: Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) biotypes resistant to acetolactate synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors in Poland Abstract: The aim of the study was to collect seeds of wild oat from the fields where, in spite of the applied herbicides, the weed is very poorly controlled, and to determine under greenhouse conditions if any resistant biotypes are present. In the years 2008-2011, 34 samples of wild oat were collected from fields where the weed was poorly controlled. The biotypes were analyzed in greenhouse experiments to determine if they are resistant to herbicides. Among five resistant biotypes three of them (R3, R4 and R5) were resistant only to iodosulfuron and mesosulfuron, and biotype R2 - only to propoxycarbazone-sodium. Biotype R1 exhibited multiple resistance to iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron and pinoxaden. The use of sulfometuron proves that the mechanism of resistance of two biotypes of wild oat (R1 and R4) to acetolactate synthase inhibitors is associated with target-site mutation. The curve of biotypes R3 and R5 controlled with iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron shows a relatively low resistance index and control of those biotypes with sulfometuron indicates a metabolic resistance. Keywords: herbicides, resistance index, multiple resistance, target-site mutation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 432-437 Volume: 59 Issue: 9 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/177/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/177/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201309-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:9:id:177-2013-PSE