Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Sosulski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: E. Szara Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: W. Stępień Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: M. Szymańska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Title: Nitrous oxide emissions from the soil under different fertilization systems on a long-term experiment Abstract: The research aimed at the assessment of N2O emission from agricultural soils subject to different fertilization conditions. It was carried out on a long-term experiment field in Skierniewice in Central Poland maintained with no alterations since 1923 under rye monoculture. The treatments included mineral (CaNPK), mineral-organic (CaNPK + M) and organic (Ca + M) fertilization. Measurements were conducted during the growing periods of 2012 and 2013. N2O emissions from the soil were measured in situ by the means of infrared spectroscopy using a portable FTIR spectrometer Alpha. N2O fluxes over the measurement periods showed high variability with range 0.13-11.20 g N2O-N/ha/day (median 2.87, mean 3.16) from mineral treated soil, 0.23-11.06 g N2O-N/ha/day (median 3.64, mean 3.33) from mineral-organic treated soil and 0.25-12.28 g N2O-N/ha/day (median 3.14, mean 3.55) from organic treated soil. N2O fluxes from manure-treated soils were slightly higher than those from soils treated exclusively with mineral fertilizers. N2O fluxes were positively correlated with soil temperature, air temperature, and content of both, NO3- and NH4+, in the soil (0-25 cm) and, to a lesser degree, negatively correlated with soil moisture. Based on the measured N2O flux and its relationship with environmental factors it can be concluded that both, nitrification and denitrification the are important sources of N2O in mineral soils of Central Poland, where the average soil water-filled pore space during the growing period range from 22-35%. Under the climate, soil and fertilization conditions in Central Poland, the N2O emission from cultivated soils during the growing period is approximately estimated as 0.64-0.73 kg N/ha. Keywords: N2O emission, rye monoculture, static experiment, organic-mineral fertilization Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 481-488 Volume: 60 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/943/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/943/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201411-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:11:id:943-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Hejcman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Müllerová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Vondráčková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Establishment of Bryum argenteum and concentrations of elements in its biomass on soils contaminated by As, Cd, Pb and Zn Abstract: Using a pot experiment with slightly acidic and alkaline soils anthropogenically contaminated by As, Cd, Pb, and Zn, we assessed how the establishment of Bryum argenteum and concentrations of elements (P, Ca, Mg, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in its biomass are affected by the pH of the substrate, mobility of trace elements, and by quick lime (CaO) and superphosphate (P) additives. Over one vegetation season, in pots naturally colonised by B. argenteum, a substantially higher cover of B. argenteum was recorded on acidic soil that was heavily contaminated with Cd, Pb, and Zn than on alkaline soil with higher As but lower Cd, Pb, and Zn mobility. In acidic soil, the establishment of B. argenteum was substantially improved by CaO additive, which reduced the mobility of Zn and Cd, and by P additive, which improved the P nutritional status and reduced the extremely high concentrations of many elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in its biomass. Although B. argenteum can be used for the monitoring of soil contamination, concentrations of trace elements in its biomass must be evaluated with caution as they can be affected by total and mobile concentrations of elements in the substrate, and by other soil chemical properties. Keywords: silver or silvery-thread moss, metal toxicity and tolerance, arsenic, cadmium, lead, zinc Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 489-495 Volume: 60 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/414/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/414/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201411-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:11:id:414-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kucharski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: M. Dziągwa Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: J. Sadowski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Title: Monitoring of acetochlor residues in soil and maize grain supported by the laboratory study Abstract: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the acetochlor degradation rate in soils and investigate acetochlor contamination of maize grains and soil. Two kinds of soil: medium silty loam (soil A) and heavy loamy sand (soil B) were collected for the laboratory experiment. The degradation data were plotted. Good linearity was found between logarithmic concentration of acetochlor residues and time, indicating first-order rates of degradation. The t1/2 values varied from 10.5 days for soil A to 15.1 days for soil B. The degradation rate depends on the soil properties. In the soil A (higher content of clay and organic carbon) the t1/2 value was shorter than in the soil B. Monitoring tests were carried out during the 2010-2012 time period on maize fields located in the south-western Poland. Soil and maize grain samples were collected at harvest time. The determination of acetochlor residues was conducted using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Based on the analysis of a total of 124 environmental samples, acetochlor residues were detected in 17.4% of soil and 8.1% of maize grain samples. None of the examined samples showed a herbicide concentration exceeding the maximum residue level. Keywords: herbicide, plant, degradation, chloroacetamide, gas chromatography Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 496-500 Volume: 60 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/624/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/624/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201411-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:11:id:624-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kumhálová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Zemek Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Novák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Brovkina Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Mayerová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biomathematics and Databases, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Use of Landsat images for yield evaluation within a small plot Abstract: Many factors can influence crop yield. One of the most important factors is topography, which can play a crucial role especially in dry years. Plant variability can be monitored by many methods. This paper evaluates the suitability of vegetation indices derived from satellite Landsat 5 TM data in comparison with yield, curvature and topography wetness index over a relatively small field (11.5 ha). Imageries were chosen from the years 2006 and 2010, when oat was grown and from 2005 and 2011, when winter wheat was grown. These images were taken in June in the same growth stage for every crop. It was confirmed that derived indices from Landsat images can be used for comparison with yield and selected topographic attributes and it can explain yield variability, which can be influenced by water distribution during growth stages. Correlation coefficient between moisture stress index and winter wheat yield was -0.816 in the image acquisition date of 4. 6. 