Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R.W. Neugschwandtner Author-Workplace-Name: Divisionof Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln, Austria Author-Name: H.-P. Kaul Author-Workplace-Name: Divisionof Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln, Austria Author-Name: P. Liebhard Author-Workplace-Name: Divisionof Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln, Austria Author-Name: H. Wagentristl Author-Workplace-Name: Experimental Farm, Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Groß-Enzersdorf, Austria Title: Winter wheat yields in a long-term tillage experiment under Pannonian climate conditions Abstract: Long-term field experiments are important for assessing the yield response of crops to different tillage systems and pre-crops. An experiment was established in 1996 in Raasdorf (Austria) on a chernozem with four tillage treatments (mouldboard ploughing (MP), no-till (NT), deep conservation tillage and shallow conservation tillage) and two crop rotations. Winter wheat yields were generally at similar levels with all four tillage systems in most years between 1998 and 2012. Yields increased with higher amounts of rainfall during the vegetation period (from October until June) with the smallest increase among tillage treatments in NT. This indicates that MP can be superior to NT regarding yield at higher amounts of rainfall. Pre-crops considerably influenced winter wheat with higher yields after maize, soybean and winter wheat than after sugar beet. In one year with high rainfall, a tillage × pre-crop interaction showed that yields were lower after maize in NT than in other tillage systems whereas yields after sugar beet tended to be higher with NT in years with low rainfall. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., soil tillage, pre-crop, drought Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 145-150 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/820/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/820/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201504-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:4:id:820-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Gyuricza Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: V. Smutný Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Percze Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: B. Pósa Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: M. Birkás Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Title: Soil condition threats in two seasons of extreme weather conditions Abstract: This research started from the observation that soil state defects that occur in a season may result in even more serious after-effects in the following year. The objective of this study was to investigate the striking forms of deterioration in a Chernozem soil that occurred both in the surface and in the deeper layer. In one respect, dust formation, crumb reduction, surface silting, and surface crusting were studied, and an attempt to investigate additional consequences of the dust sedimentation to the nearest compacted layer was made. The degree of the soil deterioration was compared under treatments of bare and covered surfaces and in degraded and preserved soil conditions setting in the selected parts of a long-term trial. Surface cover significantly influenced soil vulnerability resulting in different responses of soil attributes. The surface crust reducing effects of a higher (≥ 55%) surface cover ratio and a lower proportion of dust could statistically be proven (P < 0.001). A favourable rate of surface cover reliably reduced the ratio of clods produced by primary tillage in dry (0.138-0.158 g/g) soil. The results indicate that it is possible to complete methods adaptable to the climate threats mitigation. Keywords: soil quality, erosion, damage, degradation, rainfall Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 151-157 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/855/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/855/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201504-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:4:id:855-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Sawicka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: D. Kalembasa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: D. Skiba Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Title: Variability in macroelement content in the aboveground part of Helianthus tuberosus L. at different nitrogen fertilization levels Abstract: The contents of nitrogen (N), potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and sodium were estimated in tubers of Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus coming from the field experiment conducted over 2010-2012. The experimental factors were the cultivars of Jerusalem artichoke cvs. Albik and Rubik and different nitrogen fertilization levels, against phosphorus and potassium fertilization and the full dose of manure. Determination of elements in the soil and the dry weight of the aerial parts are performed by standard methods. When using a fixed level of phosphorous-potassium fertilizer, the highest sodium content was obtained at a level of 50 kg N/ha, magnesium and sulphur at a dose of 100 kg of N, nitrogen - 150 kg N/ha, potassium and calcium - in the objects of fertilizer phosphorus-potassium, and phosphorus - in the building control without fertilization. Cv. Albik proved to be more abundant in mineral elements than cv. Rubik. The latter was characterized by a higher stability of characteristics. Keywords: animal fodder, topinambour, biomass, macronutrients, nutrition Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 158-163 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/956/2014-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/956/2014-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201504-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:4:id:956-2014-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: U. Sienkiewicz-Cholewa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Weed Science and Tillage Systems in Wrocław, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - Research State Institute in Puławy, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: R. Kieloch Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Weed Science and Tillage Systems in Wrocław, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - Research State Institute in Puławy, Puławy, Poland Title: Effect of sulphur and micronutrients fertilization on yield and fat content in winter rape seeds (Brassica napus L.) Abstract: Three-year strict experiments with winter rapeseed were conducted in three experimental stations. In the research, winter rape fertilization with elemental sulphur (S) in the doses: 20, 40 and 60 kg S/ha, boron (B) - in the dose of 2 kg B/ha and copper (Cu) - 5 kg Cu/ha were applied. Microelements were introduced separately, in treatments B and Cu, as well as in combination B + Cu. The experimental soils featured low content of sulphate sulphur SO42--S and boron, medium and low copper content. Rapeseed fertilization with sulphur, boron and copper resulted in their increased concentration in plants. Sulphur at 40 and 60 kg S/ha doses affected the increase in oilseed rape grain yield by 11-12% compared to the not fertilized treatment. The dose of 20 kg S/ha did not show any significant influence on yield. The yield increased by more than 10% in the comparison to the treatment without B and Cu, was obtained due to boron, as well as