Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Vácha Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Sáňka Author-Workplace-Name: Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Hauptman Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Zimová Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Science, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Čechmánková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Assessment of limit values of risk elements and persistent organic pollutants in soil for Czech legislation Abstract: The proposal of hierarchical limit system of risk elements (RE) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) for agricultural soils is presented. The system is not proposed for forest soils (limits are still missing in the Czech Republic). Two levels of limit values were proposed. The first one is the prevention limit statistically derived from the background values of RE and POPs in Czech agricultural soils. The second one is indication limit derived from the risk of plant growth inhibition (RE phytotoxicity effects where the results of experimental trials were utilised), the risk of food chain contamination (RE transfer from the soil into the plants where the results of experimental trials testing the transfer of RE from soils into plants were used) and human health risks (RE and POPs inhalation, dermal and oral intake where the model following US EPA methodology was calculated). The limit values system should replace current version of legislative norm - Decree No. 13/1994 Coll. The principles of limit values assessment for individual levels of the limits are described. Keywords: soil protection legislation, risk substances, agricultural soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 191-197 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/909/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/909/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201405-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:5:id:909-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Rutkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Chemistry Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: W. Szulc Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Chemistry Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: T. Sosulski Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Chemistry Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: W. Stępień Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Chemistry Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Title: Soil micronutrient availability to crops affected by long-term inorganic and organic fertilizer applications Abstract: The effects of mineral and organic fertilization on the contents of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B and Mo in soil and in the soil solution as well as on availability of these elements for crops were investigated in the long-term field trial. The highest contents of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in soil and soil solution were observed in the treatment with the lowest pH (NPK). In this same combination the content of B and Mo was the lowest. The concentration of Zn, B and Fe in the soil solution significantly increased under farmyard manure application. Liming significantly decreased contents extractable by 1 mol/L HCl forms of Mn and Zn and significantly increase the content of Mo in the soil. Regardless of fertilization applied, microelement concentrations in the soil solution are sufficient for fulfilling nutritional needs of plants cultivated during the trial. Keywords: microelements, plant, soil solution, long-term fertilization Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 198-203 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/914/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/914/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201405-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:5:id:914-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Patkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology and Mycology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: M. Konopiński Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Cultivation and Fertilization of Horticultural Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Title: Occurrence of antagonistic fungi in the soil after cover crops cultivation Abstract: The purpose of the studies was to determine the species composition of fungi and their antagonistic effect towards soil-borne plant pathogens after the cultivation of oats, spring vetch and tansy phacelia as intercrop cover plants. The total population of fungi in the soil after the cultivation of oats was twice as low as after the cultivation of tansy phacelia. A little smaller fungi population was obtained as a result of mulching the soil with spring vetch in comparison to that after the cultivation of tansy phacelia. The proportion of Fusarium spp., Alternaria alternata, Pythium irregulare and Thanatephorus cucumeris isolated from the soil after the cultivation of oats was the lowest one, while being a little higher after the cultivation of spring vetch, and the highest after tansy phacelia. The greatest number of antagonistic fungi occurred in the soil after ploughing in the mulch of oats. Antagonistic fungi isolated from the soil mulched with oats were the most effective in limiting the growth and development of A. alternata, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum, Haematonectria haematococca, P. irregulare and T. cucumeris since the value of their antagonistic effect was the largest. The lowest antagonistic activity of fungi was found out after using tancy phacelia. Keywords: soil-borne fungi, intercrop plants, antagonistic activity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 204-209 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/67/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/67/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201405-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:5:id:67-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Živčák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: K. Olšovská Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: P. Slamka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Nutrition, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Galambošová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machines and Production Systems, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: V. Rataj Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machines and Production Systems, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: H.B. Shao Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, P.R. China Author-Name: M. Brestič Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Application of chlorophyll fluorescence performance indices to assess the wheat photosynthetic functions influenced by nitrogen deficiency Abstract: Nitrogen deficiency influences importantly the plant photosynthetic capacity and crop productivity. Here, we employed the rapid, non-invasive measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics for calculation of the integrative fluorescence parameters related to the leaf photosynthetic performance. In pot experiments with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) we cultivated plants during the whole growing period in the soil substrate supplied with four different doses of nitrogen. The leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll content as well as the plant dry mass were analyzed after chlorophyll fluorescence records in three growth stages. Our results indicate that the commonly used parameter Fv/Fm (the maximum quantum yield of photochemistry) was almost insensitive to nitrogen treatment. In contrary, the performance index (PIabs) and total performance index (PItot) were much more responsive and significant differences among plants of different nitrogen treatments as well as between the youngest and third leaf from the top were observed. Parameter PItot was shown to express only small diurnal changes, thus being more reliable and more useful for comparison of different samples in field conditions than more frequently used parameter PIabs. Keywords: performance index, photosynthesis, plant ecophysiology, non-invasive techniques, JIP-test Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 210-215 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/73/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/73/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201405-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:5:id:73-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y.D. Sun Author-Workplace-Name: School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China Author-Name: W.R. Luo Author-Workplace-Name: School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China Author-Name: H.C. