Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Ashrafi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: M. Zahedi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: K. Fahmi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: R. Nadi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Title: Neighbour effects of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) on Cd bioaccumulation by soybean in saline soil Abstract: Bioaccumulation of heavy metals can be affected by various crop-weed interactions in agroecosystems. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of belowground interaction of soybean and purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) weed on cadmium (Cd) uptake and its allocation to soybean grains. The experimental treatments included two cropping systems (mono and mixed culture), two salinity levels (0% and 0.5% NaCl) and three levels of Cd in soil (control; 3 and 6 mg Cd/kg). Results showed that the promoting effect of salinity on Cd uptake by soybean and Cd allocation to grains was enhanced in the presence of purslane compared to the absence of neighbour plant. This could be due to increasing Cd-mobilization within the shared rhizosphere of plants. In the non-saline soil decreasing uptake and grain allocation of Cd in co-planted soybean was associated with enhancing of purslane Cd uptake and the depletion of Cd in soil solution. Therefore, it can be concluded that co-planted purslane can alter the uptake of cadmium to the neighboring soybean plants; its effect may be influenced by soil environmental conditions such as salinity. Keywords: cadmium, co-planting, grain, plant interaction, salinity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 439-445 Volume: 60 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/904/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/904/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201410-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:10:id:904-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Jursík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hamouzová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Soukup Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Andr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Holec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Differences in sensitivity of F1 and F2 generations of herbicide tolerant sunflower volunteers to selected acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides Abstract: The aim of this work is to describe the differences in sensitivity of Clearfield, ExpressSun and non-herbicide tolerant (HT) sunflower cultivars to several acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides and to find out the differences in sensitivity in F1 and F2 generations of these cultivars. Non-HT sunflower was very sensitive to most of the tested herbicides, except for nicosulfuron (efficacy 43-75%). F2 generation of non-HT sunflower showed a low level of sensitivity to imazamox (efficacy 10-43%) and to nicosulfuron, tribenuron, thifensulfuron and rimsulfuron under dry conditions (efficacy 43-83%). Sensitivity of Clearfield sunflower (cultivar with tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides) to tested sulfonylurea varied according to used herbicide and weather conditions. The highest efficacy on Clearfield sunflower showed iodosulfuron (97-100%) > florasulam (88-100%) > foramsulfuron (40-98%) > thifensulfuron (12-99%) > rimsulfuron (37-99%) > tribenuron (0-87%) > nicosulfuron (0-78%). ExpressSun sunflower (cultivar with tolerance to tribenuron) was the most tolerant to all tested herbicides. The lowest efficacy on F1 generation showed tribenuron (0%) > imazamox (0-17%) > nicosulfuron (0-43%) > thifensulfuron (0-57%) > rimsulfuron (0-70%) > foramsulfuron (8-75%) > florasulam (75-96%) > iodosulfuron (87-98%). Sensitivity of F2 generation of ExpressSun to tested herbicide was usually higher as compared to F1 generation. Keywords: Helianthus annus, herbicide efficacy, acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides, Clearfield, ExpressSun Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 446-451 Volume: 60 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/185/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/185/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201410-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:10:id:185-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Andr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Hejnák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Jursík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Fendrychová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effects of application terms of three soil active herbicides on herbicide efficacy and reproductive ability for weeds in maize Abstract: The aim of this work was to compare herbicide efficacy and reduction of weed reproduction after the application of three frequently used soil residual herbicides during pre-emergent (PRE) and early post-emergent (EPOST) application in maize. Plot field trials were carried out in Central Bohemia during two growing seasons (2010 and 2011). Good efficacy (88%, resp. 83%) was found in isoxaflutole + thiencarbazone (ISF + THC) and terbuthylazin + S-metolachlor (TBA + SMC) on Echinochloa crus-galli, especially in PRE application use. Efficacy on Amaranthus retroflexus was 91% at both tested application periods and there were no significant differences between experimental years. Significant differences in A. retroflexus control were recorded among all tested herbicides (ISF + THC > TBA + SMC > pendimethalin (PEM) + dimethenamid (DMA)). No significant differences between PRE and EPOST were recorded in efficacy on Chenopodium album. Significant differences in efficacy on C. album were recorded among all tested herbicides (ISF + THC > TBA + SMC > PEM + DMA). Mercurialis annua was the most tolerant tested weed, which was significantly better controlled at EPOST herbicide application (73%) compared to PRE application (32%). TBA + SMC showed a significantly higher efficacy on M. annua compared with other tested herbicides. Seed production of all tested weeds was strongly effected by weather conditions, which were significant during 2011, when there was higher than average precipitation during May and June. The most seeds were produced by A. retroflexus > C. album > E. crus-galli > M. annua. ISF + THC best reduced seed production of E. crus-galli, A. retroflexus and C. album, especially when applied at PRE. TBA + SMC best reduced seed production of M. annua. Weed competition on untreated control plots caused yield loss by 90%and 47% in 2011 and 2012, respectively, compared to treatments with the highest yield (ISF + THC). Keywords: Zea mays, pre-emergent and early post-emergent application of herbicide, seed reproduction of weeds Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 452-458 Volume: 60 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/561/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/561/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201410-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:10:id:561-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Järvan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology, Estonian Crop Research Institute, Saku, Estonia Author-Name: L. Edesi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology, Estonian Crop Research Institute, Saku, Estonia Author-Name: A. Adamson Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology, Estonian