Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Lemanowicz Author-Workplace-Name: Sub-Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland Title: Mineral fertilisation as a factor determining selected sorption properties of soil against the activityof phosphatases Abstract: The paper presents the contents of phosphorus and potassium available in soil, soil sorption properties against the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase. The fertilisation applied involved P, K, Mg, Ca and S: (P K Mg Ca S), (K Mg Ca S), (P Mg Ca S), (P K Ca S), (P K Mg S), (P K Mg Ca) as well as nitrogen fertilisation at the following rates: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 kg N/ha. The application of high nitrogen rates with no liming applied resulted in an unfavourable increase in hydrolytic acidity and a decrease in the total bases, cation exchange capacity as well as the sorption complex saturation with bases. According to the criteria provided in PN-R-04023, the soil investigated can be classified as the 3rd class with an average available phosphorus (PE-R). The analysis of Luvisol salinity demonstrated that the unbalanced mineral fertilisation applied did not trigger any chemical degradation. Significant values of the coefficients of correlation were recorded between the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase and the parameters investigated (hydrolytic acidity, total exchangeable, base stauration, PE-R). The calculated enzymatic index of soil pH (AlP/AcP) ranged from 0.11 to 0.72. Keywords: phosphorus, potassium, alkaline and acid phosphatases, Luvisol, chemical properties Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 439-445 Volume: 59 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/767/2012-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/767/2012-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201310-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:10:id:767-2012-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Jamnická Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Ľ. Ditmarová Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: D. Kurjak Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kmeť Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: E. Pšidová Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Macková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: D. Gömöry Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: K. Střelcová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: The soil hydrogel improved photosynthetic performance of beech seedlings treated under drought Abstract: The effect of soil amendment with the STOCKOSORB®500 MICRO hydrophilic polymer on the photosynthetic traits in beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.) during 50 days of dehydration was investigated. Dehydration was detected through osmotic potential (Ψs) in the assimilatory organs of beech seedlings. The addition of Stockosorb positively affected the CO2 assimilation rate (A) and instantaneous water use efficiency (A/T), for severely drought-treated seedlings. In comparison with irrigated plants, the values of A of non-irrigated plants with Stockosorb substrate decreased by 50%, and in non-irrigated plants with common substrate by 88%. The fast kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence indicated chronic photoinhibition under drought treatment without Stockosorb, while no significant changes in maximal quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) were recorded under drought treatment with Stockosorb. The actual quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) markedly decreased in both treatments - with and without Stockosorb, though significant differences were found only between control treatments and drought treatment without Stockosorb. Moreover, the thermal energy dissipation (NPQ) was strongly limited under severe drought stress. The capacity to down regulate PSII functionality through non-photochemical quenching was maintained under drought treatment with Stockosorb. The results indicate that an amendment with soil conditioner significantly improved the photosynthetic performance of drought-stressed beech seedlings. Keywords: Fagus sylvatica L., chlorophyll a fluorescence, water stress, gas-exchange parameters, stockosorb Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 446-451 Volume: 59 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/170/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/170/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201310-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:10:id:170-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Marinou Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Organic Greenhouse Crops and Floriculture, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Heraklion, Greece Author-Name: A. Chrysargyris Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece Author-Name: N. Tzortzakis Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Organic Greenhouse Crops and Floriculture, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Heraklion, Greece Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus Title: Use of sawdust, coco soil and pumice in hydroponically grown strawberry Abstract: Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) plants were grown hydroponically in different ratio of sawdust (Saw-100), coco soil (Coc-100) and/or pumice (Pum-100) mixtures. Leaf number doubled in plants grown in Saw-100 while runners (stolons) number increased up to 70% in plants grown in Coc-100 compared with the control treatment (Pum-100). Fruit number increased (up to 50%) in plants grown in Pum-100. Leaf stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and internal concentration of CO2 differentiated according to the plant vegetative or reproductive stage and/or substrate medium. Leaf and stem fresh weight as well as leaf area was increased (up to 32, 24 and 44%, respectively) in case of Coc-100 compared with the Saw-100 or Pum-100. Plant yield was doubled when Pum-Saw (50-50) was used compared with the Saw-100, which is due to the reduced fruit number produced rather than the difference in fruit fresh weight. Substrate affected fruit quality parameters. The present findings highlight the putative use of organic medium i.e. Sawdust on top of the widely used coco soil as substrate medium in strawberry culture. Keywords: organic materials, plant growth, soilless culture, yield, marketability Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 452-459 Volume: 59 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/297/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/297/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201310-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:10:id:297-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Patkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology and Mycology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: M. Konopiński Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Cultivation and Fertilization of Horticultural Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Title: Effect of cover crops on the microorganisms communities in the soil under scorzonera cultivation Abstract: The purpose of the studies was to determine the microorganisms communities in the soil under scorzonera cultivation with the cover crops using. The greatest total CFU of bacteria occurred in the soil from the experimental combination where oat ploughed over in spring or autumn was the cover crops. The smallest total CFU of bacteria was obtained after ploughing over the mulch of tansy phacelia. The use of oats and spring vetch had a positive effect on the population of bacteria from the genera of Bacillus and Pseudomonas. The smallest CFU of fungi was obtained from the soil where oat constituted the mulch. Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, F. culmorum, Haematonectria haematococca and Thanatephorus cucumeris were most frequently isolated from the soil. The most isolates of the enumerated fungi were obtained from the soil cultivated in a conventional cultivation and after ploughing over the mulch of tansy phacelia plants. The most antagonistic bacteria and fungi occurred in the soil after ploughing over the mulch of oat, while the least in the conventionally cultivated soil. Keywords: oat, spring vetch, tansy phacelia, fungi, bacteria Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 460-464 Volume: 59 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/408/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/408/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201310-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:10:id:408-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Hamouz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Pazderů Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hejtmánková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Cimr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Musilová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: V. Pivec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Orsák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Svobodová Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute, Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Title: Effect of cultivar, location and method of cultivation on the content of chlorogenic acid in potatoes with different flesh colour Abstract: In precise field trials in the years 2010 and 2011 the effect of genotype and location in cultivars with yellow, white, purple or red flesh on the content of chlorogenic acid (CA) and in 2011 and 2012 the effect of organic cultivation were evaluated. The results show a statistically significant effect of genotype to CA content, which ranged from 74.0 mg/kg fresh matter (FM) (Agria) to 825 mg/kg FM (Vitelotte). Demonstrable effect of flesh colour on CA content between cultivars with coloured flesh was found (430 mg/kg FM) in comparison with cultivars with yellow or white flesh (71.1 mg/kg FM). For cultivars with coloured flesh rather the genotype specific cultivar ruled than the purple or red flesh colour. In terms of the influence of location, higher CA levels were found on warm locations with frequent periods of drought in comparison with locations of high altitude climatic conditions which are favourable for potato cultivation. In the organically grown potatoes significantly higher levels of CA were found as compared with conventional treatment. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, potato cultivars, white, yellow and coloured potato tubers, organic farming, year of cultivation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 465-471 Volume: 59 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/460/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/460/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201310-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:10:id:460-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Roitner-Schobesberger Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: H.-P. Kaul Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Title: Source capacity during flowering affects grain yield of amaranth (Amaranthus sp.) Abstract: Amaranth is a promising C4-crop. However, for a wider spread of the crop a better understanding of factors that are influencing yield formation is crucial for optimizing the plant phenotype and enhancing yield. The present study wanted to clarify the effects of assimilate sources and sinks on yield formation by artificially altering source or sink size. Field experiments were conducted in Eastern Austria during three years with three genotypes, applying source-sink manipulation treatments at mid flowering (control, 50% of inflorescence removed, 50% or 100% of leaves removed). At maturity we measured shoot, inflorescence and grain dry matter, thousand kernel mass and number of seeds per plant. An average grain yield level of about 3.5 t/ha dry matter on control plots indicated favorable growth conditions for amaranth in general. The removal of all leaves had a strong detrimental effect on all parameters, but severity of yield reduction due to defoliation differed between genotypes, ranging from -49% to -73%. Contrastingly, 50% flower reduction did not have any significant effects. Also with 50% defoliation no significant yield reduction was observed. We conclude that source strength of amaranth during flowering is more yield limiting than its sink capacity. Keywords: grain amaranth, source/sink manipulation, defoliation, flower reduction, yield components Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 472-477 Volume: 59 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/528/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/528/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201310-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:10:id:528-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Singh Author-Workplace-Name: Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India Author-Name: P.C. Sharma Author-Workplace-Name: Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India Author-Name: S.K. Sharma Author-Workplace-Name: Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India Author-Name: A. Kumar Author-Workplace-Name: Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India Title: Standardization of the fourier transform near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy for estimation of some oil quality parameters in mustard (Brassica spp.) Abstract: The possibility of the application of the fourier transform near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to the analysis of the selected quality parameters in the mustard oil was followed to determine oil, protein, erucic acid and crude fibre content at the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India. The samples were analysed by reference methods and by the fourier transformed near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscope at integrating sphere within reflectance mode in the wavelength range 10 000-4000/cm (1000-2500 nm) with 32 scans. To develop the calibration model for the examined components, the partial least square was used and this model was validated by full cross validation. The coefficients of determination (r2) for intact seeds were 0.907, 0.922, 0.902 and 0.903 for oil, protein, erucic acid and crude fibre content, respectively thus showing that NIRS calibrations are applicable for the estimation of seed quality parameters which is highly desirable in Brassica breeding programs for a quick and non-destructive analysis of oil, protein, erucic acid and crude fibre contents in intact seed. Keywords: mustard, oil content, near-infrared spectroscopy, calibration, validation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 478-483 Volume: 59 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/376/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/376/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201310-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:59:y:2013:i:10:id:376-2013-PSE