Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Chatterjee Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India Author-Name: S.C. Datta Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India Author-Name: K.M. Manjaiah Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India Title: Transformation of short-range order minerals in maize (Zea mays L.) rhizosphere Abstract: Under nutrient stress, low molecular weight organic acids are released in rhizosphere, which dissolve the crystalline layered silicate minerals and subsequently some short range order (SRO) minerals may be formed. To analyze this hypothesis, a controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted with three contrasting soils belonging to Alfisols, Inceptisols and Vertisols order in two phases, viz. Sorghum-sudangrass depletion and test crop experiment on maize. The SROs were measured by selective dissolutions. The results indicate that, NaOH extractable amorphous ferri-alumino silicate was higher in rhizosphere, whereas mild extractant extractable SRO dissolution was increased due to fertilization and rhizospheric effect. Fourier transform infrared band showed changes in 3400-3600/cm region (adsorbed water) and Si-O stretching vibration (1000/cm). This information will provide a new insight in formation of SROs under the rhizospheric environment. Keywords: amorphous ferri-alumino silicate, low molecular weight organic acid, Alfisols, Inceptisols, Vertisols Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 241-248 Volume: 60 Issue: 6 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/800/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/800/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201406-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:6:id:800-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Fang Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Tian Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: S.X. Chang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Title: Nitrogen transformations in the rhizosphere of different tree types in a seasonally flooded soil Abstract: Plant roots strongly influence C and N availability in the rhizosphere via rhizodeposition and uptake of nutrients. An in situ rhizobox approach was used to compare rhizosphere effects of different tree species and clones on N cycling under seasonally flooded soil. We examined N mineralization and nitrification rates, inorganic N, and microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) in rhizosphere and bulk soils of three poplar clones, alder, and willow plantations in southeast China. Significant differences in soil pH, total N, soil organic C, MBC, MBN, and MBC/MBN were found between bulk and rhizosphere soils except alder. Compared to bulk soil, the net N mineralization and nitrification rates in rhizosphere soil across all tree species and clones increased by 124-228% and 108-216%, respectively. However, NO3--N was depleted in the rhizosphere soil mainly owing to the root uptake and rhizosphere microbial immobilization. The magnitude of rhizosphere effects on N transformations was considerably different among the tree species studied. Of the tested ones, alder had the greatest rhizosphere effect on N transformation, indicating different capacities of tree species to facilitate N turnover in the rhizosphere. Keywords: nitrogen mineralization, rhizosphere effect, tree species, nitrogen cycling, rhizobox Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 249-254 Volume: 60 Issue: 6 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/878/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/878/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201406-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:6:id:878-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Klikocka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Zamość, Poland Author-Name: B. Narolski Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Zamość, Poland Author-Name: G. Michałkiewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Zamość, Poland Title: The effects of tillage and soil mineral fertilization on the yield and yield components of spring barley Abstract: A field experiment with a malting spring barley crop (2007-2009) was conducted in south-eastern Poland on Cambisols. Conventional (CST) and simplified soil tillage systems (SST) were used in combination with NPK fertilizer enriched with S and Mg. Analysis of the results showed a beneficial effect of CST and NPK fertilization with S and Mg on yield and yield structure. SST and NPK fertilization decreased grain yield by 6.6% and 6.2%. CST increased grain number per ear, grain weight per ear and plant height, while the SST decreased the value of these characteristics by 7.9, 5.7 and 5.3%. Number of ears (standardized regression coefficient b = 0.330), grain number per ear (b = 0.488) and 1000 grain weight (b = 0.360) were found to be significant for predicting grain yield. Significant correlations were found between grain yield and yield components of spring barley. Grain yield per ha was positively correlated with number of ears (rn = 72 = 0.330), grain number per ear (rn = 72 = 0.488), 1000 grain weight (rn = 72 = 0.359), grain weight per ear (rn = 72 = 0.528) and plant height (rn = 72 = 0.246). Keywords: Hordeum vulgare L., yield formation, influence of weather, sulphur, magnesium, tillage system Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 255-261 Volume: 60 Issue: 6 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/14/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/14/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201406-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:6:id:14-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Horáček Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Strosser Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Čechová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Carbon fraction concentrations in a haplic Luvisol as affected by tillage Abstract: Changes of soil organic matter (SOM) parameters were investigated in a haplic Luvisol with medium-heavy texture. Soil samples were taken from several layers at minimum (MT) and conventional (CT) tillage plots of a field experiment in Sitzenhof (Germany). All cultural practices except for tillage (crop rotation, fertilizing, protection measures, etc.) were identical over the whole time of the experiment. The concentrations of oxidizable carbon Cox and its constituents (humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), and hot-water soluble carbon) are comparable in layers 15-20 cm in both variants. In 0-15 cm and 30-55 cm layers, these concentrations were higher in the MT variant. A similar trend was observed in the colour quotient values of humic substances Q4/6, which indicates increasing condensation of humus substances (HS) at deeper layers in both variants, and it is also confirmed by a humic to fulvic acids ratio HA:FA. Concentrations of SOM fractions were higher (except 15-20 cm layers) in the MT than CT treatment throughout the profile, especially below the 30 cm depth. The SOM did not accumulate markedly in the surface layer of long-term MT treatment. Keywords: carbon fractionation, profile distribution, minimum tillage Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 262-266 Volume: 60 Issue: 6 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7416-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7416-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201406-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:6:id:7416-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Čeh Author-Workplace-Name: Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing, Žalec, Slovenia Title: Impact of slurry on the hop (Humulus lupulus L.) yield, its quality and N-min content of the soil Abstract: The aim of this investigation was to answer if cattle slurry can replace mineral fertiliser