Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Baldi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Author-Name: M. Toselli Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Title: Mineralization dynamics of different commercial organic fertilizers from agro-industry organic waste recycling: an incubation experiment Abstract: The mineralization process of different commercial organic fertilizers was investigated in controlled laboratory conditions. The soil was mixed with the following organic fertilizers: Emos CAP®, Organ CAP®, Sic Stal® and urea (as a control) at the rate of 300 mg N/kg dry soil. Emos CAP® is made of cattle and poultry manure, meat, bone meal and dried blood, Organ CAP® is a product made of leather and skins, while Sic Stal® contains cow and horse manure. During the incubation the concentration of NO3--N, NH4+-N, microbial biomass and carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions were determined. All fertilizers showed a peak of NH4+-N after 7 days from the beginning of the test. The decomposition of Sic Stal® caused a rapid rise of CO2 production associated to the growth of microbial biomass while Emos CAP® promoted a release of N2O in the first 16 days. In conclusion, all the commercial organic fertilizers tested can be considered fertilizers with a fast release of N, among them Emos CAP® and Sic Stal® allow a rapid N supply to plants while Organ CAP® could be used when the N request of plants is not immediate. Keywords: NO3--N, NH4+-N, microbial biomass, N2O, CO2, NH3 Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 93-99 Volume: 60 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/735/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/735/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201403-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:3:id:735-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. Feng Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: T. Ning Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: Z. Li Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: B. Han Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: H. Han Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Agro-technology Extension Center of Longkou City, Longkou, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: T. Sun Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Title: Effects of tillage practices and rate of nitrogen fertilization on crop yield and soil carbon and nitrogen Abstract: We conducted field experiments since 2006 to determine the effect of tillage practices and rate of nitrogen fertilization on soil properties and crop yield. Four tillage practices and five N rates were used. The results showed that the year-round total yield of wheat and maize under harrow tillage (HT) and rotary tillage (RT) was not significantly different from that of conventional tillage (CT, moldboard tillage) but was higher than that of no-tillage (NT). Reduced tillage (HT and RT) with straw returned and rate of nitrogen (157.5 kg/ha for wheat and 202.5 kg/ha N for maize) were suitable to increase the yield and adjust the soil carbon and nitrogen situation for the winter wheat-summer maize cropping system. Keywords: wheat, maize, straw returned, N fertilization Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 100-104 Volume: 60 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/820/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/820/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201403-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:3:id:820-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K.F.M. Fernandes Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomic Institute, Campinas, Brazil Author-Name: R.S. Berton Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomic Institute, Campinas, Brazil Author-Name: A.R. Coscione Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomic Institute, Campinas, Brazil Title: Selenium biofortification of rice and radish: effect of soil texture and efficiency of two extractants Abstract: The addition of essential elements to human health by mineral fertilization is considered a promising strategy for biofortification. A greenhouse experiment was carried out where amounts equivalent to 0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0 kg/ha of selenium (Se), as sodium selenite, were added to two soils with contrasting textures to evaluate the increase in Se concentration on the edible parts of rice (grain) and radish (roots) plants. Two extractors (KCl and KH2PO4) were also evaluated in their efficiency in predicting available Se to the two species. Total Se concentration in plants increased significantly with the amounts of Se added to both soils showing that selenite can be used for biofortification of these crops. Selenium availability was higher on sandy soil than on sandy clay soil. Se extraction with KCl presented better performance than KH2PO4 in predicting Se phytoavailability for rice and radish. Keywords: selenite, clay content, human health, phytoavailability, micronutrient Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 105-110 Volume: 60 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/823/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/823/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201403-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:3:id:823-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Mathpal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India Author-Name: P.C. Srivastava Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India Author-Name: A.K. Shukla Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Bhopal, India Author-Name: D. Shankhdhar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India Author-Name: S.C. Shankhdhar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India Title: Enrichment of 65Zn in two contrasting rice genotypes under varying methods of zinc application Abstract: Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for growth and development of almost all organisms and its deficiency severely affects the health of plants, animals and humans. In order to investigate the enrichment of Zn in cereals a pot experiment was performed in two contrasting rice varieties viz., PD16 (zinc efficient) and NDR359 (zinc inefficient) under different levels of zinc regimes such as control (0 Zn), soil application (5 mg Zn/kg soil tagged with 3.7 MBq of 65Zn/pot), foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 at 30, 60 and 90 days (925 KBq of 65Zn/pot), soil application (5 mg Zn/kg soil tagged with 3.7 MBq of 65Zn/pot) + foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 at 30, 60 and 90 days (925 KBq of 65Zn/pot). Both varieties markedly differ in 65Zn accumulation and grain Zn content. NDR359 showed poor translocation efficiency and accumulated relatively less 65Zn in all the plant parts. In both rice varieties, highest concentration of Zn in dehusked grains could be obtained with soil application of Zn + foliar spray of zinc sulphate. Though NDR359, a zinc inefficient variety exhibited poor zinc translocation efficiency yet, it contained more Zn content in grains with husk and dehusked grains than PD16. Keywords: zinc uptake, translocation, accumulation, rice