Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: Index of volume 60 Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: I-VIII Volume: 60 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7807-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7807-PSE.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:12:id:7807-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Olszewski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Diagnostics and Plant Pathophysiology, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: M. Makowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: A. Pszczółkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Diagnostics and Plant Pathophysiology, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: A. Okorski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Diagnostics and Plant Pathophysiology, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: T. Bieniaszewski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechatronics and Information Technology Education, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Title: The effect of nitrogen fertilization on flag leaf and ear photosynthesis and grain yield of spring wheat Abstract: In a three-year field experiment the assessment of leaves and ears photosynthesis rate in spring wheat was made using a LI-COR 6400 portable photosynthesis system. The photosynthetic rate of spring wheat was affected by cultivars, nitrogen fertilization and weather conditions. We generally found a negative correlation between the yield of spring wheat and the rate of photosynthesis in flag leaves in phases 39-55 BBCH (the strength of this effect depended on the level of nitrogen fertilization). Strong negative correlation occurred for cv. Bryza in phases: 39-51 BBCH in treatment fertilized with lower dose of nitrogen and in phase 39-41 BBCH for dose 120 kg/ha. There was a significant negative correlation for cv. Tybald only in phase 39-41 BBCH for higher dose of nitrogen and 52-55 BBCH for lower dose. Our studies show that the photosynthetic activity of flag leaves decreased from the booting (39-41 BBCH) to heading stage (52-55 BBCH), and their function was taken over by ears. Contrary to flag leaf, in wheat ears the intensity of photosynthesis correlated positively with grain yield for most of the studied period (52-65 BBCH, with highly significant correlation at 56-57 BBCH and - only for high nitrogen treatments - at 59-61 BBCH; a negative correlation was generally observed at a later phase, i.e. at 65-69 BBCH). Contrary to flag leaf photosynthesis, the intensity of this process in wheat ears (at the heading and flowering stages) seems highly relevant for grain yield. High positive correlation was noted in 56-57 BBCH and 61-65 BBCH. However, the study was done in field conditions and for definitive conclusions observations over a longer period would be desirable. Keywords: gas exchange, Li-COR, spring cereals, Triticum aestivum Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 531-536 Volume: 60 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/880/2013-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/880/2013-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201412-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:12:id:880-2013-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Bi Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Xia Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: K. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: D. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Yu Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, Nanchang, P.R. China Title: Effects of long-term chemical fertilization on trends of rice yield and nutrient use efficiency under double rice cultivation in subtropical China Abstract: A long-term (33 years) experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of chemical fertilization on rice yield, yield trends, soil properties, agronomic efficiency of applied nutrients and nutrient balance for the double rice cropping systems in subtropical China. The treatments were different combinations of N, P and K fertilizers (N, NP, NK and NPK), double dose of recommended NPK (2NPK) and no fertilizer control (control). Compared with no fertilizer control, all fertilization treatments had no significant effects on soil pH and SOC contents (P > 0.05), but generally increased nutrients content when corresponding elements were applied. The impact of fertilizers on grain yields was 2NPK > NPK > NP > NK > N, and application of P fertilizer not only increased the rice yield, but improved yield stability. The trend of agronomic use efficiency of applied P was significantly positive (P < 0.05) only for the first rice crop, suggesting that P fertilizer played a less important role in the second rice season than in the first rice season. The study indicated that the current local fertilizer recommendations should be optimized for the consideration of differences in indigenous nutrient supplies in different rice seasons. Keywords: long-term experiment, paddy field, nutrient balance, soil properties, Oryza sativa Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 537-543 Volume: 60 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/315/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/315/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201412-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:12:id:315-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.J. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: H. Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: H.J. Gao Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environments, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: P. Zhu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environments, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Q. Gao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: L.C. