Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Woźniak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: M. Gos Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Title: Yield and quality of spring wheat and soil properties as affected by tillage system Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of tillage systems and nitrogen fertilization on the grain yield and quality of spring wheat and on selected chemical and biological properties of soil. The first order factor was the tillage system: (1) conventional (CT) - shallow ploughing and harrowing after harvest of the previous crop, and pre-winter ploughing; (2) reduced (RT) - only a cultivator after harvest of the previous crop, and (3) no-tillage (NT) - only Roundup 360 SL herbicide (a.s. glyphosate) after harvest of the previous crop. The second order factor was nitrogen dose: (1) 90 kg N/ha and (2) 150 kg N/ha. Higher yields were demonstrated for spring wheat sown in CT and RT systems, compared to the NT system. In addition, grain yield was increased by a nitrogen dose of 150 kg/ha, compared to 90 kg/ha. Contents of protein and wet gluten in the grain were also increased by the higher nitrogen dose. The RT and NT systems were observed to increase the content of organic C, total N and available phosphorus in the soil, compared to the CT system. They also increased the number and mass of earthworms in the soil, compared to the CT system. Keywords: tillage system, nitrogen fertilization, Triticum aestivum, chemical and biological properties of soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 141-145 Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7330-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7330-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201404-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:4:id:7330-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Jaskulska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production and Experimenting, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz, Poland Author-Name: D. Jaskulski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production and Experimenting, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz, Poland Author-Name: M. Kobierski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Protection, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Title: Effect of liming on the change of some agrochemical soil properties in a long-term fertilization experiment Abstract: For 10 years (1999-2008) there was investigated the effect of liming on soil pHKCl and on organic carbon, available forms of macroelements and DTPA-extracted forms of some metals in 6 different fertilization objects in a long-term experiment set up in 1948: without fertilization (0), straw + NPK (STR NPK), NPK, farmyard manure (FYM), FYM NPK, FYM NPKMgCa. As a result of the application of 12.0 t/ha of lime (4.3 t Ca/ha), an increase was found not only in soil pH value but also in organic carbon, plant available phosphorus, zinc and copper contents and a decrease in manganese content. Despite significant changes in the soil properties, they still varied across the long-term fertilization objects. Keywords: soil pH value, soil organic carbon, available macroelements, DTPA-extracted metals, field research Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 146-150 Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/850/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/850/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201404-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:4:id:850-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kulhánek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Vašák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Š. Shejbalová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Influence of long-term fertilizer application on changes of the content of Mehlich-3 estimated soil macronutrients Abstract: The aim of this work is to evaluate the changes of Mehlich 3 - P, K, Ca and Mg contents in soil during a long-term field experiments with sewage sludge, farmyard manure (FYM) and mineral NPK (NPK) application, compared to the control non-fertilized treatment. The experiment was established at the Humpolec and Suchdol sites (Czech Republic). Potatoes, wheat and barley were grown in crop rotation. Fertilizing system was based on the same nitrogen dose of 330 kg N/ha per one crop rotation. Archive soil samples from the beginning of the experiment (1996) and from the end of each year's crop rotation (1999, 2002, 2005, 2008 and 2011) were analyzed. In spite of the different soil-climatic conditions of the studied sites, very similar tendencies of P, K, Ca and Mg contents changes after the fertilizing systems used were observed in the soil. In case of the same nitrogen dose (330 kg N/ha), sewage sludge appeared to be better source of bioavailable soil phosphorus compared to the farmyard manure and NPK. On the contrary, FYM was a better source of bioavailable potassium and magnesium, despite the lower total magnesium content in FYM. The NPK treatment was the best long-term source of bioavailable potassium. Keywords: soil, sewage sludge, farmyard manure, mineral NPK, bioavailable P, K, Ca, Mg Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 151-157 Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/930/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/930/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201404-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:4:id:930-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: X.G. Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Improvement and Cultivation in Cold Regions, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Postdoctoral Station of Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: F.Z. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: W.S. Xiang Author-Workplace-Name: Postdoctoral Station of Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Title: Syringic acid inhibited cucumber seedling growth and changed rhizosphere microbial communities Abstract: Phenolic compounds enter soil as a result of root exudation and plant residue decomposition, but their impacts on soil microbial communities are poorly understood. In this experiment, effects of syringic acid on cucumber rhizosphere microbial communities were evaluated. Rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community structures and abundances were analyzed with PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR, respectively. Results showed that syringic acid inhibited cucumber seedling growth at concentrations of 0.05 to 0.2 μmol/g soil, and increased rhizosphere soil dehydrogenase activity, microbial biomass carbon content, bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS rRNA gene densities, and decreased the bacteria-to-fungi ratio at concentrations of 0.02 to 0.2 μmol/g soil. Syringic acid also changed rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community structures: it decreased the richness, evenness, and diversity indices of rhizosphere bacterial community but had no significant influences on that of fungal community, indicating that syringic acid had different influence on bacterial and fungal communities. Taken together, these results showed that syringic acid inhibited cucumber growth and altered rhizosphere microbial communities, suggesting that syringic acid plays some role in the communication between plants and soil microorganisms. Keywords: allelopathy, Cucumis sativus L., microbial community abundance and structure, phenolic compound Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 158-164 Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/924/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/924/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201404-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:4:id:924-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P.K. Srivastava Author-Workplace-Name: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India Author-Name: M. Gupta Author-Workplace-Name: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India Author-Name: A. Pandey Author-Workplace-Name: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India Author-Name: V. Pandey Author-Workplace-Name: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India Author-Name: N. Singh Author-Workplace-Name: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India Author-Name: