Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K.K. Hua Author-Workplace-Name: Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: B. Zhu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: X.G. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: X.S. Guo Author-Workplace-Name: Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China Author-Name: D.Z. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.B. Guo Author-Workplace-Name: Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China Title: Effect of long-term fertilization on soil aggregate-associated dissolved organic nitrogen on sloping cropland of purple soil Abstract: To investigate the effect of fertilization practice on dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in aggregates, the study was conducted and involved four fertilization treatments: no fertilizer; mineral fertilizer (MF); pig manure matched with mineral fertilizer (MFP) and crop straw matched with mineral fertilizer (MFR). The results showed that DON content and storage were the highest in > 5 mm aggregates and were the lowest in < 0.25 mm aggregates. Compared with MF, MFP and MFR significantly increased DON contents in > 5 mm by 404.7% and 184.4%. In comparison with MFR, DON content and storage in > 5 mm aggregates for MFP were significantly enhanced by 77.5% and 75.0%. A significantly positive linear correlation relationship between DON content and microbial biomass carbon content was observed in aggregates (R2 = 0.84; P < 0.01). The results suggest that pig manure matched with mineral fertilizer is a preferred strategy for retaining DON nutrient due to enhanced microbial biomass in aggregates on sloping upland of purple soil. Keywords: cropland, mineral fertilizer, manure, crop straw, microbial biomass Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 51-56 Volume: 60 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/881/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/881/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201402-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:2:id:881-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R.W. Neugschwandtner Author-Workplace-Name: Divisionof Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln, Austria Author-Name: P. Liebhard Author-Workplace-Name: Divisionof Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln, Austria Author-Name: H.-P. Kaul Author-Workplace-Name: Divisionof Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln, Austria Author-Name: H. Wagentristl Author-Workplace-Name: Experimental Farm, Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Groß-Enzersdorf, Austria Title: Soil chemical properties as affected by tillage and crop rotation in a long-term field experiment Abstract: Long-term field experiments are important for explaining tillage and rotation effects on soil fertility and to develop sustainable nutrient management strategies. An experiment was established in 1996 in Raasdorf (Austria) on chernozem with four tillage treatments (mouldboard ploughing (MP); no-till; deep conservation tillage and shallow conservation tillage) and two crop rotations. Soil samples were taken in November 2003 from 10 cm soil layers down to 40 cm to assess the effects on pH, carbonate content (CaCO3), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (Nt), potentially mineralizable N (PMN) and plant-available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Soil pH and CaCO3 were not affected by soil tillage. SOC, Nt, PMN, P and K increased in the uppermost soil layer with reduced tillage intensity. SOC, Nt, P and K were more evenly distributed in MP whereas a generally higher decline downwards the soil profile was observed with lower tillage intensity. Lower tillage intensity resulted in a decrease of P and K in 30-40 cm. Rotation affected pH and K distribution in the soil whereas the other parameters were not affected. Keywords: pH, carbonate, soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 57-62 Volume: 60 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/879/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/879/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201402-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:2:id:879-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kaur Author-Workplace-Name: Sub Divisional Soil and Water Conservation Department, Ludhiana, India Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India Author-Name: J.P. Singh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India Title: Long-term effects of continuous cropping and different nutrient management practices on the distribution of organic nitrogen in soil under rice-wheat system Abstract: A long-term experiment was used to evaluate the effects of different nutrient management practices on the distribution of soil organic N fractions and their contribution to N nutrition of a rice-wheat system. Continuous rice-wheat cultivation for 13 years without any fertilization was unable to maintain total soil nitrogen level to its original level and resulted in a decrease at 8.3 mg N/kg/year. Likewise, amino acid N, amino sugar N, ammonia N, hydrolysable unknown N, total hydrolysable N and non-hydrolysable N decreased by 37.2, 29.6, 33.7, 10.4, 26.6 and 20.4%, respectively over their initial status. However, application of inorganic fertilizers alone or in combination with organic manures led to a marked increase in total N and its fractions. The increase in total N with the application of farmyard manure, press mud and green manure along with inorganic fertilizer over treatment with inorganic fertilizer alone was 23.1, 34.4 and 7.0%, respectively. These results imply that integrated use of inorganic fertilizers with organic manures represent a sound practice for sustaining N reserves in soil. On average, amino acid-N, amino sugar-N, ammonia-N and hydrolysable unknown-N constituted about 27.9, 10.7, 28.7 and 32.7% of the total hydrolysable-N, respectively. Keywords: organic manures, burnt rice husk, hydrolysable N fractions, non-hydrolysable N fractions Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 63-68 Volume: 60 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/440/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/440/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201402-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:2:id:440-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Patkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology and Mycology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: M. Konopiński Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Cultivation and Fertilization of Horticultural Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Title: Antagonistic bacteria in the soil after cover crops cultivation Abstract: The purpose of the studies was to establish the quantitative composition of bacteria Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. and their antagonistic effect towards soil-borne fungi after the cultivation of oats, spring vetch and tansy phacelia as intercrop cover plants. The total population of bacteria in 1 g dry weight of the soil from the experimental combination where mulch of oats was used was larger than in the combination with spring vetch or tansy phacelia. Totally, approximately three times as much Bacillus spp. was obtained from