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China Title: Effects of different nitrogen forms on the nutritional quality and physiological characteristics of Chinese chive seedlings Abstract: Nitrogen plays a vital role in the growth, development and nutritional quality of Chinese chive, which is an important leafy vegetable. The effects of improved Hoagland nutrient solutions on the nutritional quality and physiological characteristics of three Chinese chive cultivars (Saisong, Pingjiu No. 4 and Pingjiu No. 8) were investigated by modulating the ratio of nitrite nitrogen (NO3--N) to ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N). Improved Hoagland nutrient solutions with NO3--N to NH4+-N ratios of 50:50 and 75:25 could effectively promote the accumulation of soluble protein, soluble sugar, vitamin C and proline; decrease the malondialdehyde content; and induce the superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities of the three cultivars. It is strongly suggested that NO3--N to NH4+-N ratios of 50:50 and 75:25 improve nutritional quality and promote growth and are thus suitable for Chinese chive growth under hydroponic culture. Keywords: Allium tuberosum Rottler, NO3--N to NH4+-N ratio, soluble protein, soluble sugar and vitamin C, antioxidant metabolism Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 216-220 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/126/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/126/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201405-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:5:id:126-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Křen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Klem Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Impact Experiments, Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Svobodová Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto, s.r.o., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Míša Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto, s.r.o., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Neudert Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Yield and grain quality of spring barley as affected by biomass formation at early growth stages Abstract: Timely and reliable prediction of grain yield and quality of spring barley represents a key prerequisite for effective crop management. Within this study we evaluated the relationships between yield components, grain quality, biomass production and the number of tillers in different growth stages. For this purpose, in three years (2011-2013) multifactorial field trials focused on the combined effects of cultivar, sowing density and nitrogen nutrition were conducted. Based on ANOVA it was found that the formation of grain yield was affected by individual factors in the following order of importance: year, nitrogen, cultivar and sowing rate. The final grain yield significantly correlated both with the number of tillers and dry weight of above-ground biomass per unit area. The best estimation of yield provided both parameters at early growth stage (R = 0.83** and 0.81** for number of tillers and the above-ground biomass at BBCH 25). The grain protein content was inversely related to early growth parameters (R = -0.64** and -0.41** for number of tillers and above-ground biomass at BBCH 25). Based on the comparison of relationships between the years, it can be concluded that the early growth of barley and tiller differentiation is a key parameter for the formation of yield and grain quality. Keywords: Hordeum vulgare L., above-ground biomass, tillering, grain yield formation, grain protein content Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 221-227 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/91/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/91/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201405-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:5:id:91-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Kosterna Author-Workplace-Name: Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Title: The yield and quality of broccoli grown under flat covers with soil mulching Abstract: The experiment was carried out between 2010 and 2012. Effect of plants covering and the kind of organic mulch applied to soil mulching on the yield and selected component of nutritive value in Milady F1 broccoli cultivated for early harvest was investigated. The application of polypropylene fibre contributed to a significant increase in the marketable yield of broccoli on average by 5.25 t/ha, weight of head by 0.10 kg and length of arc by 1.44 cm. Increase of the content of chemical components as a result of plants covering amounted to 1.76% for dry matter, 2.50 mg/100 g fresh matter (FM) for ascorbic acid, 0.65% FM for total sugar and 0.15% FM for monosaccharides. All kinds of straw contributed to an increase in the broccoli yield and improvement its parameters. The highest marketable yield and weight of head was obtained in the plots mulched with buckwheat straw. Irrespective of covering, cultivation on the mulch with buckwheat straw contributed to a slight decrease in dry matter, total sugars content, whereas cultivation on the rye straw decreased ascorbic acid content. Keywords: polypropylene fibre, organic mulch, Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., chemical composition, vegetable Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 228-233 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/168/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/168/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201405-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:5:id:168-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Kviklys Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, Lithuania Author-Name: M. Liaudanskas Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania Author-Name: V. Janulis Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania Author-Name: P. Viškelis Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, Lithuania Author-Name: M. Rubinskiené Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, Lithuania Author-Name: J. Lanauskas Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, Lithuania Author-Name: N. Uselis Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, Lithuania Title: Rootstock genotype determines phenol content in apple fruits Abstract: The effect of weather conditions and eleven apple rootstocks was studied on the phenol content in fruits. Super-dwarf rootstocks P 61 and P 22 determined the highest content of all phenolic compounds tested. Dwarf rootstocks M.9, P 62 and semi-dwarf M.26 determined lower content of all phenolic compounds tested. The content of (+)-catechin, procyanidin B1 and total procyanidins content in apple fruits depended on rootstock genotype and high variation coefficient of these compounds between rootstocks was established. Rootstocks had a lesser effect on the content of quercitrin, (-)-epicatechin, total catechins, phloridzin and chlorogenic acid. No clear differences were found between super-dwarf, dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstock groups. Conditions during the growing season, yield and fruit weight impacted on the content of bioactive compounds. Less than 10% difference in total phenols between the growing seasons was recorded for M.26 and P 22. The greatest differences were recorded in the fruits from trees grown on M.9, Pure 1 and P 66 rootstocks. Rootstock B.396 determined the most stable content of all compounds analysed, except for procyanidin B1 and B2. Keywords: polyphenols, Malus × domestica, phenylpropanoid metabolism, antioxidant compounds Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 234-240 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/71/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/71/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201405-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:5:id:71-2014-PSE