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environments, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Title: Effects of long-term fertilization and cropping regimes on total nitrogen and organic nitrogen forms in a Mollisol of Northeast China Abstract: A 22-year (1990-2012) field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of different fertilization and cropping regimes on the quantitative changes of total N and organic N forms in the topsoil (0-20 cm) and subsoil(20-40 cm) of a Mollisol in Northeast China. This study included nine fertilizer treatments on maize monoculture [no fertilizer (CK), N, NP, NK, PK, NPK, NPK combined with maize straw (NPKS), NPK combined with pig manure (NPKM), and 1.5' the rate of NPKM (1.5NPKM)] and one fertilizer treatment with maize-maize-soybean rotation (NPKMR). Compared with the CK treatment, the application of mineral fertilizers alone or in combination with straw generally had no significant effect on the contents of total N and organic N forms, whereas the combined application of mineral fertilizers with manure significantly increased their contents. Manure levels and cropping regimes had no significant effect on the total N content in the topsoil. By contrast, the hydrolysable unknown N content significantly increased with the increasing manure levels, and the amino sugar N content was significantly lower in rotation than in monoculture treatment. Our results imply that manure application integrated with continuous maize cropping can be considered as an optimized strategy for improving soil fertility. Keywords: acid hydrolysable nitrogen, long-term experiment, organic and mineral fertilization, continuous maize, maize-soybean rotation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 544-549 Volume: 60 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/447/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/447/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201412-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:12:id:447-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Rutkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute in Puławy, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: D. Pikuła Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute in Puławy, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: W. Stępień Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland Title: Nitrogen use efficiency of maize and spring barley under potassium fertilization in long-term field experiment Abstract: In the paper, the results of the long-term field experiment on soil depletion from potassium on yields and selected indices of nitrogen use efficiency of maize and spring barley were presented. The factors of the experiment were potassium fertilization (K plus and K minus treatment) and increasing nitrogen rates. Maize responded for soil exhausting from K in yield reduction over all the range of nitrogen rates applied in the experiment, and spring barley only through the highest rates. The greater values of nitrogen use efficiency indices were proven for barley as compared with maize. Potassium fertilization slightly increased agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency of barley. Keywords: Zea mays L., Hordeum vulgare L., potassium and nitrogen interaction, NUE indices Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 550-554 Volume: 60 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/434/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/434/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201412-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:12:id:434-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Severin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Author-Name: J. Breuer Author-Workplace-Name: Reterra Service GmbH, Erftstadt, Germany Author-Name: M. Rex Author-Workplace-Name: Assosciation Slag, Duisburg, Germany Author-Name: J. Stemann Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division 4.4. Thermochemical Residues, Treatment and Resource Recovery, Berlin, Germany Author-Name: Ch. Adam Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division 4.4. Thermochemical Residues, Treatment and Resource Recovery, Berlin, Germany Author-Name: H. Van den Weghe Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Author-Name: M. Kücke Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop and Soil Science, Julius Kühn-Institute, Braunschweig, Germany Title: Phosphate fertilizer value of heat treated sewage sludge ash Abstract: This study focuses on the question whether heat treated sewage sludge ashes are more favourable as fertilizers than untreated sewage sludge ashes (USSA) and whether their fertilization effects are comparable with commercial triple superphosphate (TSP). In a pot experiment, maize was fertilized either with one of three heat treated and Na-, Ca- and Si-compounds amended sewage sludge ashes (two glown phosphates, steel mill slag + sewage sludge ash) or USSA or TSP as control. Fertilization with USSA did not increase the biomass yield and the P uptake of maize in comparison to the P0 treatment (7.25 resp. 8.35 g dry matter/pot). Fertilization with heat treated sewage sludge ashes and TSP resulted in significantly higher yields and plant P uptakes which are on average eight times higher than treatment with USSA and P0 control. Biomass yields and P uptake of maize after fertilization with heat treated sewage sludge ashes are not significantly different from those after TSP fertilization. The main P compound in USSA is Ca3(PO4)2. By heat treatment and amendment with different sodium, calcium, sulphur and silicon containing additives or steel mill converter slag, Ca3(PO4)2 is converted to Ca- and Na-silico-phosphates, which have a higher water solubility than Ca3(PO4)2. This increased solubility is responsible for the high plant availability of this phosphates. Keywords: P recycling, sustainability, P solubility Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 555-561 Volume: 60 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/548/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/548/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201412-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:12:id:548-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Brant Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Pivec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hamouzová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Zábranský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Satrapová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Škeříková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Determination of the influence of herbicides