soil samples as compared to Pseudomonas spp. Tests showed that the most isolates of antagonistic bacteria out of the enumerated genera occurred in the soil after oats cultivation, and the least in the soil after the cultivation of tansy phacelia. Antagonistic Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. inhibited the growth and development of Fusarium oxysporum, Haematonectria haematococca and Thanatephorus cucumeris in the most effective way. The greatest total antagonistic effect of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. towards Altenaria alternata, F. culmorum, F. oxysporum, H. haematococca, P. irregulare and T. cucumeris was found out after managing the mulch of oats. The smallest total antagonistic effect of bacteria was observed after managing the mulch of tansy phacelia. Keywords: Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., soil fungi, antagonistic activity, mulching Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 69-73 Volume: 60 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/774/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/774/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201402-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:2:id:774-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Krebstein Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Author-Name: K. von Janowsky Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Hygiene and Environment, Hamburg, Germany Author-Name: J. Kuht Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Author-Name: E. Reintam Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Title: The effect of tractor wheeling on the soil properties and root growth of smooth brome Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of tractor wheeling with a light tractor on the root growth and soil properties of smooth brome in South Estonia. Field experiment was conducted on sandy loam Haplic Luvisol in 2007. Data were collected during September 2008 in both an uncompacted and compacted area. Because of the compaction, the precompression stress increased in the upper soil layer (0-10 cm) by 12.6% and 15.2% at a depth of 10-20 cm. Compaction had only a minor effect on the bulk density, values increased 4.7% in the upper soil layer and 1.8% in the deeper layer. Differences in the saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) were not significant; however, the decrease in the ks was 26.6% in the upper level and 12.5% in the deeper (10-20 cm) layer. At a depth of 0 to 30 cm compaction decreased the root length by 44.7% and the root mass by 60.5% compared with the uncompacted soil. Altogether, this study confirms the unfavourable effect of wheeling on grasslands even when the wheeling is performed with a light tractor on dry soil. Keywords: precompression stress, bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, root length and mass Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 74-79 Volume: 60 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/804/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/804/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201402-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:2:id:804-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.R. Rivelli Author-Workplace-Name: School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy Author-Name: M. Puschenreiter Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: S. De Maria Author-Workplace-Name: School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy Title: Assessment of cadmium uptake and nutrient content in sunflower plants grown under Cd stress Abstract: Sunflower plants were grown on soil contaminated with several levels of Cd (from 0.3 to 15 mg Cd kg/soil). Cd and nutrient (Cu, Zn, Fe, Ca, K, Mg) contents were evaluated in root and aboveground biomass during the vegetative growth period (from the emergence of the cotyledon leaves to the flower bud phase). An overall increase of Cd content was found in the plants during the growing cycle. Significant interactions were found between Cd contamination levels and phenological stages for Cu, Fe, Ca and Mg content in the whole plant. Cd levels involved significant increases of such nutrients only at the flower bud phase. At this stage, significant interactions between Cd levels in soil and plant portions (root and shoot) were found only for micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe). The translocation of micronutrients from root to the shoot was negatively affected by Cd, which probably interferes with the mechanisms of the element transport in the plant. Root stored about 70% of the total Cd and showed greater imbalance in nutrient content compared to the aboveground portion. Cadmium affects plant nutritive status in a different way depending on Cd contamination level, nutrient considered, plant portion and phenological stage. Keywords: Helianthus annuus L., metal translocation, nutrient uptake, nutrient imbalances, phytoremediation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 80-86 Volume: 60 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/520/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/520/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201402-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:2:id:520-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Šípková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Coufalík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Zvěřina Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Kacálková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Mercury distribution and mobility in contaminated soils from vicinity of waste incineration plant Abstract: The potential bioavailability of Hg from soil might be estimated by a variety of chemical extraction procedures, differing in the extraction agent, its concentration, the sample weight, and the time of extraction. In this study, a comparative analysis of several extraction methods, commonly used for obtaining the mobile and potentially mobilizable phase of the mercury was carried out. Concentrated HNO3, 0.01 mol/L Na2S2O3, 0.05 mol/L EDTA and 0.11 mol/L CH3COOH were used as the single extraction agents. Moreover, the sequential extraction was performed. This procedure involved the following fractions: water soluble Hg, Hg extracted in acidic conditions, Hg bound to humic substances, elemental Hg and mercury bound to complexes, and residual Hg. The results showed that even strong acid HNO3 is unable to release the mercury tightly bound to the soil matrix. This particular method with microwave digestion is commonly used for the estimation of anthropogenic pollution. Conversely, the lowest mercury yield was obtained using the acetic acid as the single extraction agent. In this case, the concentrations were below 0.15% of the total Hg content, which is a proportion generally defined as bioavailable to plants. Keywords: bioavailability, extraction methods, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, advanced mercury analyzer AMA-254 Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 87-92 Volume: 60 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/634/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/634/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201402-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:2:id:634-2013-PSE