S.K. Tewari Author-Workplace-Name: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India Title: Effects of sodicity induced changes in soil physical properties on paddy root growth Abstract: A study was conducted to investigate the influence of sodicity induced changes in soil physical properties on paddy root growth in the normal agriculture, semi-reclaimed and sodic soils. The root growth (length, length density, biomass and distribution pattern) were unfavourably affected by the soil physical properties (bulk density, soil aggregate stability, available water content, hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention potential) in the case of sodic soil. The microbial biomass carbon, bacterial, fungal population and dehydrogenase activity showed the lower values in the case of sodosol compared to the normal soil. These soil biological properties tend to sustain paddy root growth in normal and semi-reclaimed soils. Principal component analysis revealed that soil physical properties accounted for 98.2% of total variance in root growth. The study revealed that salt stress induces changes in soil physical properties limiting paddy root growth in the salt affected soils. It is important to reclaim sodosols to alleviate salt induced physical stress for optimum paddy root growth. Keywords: below-ground biomass, bulk density, sodic soil, Oryza sativa L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 165-169 Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/926/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/926/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201404-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:4:id:926-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, CAS and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: K.W. Pan Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, CAS and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: N. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, CAS and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal Author-Name: J.C. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, CAS and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: Y.J. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, CAS and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, CAS and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P.R. China Title: Effect of litter type on soil microbial parameters and dissolved organic carbon in a laboratory microcosm experiment Abstract: A laboratory microcosm experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the four single-species (Pinus tabulaeformis (Pt), Pinus radiata (Pr), Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Cj), and Ostryopsis davidiana (Od) litters from southwestern China and mixed pine-broadleaf (Pt + Cj, Pr + Cj, Pt + Od, Pr + Od) litters on soil microbial activities and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Microcosms with the local typical soil and litterbags containing the eight litter types were incubated with 60% water field capacity for 84 days at 20°C. The results showed that the dynamics of soil microbial parameters and DOC were influenced by the litter types with different initial chemical quality. Due to their initial poor nutrient contents, the Pt and Pr litter treatments always showed lower soil microbial activities and DOC at each sampling compared with the Cj and Od litter treatments. However, compared with the single-species pine litter treatments, the inclusion of broadleaf Cj or Od litter into pine litter significantly increased soil microbial activities, and the concentrations of soil DOC during the whole incubation process. The current work thus provided a good implication for plantation management that it should be appropriate to consider Cj as an ameliorative species or retain Od in the pine plantations to improve soil conditions. Keywords: soil labile organic carbon, soil dehydrogenase activity, soil β -glucosidase activity, single-species and mixed-species litter Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 170-176 Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/39/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/39/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201404-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:4:id:39-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Borawska-Jarmułowicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: G. Mastalerczuk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: S. Pietkiewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: M.H. Kalaji Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Title: Low temperature and hardening effects on photosynthetic apparatus efficiency and survival of forage grass varieties Abstract: Freezing tolerance is essential for perennial plants and ability to adapt to extreme temperature is crucial for their survival in many environments. Freezing tolerance of hardened and unhardened plants of Dactylis glomerata and Lolium perenne varieties was probed by their quantum photosynthetic efficiency using the chlorophyll fluorescence technique. Quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) electron transport (ΦPSII), maximal (Fm') and steady-state (Fs) chlorophyll fluorescence yields of light-adapted samples were measured. ΦPSII depended on developmental phase, temperature and hardening process. A clear decline in PSII activity, especially after -10°C application was observed. Plant hardening during emergence phase had a positive impact on PSII activity, especially after -5°C application. After 72 h of -5°C temperature treatment, hardened plants showed quicker recovery of their photosynthetic apparatus (0.527-0.697) as compared to unhardened ones (0.224-0.330). Stress temperature of -10°C caused irreversible changes of photosynthetic apparatus of hardened and unhardened plants independently of growth phases (0.003-0.014). ΦPSII and Fm' parameters were strongly correlated with shoots survival under stress. Our results suggest that perennial plants' hardening allows them to survive low temperatures due inter alia enhancing their photosynthetic machinery performance. Keywords: chlorophyll fluorescence, Dactylis glomerata, freezing, frost acclimation, Lolium perenne Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 177-183 Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/57/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/57/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201404-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:4:id:57-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Rybka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Heřmánek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Honzík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Jošt Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Podsedník Author-Workplace-Name: Chmelarstvi, druzstvo Zatec, Zatec, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Vent Author-Workplace-Name: CHMEL-Vent Co. Ltd., Zatec, Czech Republic Title: The effect of work of inclined belt conveyors on the quality of hop separation in hop picking line Abstract: The article summarizes the results of a two-year research focused on separating impurities in hop picking line by means of inclined belt conveyors. Researchers designed a new version of inclined belt conveyors which were installed in one segment of a parallel hop picking line. In the other segment the current inclined belt conveyors remained. Regarding the product quality, better results were obtained with new inclined belt conveyors where the average content of impurities at the output was 7.73%, contrary to the treatment with current conveyors where the content of impurities was 12.03%. The current inclined belt conveyors had 4.8 times higher losses of hops than the new ones. The economic assessment clearly proves the use of new inclined belt conveyors to be more effective, as the return of the costs for the exchange of six inclined belt conveyors in a picking line makes only 3.13 years at a comparable or even better quality of separation. Keywords: hop picking line, belt conveyor, hop cones, impurities, quality of work Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 184-190 Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/69/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/69/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201404-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:4:id:69-2014-PSE