2011. Keywords: vegetation indices, topography, plant variability, growth stage, weather conditions Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 501-506 Volume: 60 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/515/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/515/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201411-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:11:id:515-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Pikuła Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: A. Rutkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Title: Effect of leguminous crop and fertilization on soil organic carbon in 30-years field experiment Abstract: The paper presents the results of over 30-years of field experiment on soil organic carbon accumulation under different crop rotation, manure and mineral N fertilization. The experiment was conducted with two crop rotations: A - recognized as soil exhausting from humus (potatoes, winter wheat, spring barley and corn) and B enriching soil with humus (potatoes, winter wheat, spring barley, and clover with grass mixture). In each crop rotation, five rates of manure - 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 t/ha and four rates of mineral fertilizers N1, N2, N3 and N4 were applied. At the beginning of the experiment in 1979, the initial organic carbon content amounted to 0.74%, and after 33 years dropped to 0.61% in crop rotation without legumes. On the contrary, in crop rotation with clover - grass mixture, the tendency to stabilization of organic carbon quantity in soil was observed with the highest value 0.79% and the lowest one 0.72%. It was found that crop rotation enriching soil with humus produced organic matter ever more than those depleting the soil with humus, regardless of the manure fertilization. Mineral fertilization has modified soil organic carbon content. Keywords: long-term experiment, manure, crop rotation, mineral fertilization, organic matter Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 507-511 Volume: 60 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/436/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/436/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201411-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:11:id:436-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Hamouz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Pazderů Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Orsák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Pivec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hejtmánková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Tomášek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Čížek Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute, Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Title: Effect of cultivar, flesh colour, location and year of cultivation on the glycoalkaloid content in potato tubers Abstract: In the three-year field trials (2009-2011) at two locations with different altitudes a total of 14 potato cultivars with different colour of flesh (yellow, white, red and purple) were grown. The content of total glycoalkaloids (TGA) was determined by HPLC. TGA content ranged from 18.8 to 102.4 mg/kg fresh matter and none of the cultivars reached the value of risk to human health. Conclusive and decisive influence on the content of the TGA was recorded in genotype. Individual cultivars reached 0.47 to 1.45 of the TGA content in the control cv. Agria. In terms of the colour of the flesh the highest TGA content was found in group of red-fleshed cultivars (1.53 × higher than the average of cultivars with yellow or white flesh); while red-fleshed cv. Rote Emma reached the absolutely lowest TGA content of 14 cultivars, which confirms the decisive role of genotype. On warm, dry habitats in the lowlands a higher TGA content was observed when compared with the amount raised in a typical potato field. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, yellow, white, red and purple flesh colour Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 512-517 Volume: 60 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/596/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/596/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201411-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:11:id:596-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Hamouz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hamouzová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Holec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Tyšer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Impact of site-specific weed management in winter crops on weed populations Abstract: This work is focused on evaluating the effects of site-specific weed management (SSWM) on weed populations over a 4-year period. SSWM was used on a 3.07 ha experimental field during 2011-2014 in a rotation of winter wheat and winter oilseed rape. The area was split into application cells of 6 × 10 m and weed abundance was evaluated manually in each cell. Four different herbicide treatments were tested. Standard whole-field herbicide application (blanket spraying) was treatment 1. Treatments 2, 3 and 4 comprised SSWM using different thresholds for post-emergent herbicide applications. SSWM resulted in herbicide savings of 6.3-100% for Galium aparine, 0-84.4% for other dicotyledonous weeds, and 31.3-90.6% for annual monocotyledonous weeds. SSWM led to significantly increased density of G. aparine and Tripleurospermum inodorum in the final experimental year when compared to the blanket treatment. Negative correlation coefficients between 2011 and 2014 plant densities found in SSWM treatments (-0.237 to -0.401) indicate that Apera spica-venti does not establish a long-term soil seed bank. Keywords: weed thresholds, patch spraying, population dynamics, Brassica napus L., Triticum aestivum L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 518-524 Volume: 60 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/636/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/636/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201411-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:11:id:636-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Hejnák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Hniličková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Hnilička Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of ontogeny, heterophylly and leaf position on the gas exchange of the hop plant Abstract: This paper evaluates the influence of ontogeny and the position of bine and offshoot leaves on the rate of photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) in hop plants. In the ontogeny influencing Pn, E and gs among hops. The highest Pn was measured in phase 81-89 BBCH and E and gs in phase 61-69 BBCH. The Pn increased over the course of ontogeny from the 1st to 3rd level of the hop plants. From the 61 BBCH phase, the leaves of the first and second level achieved a photosynthetic maturity and Pn value no longer increased. The third-level leaves achieved photosynthetic maturity from the 81 BBCH phase. Higher E was measured in the upper parts of the hop plant. Pn and E were higher in the bine leaves in the third level of the hop plant over the entire course of the vegetation period. In the first and second level of the hop plant, higher values of Pn were measured in the offshoot leaves. Differences in gs were not noteworthy among the leaf types. Results show that a significant factor affecting the differences in Pn and E in hops is the age of the leaves. Keywords: Humulus lupulus L., rate of photosynthesis, bine leaves, offshoot leaves, ontogenetic development Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 525-530 Volume: 60 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/671/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/671/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201411-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:11:id:671-2014-PSE