Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Remlein-Starosta Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: D. Drożdżyński Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: J. Kowalska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland Title: Occurrence of fungal and pesticides contamination in rapeseeds depending on the cultivars and systems of farming Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of pathogens and pesticide residues in rapeseed samples depending on integrated and organic cultivation systems and cultivars. No pesticide residue was detected in seeds coming from the organic production system. However, trace amounts of pesticide residues admissible in rapeseed protection were detected for samples from integrated pest management. Seeds from both cultivation systems were most frequently infested by fungi Alternaria brassicicola and A. alternata. The greatest number of Leptosphaeria spp. cultures was obtained from seeds from organic cultivation. Keywords: chemical contamination, fungal infestation, Brassica napus, oilseed rape, organic farming Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 49-54 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/760/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/760/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201502-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:2:id:760-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Patkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology and Mycology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: M. Błażewicz-Woźniak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Cultivation and Fertilization of Horticultural Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: M. Konopiński Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Cultivation and Fertilization of Horticultural Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Title: Antagonistic activity of selected fungi occurring in the soil after root chicory cultivation Abstract: The present studies determined the antagonistic activity of selected fungi of the soil environment of root chicory -a high-inulin plant, with considerable pro-health values - towards such fungi pathogenic towards this plant as: Altenaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum, Thanatephorus cucumeris and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The cultivation of root chicory took into consideration soil mulching with cover crops (oats, tansy phacelia and common vetch) as well as the conventional cultivation, i.e. without any cover crops. The total population of fungi after soil mulching with common vetch was almost twice as small as in the control and smaller than with phacelia as a cover plant. Antagonistic Clonostachys spp., Myrothecium spp., Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. displayed differentiated activity towards the studied fungi. The greatest antagonistic effect was observed after the mulch of oats. Besides, oats and common vetch the most positive effect on the antagonistic activity was that of Clonostachys spp., Myrothecium spp., Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. Those fungi were most effective in inhibiting the growth and development of F. oxysporum, T. cucumeris and S. sclerotiorum. Keywords: Cichorium intybus, plant pathogens, soil-borne fungi, antagonistic fungi Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 55-59 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/920/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/920/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201502-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:2:id:920-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Mariotti Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Author-Name: A. Masoni Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Author-Name: L. Ercoli Author-Workplace-Name: Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy Author-Name: I. Arduini Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Title: Nitrogen leaching and residual effect of barley/field bean intercropping Abstract: Cereal/legume intercropping may improve resource use efficiency in agroecosystems and increase yield per unit surface area and yield stability. Two field bean (Vicia faba L.) and four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were mono- and intercropped (additive design) in a 2-year lysimeter experiment on a sandy loam soil. The aim was to test the effect of the cropping system on dry matter and N yield of forage, the residual effect on the subsequent ryegrass crop (Lolium multiflorum Lam. westerwoldicum), and NO3-N leaching in the rotation. Land equivalent ratios were 1.65 for dry matter and 1.67 for N yield, indicating a clear advantage of the intercrop over sole crops. Both species suffered from competition, especially in terms of N resources, but barley was less affected. Nitrate leaching was the lowest from intercrop. Preceding crop significantly affected dry matter, N content and NO3-N leaching of ryegrass. Field bean sole crop gave the highest benefits to ryegrass in terms of forage dry matter and N content, but also the highest NO3-N leaching, followed by the intercrop and the barley sole crop. Barley/field bean intercropping may be an effective strategy to reduce land requirements, N leaching losses and fertilizer inputs, thereby increasing the sustainability of farming systems. Keywords: silage, crop rotation, mixture, N benefit, N loss Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 60-65 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/832/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/832/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201502-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:2:id:832-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Gardening/Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Name: Q.-S. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Gardening/Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Name: X.-H. He Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Eveleigh, Australia Author-Workplace-Name: School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia Title: Exogenous easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein promotes soil aggregation, relevant soil enzyme activities and plant growth in trifoliate orange Abstract: Studies on glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) have focused on soil aggregation and fungal physiology, whereas it is not known how exogenous GRSP could positively impact on these processes, soil enzyme activity and plant growth. Easily extractable GRSP [EE-GRSP, 0.022 mg protein/mL citrate buffer (20 mmol, pH 7.0)] from a 26-year-old citrus orchard was exogenously applied into 5-month-old potted trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) for 3 months to evaluate effects on soil water-stable aggregate distribution, relevant soil enzyme activities and plant growth. Depending on the applied concentrations as 1/2, 1/4 or full strength, exogenous EE-GRSP generally significantly increased the distribution of soil water-stable aggregates and mean weight diameter (MWD, an aggregate stability indicator). Values of MWD and plant biomass production curvilinearly positively correlated with exogenous EE-GRSP applications. Exogenous EE-GRSP generally significantly increased the activity of rhizospheric polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase. Both the 1/2-strength and 1/4-strength, but not the full-strength exogenous EE-GRSP, significantly stimulated plant growth performance. Our results firstly demonstrated the