combination of boron and copper fertilization. A significant increase in fat content, in relation to not fertilized treatment, ranking from 1.0-1.4% dry matter, was recorded after fertilization with the highest sulphur dose - 60 kg S/ha, as well as after application of boron and copper fertilization. Keywords: macroelement, sulfur deficit, plant nutrition, yield-forming effect, canola Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 164-170 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/24/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/24/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201504-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:4:id:24-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Mathpal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India Author-Name: P.C. Srivastava Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture Author-Name: D. Shankhdhar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India Author-Name: S.C. Shankhdhar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India Title: Zinc enrichment in wheat genotypes under various methods of zinc application Abstract: Around half of the cereal growing soil in the world are zinc (Zn)-deficient and it severally affects the health of plants, animals and humans. In order to investigate the enrichment of Zn in cereals a pot experiment was conducted in two contrasting wheat genotypes viz., UP2628 (Zn efficient) and UP262 (Zn inefficient) under different methods of Zn application such as control (0 Zn), soil application (5 mg Zn/kg soil tagged with 3.7 MBq of 65Zn/pot), foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 at 30, 60 and 90 days (tagged with 925 KBq of 65Zn/pot), soil application (5 mg Zn/kg soil tagged with 3.7 MBq of 65Zn/pot) + foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 at 30, 60 and 90 days (tagged with 925 KBq of 65Zn/pot). Cultivars showed marked difference in 65Zn accumulation and grain Zn content. In both contrasting genotypes the highest Zn content in grains was recorded under soil application + foliar spray of Zn fertilizers. Both UP262 and UP2628 showed similar accumulation of 65Zn in leaves however, UP2628 exhibited better translocation efficiency and accumulated higher 65Zn in stem and grains than UP262. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., zinc deficiency, zinc availability, micronutrient, nutritional quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 171-175 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/41/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/41/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201504-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:4:id:41-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: X. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Science and Technology, South West University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, USA Author-Name: H. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Science and Technology, South West University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Name: M. Hao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Title: Effects of straw covering methods on runoff and soil erosion in summer maize field on the Loess Plateau of China Abstract: The objective of this paper is to clarify the impacts of straw covering method on runoff and soil erosion in summer maize field on the Loess Plateau of China. A field experiment was conducted (2012-2014) in the artificial raining hall of the State Key Laboratory, with three soils and five straw covering methods. Three soils were Heilu soil (Calcisols), Huangmian soil (Fluvisols) and Lou soil (Anthrosols). Five straw covering methods were CK - no straw mulching and no stubble standing on the surface of the plot; T30 - 30 cm of winter wheat (WW) stubble standing above ground; M30 - 30 cm of WW stubble was harvest and mulched on the surface of the plot; M10T20 - 20 cm of WW stubble standing and 10 cm WW straw mulching on the surface of the plot; M20T10 - 10 cm of WW stubble standing and 20 cm of WW straw mulching on the surface of the plot. The results showed that (1) straw covering method not only impacted ITRP (initial time of runoff producing), but also affected runoff volume in summer maize field on the Loess Plateau of China. M10T20 was the best to postpone ITRP and to reduce runoff volume in summer maize field. (2) Different covering methods produced different sediment yield in summer maize field. M30 was the best to reduce soil erosion in summer maize field on the Loess Plateau of China. (3) When one covering method was used to reduce runoff or soil erosion, bulk density and soil mechanical composition (silt content, clay content and sand content) should be considered seriously. Keywords: straw mulching, stubble standing, Triticum aestivum L., arid and semi-arid areas Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 176-181 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/4/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201504-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:4:id:4-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: StateKey Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Shi Author-Workplace-Name: StateKey Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: W. Gong Author-Workplace-Name: StateKey Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Du Author-Workplace-Name: StateKey Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Y.Y. Ma Author-Workplace-Name: StateKey Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: B. Zhu Author-Workplace-Name: StateKey Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: S.L. Song Author-Workplace-Name: Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Title: Application of fluorescence spectrum to precisely inverse paddy rice nitrogen content Abstract: Paddy rice is important for Chinese agriculture and crop production, which largely depends on the leaf nitrogen (N) levels. The purpose of this study is to discuss the relationship between the fluorescence parameters and leaf N content of paddy rice and to test their performance in inversing N content of crops through back-propagation (B-P) neural network. In the correlative analysis of the fluorescence parameters and the N content, we found that the correlation between fluorescence ratios (F740/F685 and F685/F525 (F740, F685, F525 - intensity of fluorescence at 740, 685 and 525 nm, respectively)) and the N content (R2 are 0.735 and 0.4342, respectively) is weaker than that between the intensity of fluorescence peaks (F685 and F740) and N content (R2 are 0.9743 and 0.9686, respectively). Our studies show that the accuracy and precision of N content inversion which is acquired from the intensity of fluorescence peaks through the B-P neural network model are significantly improved (root mean square error (MSRE) = 0.1702, the residual changes between -0.1-0.1 mg/g) compared with the fluorescence ratio (MSRE = 0.3655, the residual changes from -0.3-0.3 mg/g). Results demonstrate that the intensity of fluorescence peaks can be as a characteristic parameter to estimate N content of crops leaf. The B-P neural network model will be serviceable approach in inversing N content of paddy leaf. Keywords: remote sensing, N fertilization strategies, nutrient stress, chlorophyll Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 182-188 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/7/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201504-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:4:id:7-2015-PSE