grains Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 111-116 Volume: 60 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/824/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/824/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201403-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:3:id:824-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Stępień Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: E.B. Górska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: S. Pietkiewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Author-Name: M.H. Kalaji Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Title: Long-term mineral fertilization impact on chemical and microbiological properties of soil and Miscanthus × giganteus yield Abstract: This experimental work was undertaken to assess the effect of various fertilization regimes (CaNPK, NPK, CaPK, CaPN, CaKN and Ca) and different soil properties on growth and yield of Miscanthus plants and to check the impact of this plant on soil microbial characteristics. Field experiment was set up in 2003 on a long-term fertilization experiment, which had been established since 1923. Miscanthus giganteus response to high soil acidity and deficiency of N, P and K was investigated. Some physico-chemical and microbiological properties of soil samples were estimated and microbial characteristics of soil were conducted to investigate the number of the following microorganisms: heterotrophic bacteria, microscopic fungi, and some diazotrophic bacteria. Obtained results showed that, the highest yield of Miscanthus was obtained from the field fertilized with the CaNPK; while the lowest one was found for plants grown without nitrogen (CaPK). The high acidity of soil and small amount of phosphorus did not affect the yields in the NPK and CaKN combinations as compared with CaNPK one. The experiments showed that Miscanthus giganteus responded positively to mineral fertilization, especially with nitrogen. The rhizosphere of Miscanthus plants provides a suitable environment for the growth and development of microorganisms, in contrast to the non-rhizosphere zone. Keywords: energetic plant, microbial characteristics of soil, nutrients in plant and soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 117-122 Volume: 60 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/890/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/890/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201403-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:3:id:890-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Symanowicz Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: S. Kalembasa Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: W. Skorupka Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: M. Niedbała Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland Title: The changes of enzymatic activity of soil under eastern galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) after NPKCa fertilization Abstract: Changes in the enzymatic activity of soil variably fertilized with NPKCa were investigated in a field experiment carried out in 2005-2010. The study was conducted with a legume plant, i.e. eastern galega (Galega orientalis Lam.). The experiment was completely randomized and carried out in three replications with the following mineral fertilization: control, N, P, K, NPK, NP, NK, PK, NPKCa, PKCa, Ca, NKCa, and NPCa. Mineral fertilization was applied in kg/ha: (N-20, P-50, K-160, Ca-150). The soil samples collected from the Ap horizon (0-30 cm) of the rhizosphere in spring after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd swathing had a pHKCl in range from 6.55 to 6.93. The activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase was at a low level. The highest activity of urease was recorded in the soil fertilized with NPK, whereas the highest activity of dehydrogenases was in the soil fertilized with PKCa. Keywords: mineral fertilization, phosphatases, urease, dehydrogenases, biochemical index Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 123-128 Volume: 60 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/905/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/905/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201403-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:3:id:905-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Procházková Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Haisel Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Nitric oxide biosynthesis in plants - the short overview Abstract: In the past two decades, many pathways of nitric oxide biosynthesis have been described. This review offers the general knowledge of mechanisms of plant nitric oxide biosynthesis. Keywords: nitrate reductase, NOS like enzyme Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 129-134 Volume: 60 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/901/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/901/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201403-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:3:id:901-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Szulc Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Chemistry Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: B. Rutkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Chemistry Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: T. Sosulski Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Chemistry Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: E. Szara Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Chemistry Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: W. Stępień Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Chemistry Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Title: Assessment of sulphur demand of crops under permanent fertilization experiment Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine plant needs with regard to sulphur fertilization based on the assessments of sulphur in the soil profile carried out in the early spring. The study was founded on the continuous fertilization experiment established in 1985 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, which is located in Skierniewice. Soil samples were collected in the years 2009-2011 in the early spring (February/March) at low soil temperatures. The samples were taken at three soil depths: 0-30, 30-60, 60-90 cm. The content of sulfate sulphur was assessed in fresh soil samples after extraction in 0.01 mol/L CaCl2. The plants cultivated during the study were spring barley and yellow lupine. The amount of sulphur in soil profile was too small and not sufficient to fulfill yellow lupine nutritional needs, thus could be a limiting factor for successful yield production. Regardless the fertilizer treatment, the amount of sulfate sulphur found in 0-60 cm soil layer fully covered nutritional needs of spring barley. Keywords: sulphur, soil, balance, long-term experiment, barley, lupine Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 135-140 Volume: 60 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/913/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/913/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201403-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:3:id:913-2013-PSE