Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Š. Shejbalová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Vašák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Kulhánek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Nitrogen efficiency of spring barley in long-term experiment Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate nitrogen (N) efficiency from different organic and mineral fertilizers applied to the spring barley. Dry matter yield, N content and N uptake of spring barley from 16 years of experiments at two sites in the Czech Republic with different soil and climatic conditions were analyzed. For assessing of nitrogen efficiency nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE, kg/kg), recovery efficiency of applied N (%), agronomic efficiency of applied N (kg/kg) and summary N balances (ΣΔN, kg/ha) were observed. Six fertilization treatments were utilized: no fertilization (control); sewage sludge; farmyard manure (FYM); N in mineral fertilizers (N); NPK in mineral fertilizers (NPK) and N in mineral fertilizers + straw (N + ST). Yields were about 68% higher at NPK (S1 site) and 55% at N + ST (S2 site) in comparison with control. The highest NUtE was recorded at both locations after application of FYM. Higher NUtE from mineral fertilizers was obtained at low productive S1 site. At both sites a trend of decreasing ΣΔN over time was observed. At both sites a trend of decreasing negative N balance was observed. At lower productive site the decline of N balance was minimized for mineral fertilizers treatments in last experimental years. At higher productive site the differences between treatments with mineral nitrogen and control were lower and the decline of N balance continued over all 16 years of experiment duration. Keywords: N balance, mineral fertilizers, organic fertilizers, yield, nitrogen utilization Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 291-296 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/916/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/916/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201407-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:7:id:916-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Babulicová Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre Lužianky - Research Institute of Plant Production Piešťany, Piešťany, Slovak Republic Title: The influence of fertilization and crop rotation on the winter wheat production Abstract: In a long-term field experiment winter wheat was grown in crop rotations with 40, 60 and 80% proportion of cereals. Two levels of fertilization were used: H1 - mineral fertilization N, P, K + organic fertilization Veget®; H2 - only mineral fertilization N, P, K. Winter what was grown after two preceding crops: pea and winter barley. In 2010-2012 the grain yield of winter wheat after pea was statistically higher at fertilization with mineral fertilizers N, P, K and organic manure Veget® (7.15 t/ha) in comparison with mineral fertilizers only (6.65 t/ha). In crop rotation with 80% of cereals the grain yield of winter wheat after pea as a preceding crop was statistically higher (6.81 t/ha) than after winter barley (5.59 t/ha). The rising of grain yield at 1.9 t/ha was achieved by suitable preceding crop (pea) and by combined fertilization (mineral fertilizers N, P, K + organic manure Veget®). The grain yield of winter wheat 5.24 t was obtained by mineral fertilization N, P, K only and after winter barley. By mineral fertilization N, P, K + organic manure Veget®) and after pea as a preceding crop the grain yield of winter wheat 7.14 t/ha was reached. Keywords: crop rotation, Triticum aestivum, proportion of cereals, grain yield, bulk weight Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 297-302 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/3/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201407-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:7:id:3-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Santamaría Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Forest Environment Engineering, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain Author-Name: S. Rodrigo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Forest Environment Engineering, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain Author-Name: M.J. Poblaciones Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Forest Environment Engineering, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain Author-Name: L. Olea Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Forest Environment Engineering, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain Title: Fertilizer application (P, K, S, Ca and Mg) on pasture in calcareous dehesas: effects on herbage yield, botanical composition and nutritive value Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of P, Ca, S, and/or K and/or Mg application at different rates on the botanical composition, herbage yield and its nutritive value in dehesas developed on calcareous soils. In two growing seasons, 2009/10 and 2010/11, five surface-broadcast fertiliser treatments were applied once in autumn. Two grazing periods were simulated by cutting the pasture in mid-spring and late-spring. Treatment K1, with the highest amount of Ca and without K in its composition, provided higher crude protein values in the herbage than controls in 2009/10. When the effect of each nutrient was analysed separately, a strong and highly positive response of Mg application on herbage production was recorded. A surface application of fertilisers containing 25 kg Mg/ha in autumn could increase herbage yield by 40% under the studied conditions. However, Mg was not applied alone, and thus this increase could be due to an effect of Mg by itself or to a synergistic effect between Mg and other nutrients applied. The application of Ca, P and Mg may also favour the production of high-quality forage by yielding a greater cover of legumes and digestible protein. Keywords: permanent grassland, forage, magnesium, crude protein, legumes Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 303-308 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/114/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/114/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201407-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:7:id:114-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: X.W. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: A.Z. Liang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: S.X. Jia Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: X.P. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: S.C. Wei Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Title: Impact of tillage on physical characteristics in a Mollisol of Northeast China Abstract: Soil management is aimed at the maintenance of optimal soil physical quality for crop production. In order to explore the effects of tillage practices on soil physical properties, a study was conducted to compare the effects of no tillage (NT), moldboard plow (MP) and ridge tillage (RT) on soil bulk density (BD), soil penetration resistance (SPR), soil water content (SWC), soil macroporosity (MAC) and soil air-filled porosity (AFP) in Northeast China. Results showed that both NT and RT led to significant BD increment than MP at 0-20 cm (P < 0.05). Compared with MP, NT and RT increased SPR at the depths of 2.5-17.5 cm (P < 0.05). SWC of 0-10 cm layer was significantly higher in NT and RT than MP soils (P < 0.05). NT showed a significantly lower MAC than MP and RT at 0-20 cm soil depths (P < 0.05). All AFP values were above the limit of 0.10 cm3/cm3 under all tillage treatments. RT improved the soil physical quality as evidenced by decreased BD and SPR, and increased SWC, MAC and AFP relative to NT. Keywords: soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance, soil water content, soil macroporosity, soil air-filled porosity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 309-313 