positive contribution of exogenous EE-GRSP to soil aggregation, relevant rhizospheric enzyme activities and/or plant growth, which has important implications for exploring GRSP in enhancing soil structure and/or plant performance. Keywords: N-linked glycoprotein, binding agent, humic substances, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 66-71 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/833/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/833/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201502-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:2:id:833-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kuklová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: H. Hniličková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kukla Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: F. Hnilička Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Environmental impact of the Al smelter on physiology and macronutrient contents in plants and Cambisols Abstract: At present, a serious problem is the loss of soil nutrients in forest ecosystems with acidic atmospheric deposition and heavy metal contamination, which can have negative impact on plant growth. The objective of the research was to verify, whether different distance (1.5 and 18 km) from Al smelter Žiar nad Hronom (Slovak Republic) affects physiology and macronutrient contents (Ca, Mg, K, Na) in plant leaves and Cambisols of the nudal beech forests in Slovenské stredohorie Mts. In the surface of humus horizons significantly lower the amount of Catot was found close to the smelter (stress stand); in Aoq soil horizons up to 60-76% less Natot, Mgtot and Catot was accumulated compared to control stand. Available forms of soil macronutrients were higher in the control stand and compared with stress stand, differences were significant for Ca and Mg. In plant leaves somewhat higher macronutrient contents were found in stress stand, with the exception of Ca. In relation to the physiological characteristics environmental impact of Al smelter significantly influenced photosynthesis of beech, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter of both indicator species and calorific values of sedges in the vicinity of 1.5 km from the emission source. Keywords: anthropogenic pollutants, acidification, leaching, immissions, physiological status Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 72-78 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/881/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/881/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201502-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:2:id:881-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Sun Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-Tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: Z. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Peanut Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: T. Ning Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-Tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: Q. Mi Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-Tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-Tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-Tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: Z. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-Tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Title: Colored polyethylene film mulches on weed control, soil conditions and peanut yield Abstract: A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of colored polyethylene (PE) films on weed control, soil temperature and moisture, and pod yield of peanut. By setting a clear PE film (CF) as control, three colored PE films were studied: black-clear-black color-matching film (BCF), silver grey film (SF) and black film (BF). The colored PE films were effective in controlling weeds compared with CF, while BF had the optimal weed control effect. Compared with CF, the colored PE films were not sensitive to air temperature, and had smaller daily temperature variations. Soil moisture at 0-40 cm depth was higher mulched with the colored PE films than those with CF, and the highest moisture occurred in BF. Peanut covered colored PE films remained higher chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate in the late growth stage. Compared with CF, the pod yields with BCF, SF and BF were significantly increased by 12, 7, and 5% in 2012, and 14, 10, and 5% in 2013, respectively. The treatments of SF and BCF get higher yields in 2012 and in 2013. Accordingly, SF and BCF may be better field-management options for weed control and high yield in peanut field. Keywords: Arachis hypogaea L., mulching, mechanical control, heat dissipation, water evaporation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 79-85 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/882/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/882/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201502-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:2:id:882-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Wuenscher Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: H. Unterfrauner Author-Workplace-Name: Technical Bureau Unterfrauner, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: R. Peticzka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geography and Regional Research, University of Vienna, Author-Name: F. Zehetner Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Title: A comparison of 14 soil phosphorus extraction methods applied to 50 agricultural soils from Central Europe Abstract: Phosphorus (P) fertilization is commonly based on soil testing, for which a variety of different soil P extraction methods are in use. The aim of this study was to compare 14 soil P extraction methods in terms of their extraction yield and their relation to soil properties. Fifty contrasting agricultural topsoils were sampled from Austria and Germany. The soils were extracted with the following methods/extractants: H2O, CaCl2, LiCl, Olsen, Bray and Kurtz II (Bray II), Mehlich 3, calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL), iron oxide impregnated filter papers (Fe-oxide Pi), cation and anion exchange membranes (CAEM), acid ammonium oxalate, citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite, HCl, organic P and total P. The extracted P varied over three orders of magnitude and increased in the order H2O < CaCl2 < LiCl < Fe-oxide Pi < Olsen < CAL < CAEM < Mehlich 3 < Bray II < dithionite < organic P < HCl < oxalate < total P. This sequence is in accordance with previous studies and reflects different extraction mechanisms and P pools. The different extraction methods were generally well correlated, especially when P extraction was achieved by a similar mechanism. The soil properties most influential on P extractability were pH, carbonate content, texture as well as iron oxide content and crystallinity. Our results show that the different extraction methods extract distinct pools of soil P with strongly varying extractability, and that the extractability of a given pool may be influenced by different soil properties to different extents. If and how these relationships translate to plant P uptake requires further examination. Keywords: solubility, plowed layer, nutrients, agriculture, plant-available, crops Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 86-96 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/932/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/932/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201502-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:2:id:932-2014-PSE