calcium ammonium nitrate for hop (Humulus lupulus L.) side-dressings, and if it is suitable to be applied after hop harvest, and also show its impact on N-min content of the soil. Cattle slurry was a more appropriate fertiliser for the second and the third hop side-dressings in the investigated years (2010-2012), which were characterised by a lower than average amount of rainfall and higher temperatures, especially in June and in the first half of July. Despite the lower amount of plant-available nitrogen in the cattle slurry (which contains also other nutrients and water), the yield of hop cones and the yield of alpha-acids were significantly higher, the NO3--N content in the cones was lower, and the N-min in the soil was lower. N-min analyses are urgent, at least in years with uncommon precipitation patterns, to make decisions about subsequent side-dressings. The weather conditions had a significant impact on the yield and the NO3--N content of the hop cones but not on the alpha-acid content. Keywords: fertilisation, cattle slurry, mineral nitrogen, alpha-acid content, plant-available nitrogen Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 267-273 Volume: 60 Issue: 6 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/66/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/66/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201406-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:6:id:66-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Nasraoui-Hajaji Author-Workplace-Name: Research Unit of Nitrogen Nutrition and Metabolism and Stress-related Proteins (99/UR/C 09-20), Tunisian Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, El Manar, Tunisia Author-Name: H. Gouia Author-Workplace-Name: Research Unit of Nitrogen Nutrition and Metabolism and Stress-related Proteins (99/UR/C 09-20), Tunisian Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, El Manar, Tunisia Title: Photosynthesis sensitivity to NH4+-N change with nitrogen fertilizer type Abstract: N-fertilization type affected differently tomato growth. In the field experiment, hydroponic cultures were conducted using NO3-N (5 mmol); mixture of KNO3-N (3 mmol) and (NH4)2SO4-N (2 mmol); NH4+-N (5 mmol) or urea (5 mmol) as nitrogen source. Compared to nitrate, ammonium and urea had negative effects on morphology and dry matter production. Effects of the different nitrogen forms were investigated by measuring several photosynthesis parameters and chl a fluorescence. Two different significant types of reaction were found. When nitrogen was added as ammonium or urea, dry weight, chlorophyll tenor, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic activity were inhibited. Supply of ammonium or urea, reduced the ratio (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching and enhanced the non photochemical quenching. These data suggest that the adverse decrease in tomato growth under ammonium or urea supply may be related principally to inhibition of net photosynthesis activity. The high non photochemical quenching shown in tomato fed with ammonium or urea indicated that PS II was the inhibitory site of NH4+-N which was directly uptaken by roots, or librated via urea hydrolysis cycle. Keywords: ammonium, chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange, tomato, Solanum lycopersicon Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 274-279 Volume: 60 Issue: 6 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7418-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7418-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201406-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:6:id:7418-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Gruber Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Science, Agronomy (340a), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Author-Name: E.A. Weber Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Science, Agronomy (340a), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Author-Name: W. Claupein Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Science, Agronomy (340a), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Title: Which soils are comfortable for oilseed rape seeds (Brassica napus) to survive? Abstract: The study should reveal the effects of soil texture and of seed characteristics of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) on seed survival in the soil by a burial experiment. Seeds of 58 conventional and new trait accessions (genetically modified and/or with altered seed ingredients) were buried for six months in sandy loam (SL), clay (c) or silty clay loam (SICL) in the seasons 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 in Germany. Between 84-93% (2008/2009) and 64-87% (2009/2010) of the conventional seeds survived in the soil, and so did 41-67% and 8-44% of the new trait seeds. Significantly more seeds were found in C and SICL compared to SL. Seed survival also significantly depended on the genotype, with high and low seed survival in both conventional and new trait accessions. Seed survival rates are probably linked with moisture and oxygen provided by different soils. As soils with good water storage conditions seem to have a higher probability for oilseed rape seeds from harvest losses to survive, other measures such as growing low dormancy varieties and proper soil tillage are especially relevant to avoid volunteers on these soils. Keywords: dormancy, GMO, sand, persistence, soil texture Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 280-284 Volume: 60 Issue: 6 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/155/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/155/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201406-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:6:id:155-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y.J. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory for Biological Control of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: M. Xie Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory for Biological Control of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: D.L. Peng Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory for Biological Control of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Effects of the transgenic CrylAc and CpTI insect-resistant cotton SGK321 on rhizosphere soil microorganism populations in northern China Abstract: Transgenic CrylAc and CpTI insect-resistant cotton SGK321 has been widely adopted for many years in several regions of China, however the understanding of its potential effects on soil microorganisms is limited. The impact of transgenic cotton SGK321 on microorganism populations in rhizosphere soil was investigated. The numbers of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were measured by counting colony-forming units after incubation on appropriate medium in a two-year field study in the northern China. Rhizosphere soil microorganism populations between transgenic cotton SGK321 and its non-transgenic parental cotton or conventional cotton were different at some plant growth stages and/or in some years. However compared to the plant growth stage and cotton cultivar, the impacts of the transgenic trait were slight or transient. The principal component analysis also showed no significant or minor difference in the numbers of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil between transgenic cotton SGK321 and its non-transgenic parental cotton. These results suggest that the transgenic cotton SGK321 has no apparent impact on microorganism populations in rhizosphere soil. Keywords: risk assessment, toxic protein, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 285-289 Volume: 60 Issue: 6 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/192/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/192/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201406-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:6:id:192-2014-PSE