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/245/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/245/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201407-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:7:id:245-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Šimon Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Czakó Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Influence of long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil properties Abstract: This study assesses the effect of long-term (59 years) application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic matter and enzyme activity. Total organic C, total organic N, hot water soluble C, microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase activity were evaluated in soil from the long-term field experiment in Prague-Ruzyně (Orthic Luvisol, clay loam). Total organic C and N increased significantly in soils treated with organic fertilizers (farmyard manure, compost) and in soils with a combination of organic and mineral NPK fertilizers (manure + NPK, compost + NPK, cattle manure + straw + NPK) compared to soil treated with inorganic fertilizer, cattle slurry + straw and non-fertilized control. Farmyard manure significantly increased hot water soluble C compared to the control. Dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased by all treatments compared to control. The results indicate that additions of organic matter from various sources differ in the effects on soil organic matter and biological activity. The effect of manure was the most favourable; long-term application of cattle slurry + straw is rather similar to mineral fertilization. Keywords: long-term experiment, fertilization, soil organic matter, microbial biomass, dehydrogenase activity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 314-319 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/264/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/264/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201407-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:7:id:264-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Patkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology and Mycology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: M. Konopiński Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Cultivation and Fertilization of Horticultural Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Title: Antagonistic activity of selected bacteria occurring in the soil after root chicory cultivation Abstract: Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a rich source of polysaccharides (intibin and inulin), vitamins, acids and mineral salts. The present studies determined the antagonistic activity of selected bacteria of the soil environment of root chicory towards fungi pathogenic towards this plant: Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum, Thanatephorus cucumeris and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Root chicory was cultivated with using cover crops (oats, tansy phacelia and common vetch). The use of cover crops, especially oats, in the cultivation of root chicory had a positive effect both on the total population of bacteria and the population of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in the soil. Antagonistic Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. displayed differentiated activity towards the studied fungi. The greatest antagonistic effect was found out after the mulch of oats. After common vetch, the antagonistic activity of bacteria was more than twice, and after phacelia three times as low as after oats. In the traditional cultivation of root chicory this activity was nearly twelve times lower. Keywords: soil-borne bacteria, Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Cichorium intybus, intercrop plants Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 320-324 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/283/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/283/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201407-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:7:id:283-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.W. Scherer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Author-Name: E. Feils Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Author-Name: P. Beuters Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Title: Ammonium fixation and release by clay minerals as influenced by potassium Abstract: It is postulated that stabilized ammonium fertilizers improve fertilizer-N utilization by crops, leading thus to higher yields with the same fertilizer rate, especially on sandy soils. However, it must be taken into consideration that in clayey soil at least a part of the NH4+ ions may be fixed by 2:1 clay minerals, thus delaying the effect of the N fertilizer. Because NH4+ and K+ have similar size and valence properties and therefore compete for the same non-exchangeable sites of 2:1 clay minerals, we investigated the influence of time and K+ application rate on both fixation and release of NH4+. Fixation of NH4+ ions was higher when K+ was applied after NH4+, while the influence of the K+ application rate was less pronounced. Mobilization of non-exchangeable NH4+ was retarded when K+ was applied at the high rate after NH4+. At the first harvest yield formation of ryegrass was neither influenced by the amount as well as the application time of K+, because plant available N was not growth limiting, while yield of the second harvest was significantly higher with the low K+ application rate after NH4+. After the second harvest the blocking effect of K+ on the release of non-exchangeable NH4+ was attenuated and the highest yields of the third cut were reached in the treatments with the high K+ application rate after NH4+. Total dry matter yield was highest when K+ was applied at the low rate after NH4+. Our results show that K+ governs fixation and release of non-exchangeable NH4+, which should be taken into consideration when applying ammonium containing N fertilizers like ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate nitrate and ENTEC. Thus K+ can affect N availability when N is applied as NH4+ in both the short and long term. Keywords: nitrogen, availability, potassium, clay minerals, crop yield Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 325-331 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/202/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/202/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201407-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:7:id:202-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Kumar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India Author-Name: A. Srivastava Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India Author-Name: S.S. Chauhan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India Author-Name: P.C. Srivastava Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture Title: Studies on dissipation of thiamethoxam insecticide in two different soils and its residue in potato crop Abstract: The dissipation patterns of thiamethoxam insecticide at two different rates (12.5 and 25 µg/g) in both silty clay loam and loam soils were studied. The half lives of thiamethoxam were in the range of 15.0 to 18.8 days in silty clay loam and 20.1 to 21.5 days in loam soil. The residues of thiamethoxam in potato tubers and soil at harvest time (90 days after planting) could not be detected either in soil or in tubers at any of the applied rates (25 and 50 g a.i./ha). Thus, thiamethoxam does not appear to pose any health hazard to consumers or harm to the environment. Keywords: neonicotinoids, vegetables, recovery, mollisols, half-life, monophasic Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 332-335 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/106/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/106/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201407-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:7:id:106-2014-PSE