Crop Research Institute, Saku, Estonia Author-Name: T. Võsa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology, Estonian Crop Research Institute, Saku, Estonia Title: Soil microbial communities and dehydrogenase activity depending on farming systems Abstract: The aim of study was to compare the effect of farming methods on soil microbial communities and dehydrogenase activity (DHA). During 2008-2013, in the five-field crop rotation the following treatments were carried out: ORG - organic; ORGFYM - organic with cattle manure; CONFYM - conventional (cattle manure, mineral fertilizers and pesticides were used). From the treatments soil samples in three replicates were taken for microbiological tests in September yearly. Total bacteria and cellulose decomposing bacteria were determined as a number of colony forming units per g of dry soil. Soil DHA was determined in accordance with Tabatabai (1982). Solid cattle manure applied in the ORGFYM rotation increased significantly (P < 0.05) the number of total bacteria and cellulose decomposing bacteria (by 19.4% and 45.3%, respectively), and DHA by 22.7%. There appeared no clear and significant differences in effects between ORGFYM and CONFYM treatments, as an average of experiment period. In some cases, the use of certain pesticides in CONFYM treatment significantly affected the microbe numbers and soil DHA. Keywords: organic and conventional treatments, cattle manure, total bacteria, cellulose decomposing bacteria, pesticides Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 459-463 Volume: 60 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/410/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/410/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201410-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:10:id:410-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Artyszak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: D. Gozdowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: K. Kucińska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Title: The yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots cultivated in mulches Abstract: In 2005-2008, in several locations of southern Poland, the yield and technological root quality of two sugar beet cultivars (Esperanza and Henrike) cultivated in mustard mulch, straw mulch and in conventional tillage (with pre-winter plough) were investigated. Mustard mulch let to achieve the highest plant density during harvest. Replacing conventional ploughing with mustard mulch caused 9.4% root yield increase and with straw mulch 11.2%. Cultivation system had no effect on the content of sucrose and melassigenic components in the roots, except for potassium. Technological sugar yields obtained from mustard mulch were by 8.0% and in straw mulch by 11.3% higher than in the conventional tillage. Cv. Esperanza allowed getting the higher root yield, average fresh mass of single root and technological sugar yield, than cv. Henrike. In addition, lower content of alpha-amino-nitrogen was obtained from roots of the cv. Esperenza. In contrast, higher sucrose content and lower sodium content were found in the roots of cv. Henrike. The lowest variability in the sugar beet root yield features and technological quality was achieved from straw mulch. Keywords: conventional tillage, mustard mulch, Beta vulgaris L., straw mulch, cultivar Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 464-469 Volume: 60 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/428/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/428/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201410-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:10:id:428-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Bečka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Cihlář Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Vlažný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Pazderů Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Vašák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Poppy root weevils (Stenocarus ruficornis, Stephens 1831) control in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Abstract: Effects of insecticidal sprays on poppy root weevils (Stenocarus ruficornis, Stephens 1831) were assessed in small plot trials at three localities in the Czech Republic during two years (2011-2012). In addition, the effects of seed dressing were included into the assessment in one of the localities (Červený Újezd). The levels of root damage caused by the insect pest larvae (expressed as number of bore holes per root) and yield got from individual treatments were compared. Sprays applied for 18 days after the first record of poppy root weevils in trials showed the highest effects on a decrease of the levels of root damage (40% of untreated control). In general, sprays applied at the date when SATF14 value exceeded 20°C showed significant effects on decreasing the levels of root damage. The highest effects were usually recorded in sprays which were applied when SATF14 value exceeded 100°C. Keywords: Stenocarus ruficornis, seed treatments, foliar protection, signalization method, air temperature Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 470-474 Volume: 60 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/417/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/417/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201410-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:10:id:417-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Hakl Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forage Crops and Grassland Management, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Fuksa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forage Crops and Grassland Management, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Konečná Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forage Crops and Grassland Management, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Pacek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of applied cultivation technology and environmental conditions on lucerne farm yield in the Central Europe Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of used technology and environmental condition on lucerne dry matter yield in the regional conditions. During a three year period (2011-2013), the investigation was based on management survey in 27 farms in the Czech Republic. Climate conditions significantly influenced yield in some interaction with soil where only combination of dry climate and less fertile soil conditions reduced forage yield. The single soil effect was not significant for forage yield. Applied technology was influenced by both environment and farm characteristic (such as farm size and cow's milk performance) which together significantly explained about 40% of variability of used technological properties. From all investigated technological properties, only cultivation of lucerne in mixture with grasses consistently increased forage yield therefore should be considered as important factor for modelling forage farm yield in the regional conditions. Keywords: forage, alfalfa, grass mixture, harvest management Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 475-480 Volume: 60 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/629/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/629/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201410-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:10:id:629-2014-PSE