on dicotyledons plant transpiration using the sap flow method Abstract: Physiological parameters are sensitive and provide information on the toxicity of herbicides in plants. The impact of herbicide application on plant transpiration was evaluated by the sap flow method during 2009-2011. The aim of this work was to verify the sap flow method for determining the effect of herbicides on the basis of continuous measurements of the transpiration flow. Helianthus annuus was used as a model plant species. The two different herbicides tested in this study differed by the effect of active ingredients bromoxynil and clopyralid. The water flow was measured using sap flow meter T4.2. The impact of herbicides was assessed by comparing measured transpiration rate (Q) after herbicide application with an extrapolation of transpiration rate of plants before herbicide treatment (Qcalc). After treatment with bromoxynil the Q values decreased significantly compared to Qcalc. For plants treated by clopyralid, the decline of actual transpiration (Q) compared with the modelled one (Qcalc) was less substantial and the plants continued to transpire after the treatment. The effect of herbicides was also verified using infrared gas analyser and chlorophyll fluorescence meter. Keywords: stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, weed Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 562-568 Volume: 60 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/655/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/655/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201412-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:12:id:655-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Seres Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: I. Kiss Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: P. Nagy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: P. Sály Author-Workplace-Name: Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tihany, Hungary Author-Name: B. Darvas Author-Workplace-Name: Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: G. Bakonyi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Title: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation of Cry3 toxin-producing Bt maize and near isogenic maize Abstract: Despite the fact that, on average, approximately 5-6 metric tons/ha of Bt maize stubble enter the soil on more than 170 million of hectares worldwide, the environmental impact of genetically modified maize plants on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is poorly known. In this study, the mycorrhizal colonisation on the roots of Bt maize (DAS-59122-7) and its near isogenic line was examined during the whole vegetation period. Cry3 toxin-producing Bt maize and its near isogenic line were grown in an experimental field in Julianna-major, Nagykovácsi, Hungary. DAS-59122-7 maize produces Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1 toxins and pat proteins for herbicide tolerance. The study assessed whether similar arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation can be observed on the root of the Bt and near isogenic maize line and whether there are any differences in the temporal dynamics of AMF development. The arbuscular, hyphal and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation were higher in the near isogenic line as compared to its Bt counterpart, but no significant effect of the maize line was found as regards vesicle colonisation. The intensity of the arbuscular infection increased over time during plant maturation. DAS-59122-7 Bt maize had a negative effect on the initial development of AMF under field conditions, but no difference was seen in the case of the last two sampling dates (day 82 and 135). The reason of the latter is still not known. Keywords: genetically modified plants (GMPs), AMF colonisation, Zea mays L., side effect, Bacillus thuringiensis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 569-573 Volume: 60 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/674/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/674/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201412-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:12:id:674-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I.S. Travlos Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece Author-Name: M. Lysandrou Author-Workplace-Name: Dow AgroSciences Export SA, Thoriko Lavriou, Lavrio, Greece Author-Name: V. Apostolidis Author-Workplace-Name: Dow AgroSciences Export SA, Thoriko Lavriou, Lavrio, Greece Title: Efficacy of the herbicide GF-2581 (penoxsulam + florasulam) against broadleaf weeds in olives Abstract: Effective weed control in perennial crops is a challenge due to the limited availability of registered herbicides and herbicide resistance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the herbicide GF-2581 (penoxsulam + florasulam) on broadleaf weeds in comparison with other commonly used herbicides. Field trials were conducted in olives, in Etoloakarnania (Agrinio region) for two years (2012 and 2013). Efficacy assessments were made at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after treatment. The GF-2581 formulation provided excellent control of a broad spectrum of broadleaf weed species. The long-term control of Sonchus oleraceous, Conyza canadensis and Stellaria media, provided by GF-2581 during the growing season was significantly greater than that using flumioxazin. When combined with glyphosate or diquat, the level of control of these three weeds was improved. The GF-2581 agent applied pre-emergence followed 14 days later by application of glyphosate provided 100% control in 2012. Lower efficacy levels were observed in 2013 and may have been the result of higher rainfall when compared to 2012. GF-2581 is an effective herbicide product to control broadleaf weeds, as a part of integrated weed control management strategies in olives. Keywords: weed control, long-term activity of herbicides, perennial crops Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 574-579 Volume: 60 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/710/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/710/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201412-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:12:id:710-2014-PSE