Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Faměra Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Mayerová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Burešová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Kouřimská Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Prášilová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Influence of selected factors on the content and properties of starch in the grain of non-food wheat Abstract: Three non-food cultivars of winter wheat (Biscay, Clarus, Rapsodia) were grown at four locations in the Czech Republic with different agro-ecological conditions in the years 2005-2008 and two levels of nitrogen fertilization - 90 and 120 kg N/ha were used. The influence of growing conditions (year, location, cultivation technology) on grain yield, starch content, protein, gluten, share of amylose in starch, falling number and amylographic characteristics. All qualitative indicators were significantly affected by the weather. Wheat grown in the areas 500 m a.s.l. had lower grain yield of 2.8 t/ha (8.4 t/ha), higher starch content of 2.1% (69.0%) and lower content of proteins by 1.8% (10.2%) in grain than wheat grown in the fertile conditions (below 300 m a.s.l.). The cv. Biscay had the highest starch content of 68%; the proportion of amylose in the starch was in the range 22-27%. The content of proteins was negatively correlated with starch content (r = -0.89). The level of damage of starch α-amylase was most affected by wet weather during ripening - falling number was 62 s, with a very low amylographic gelatinization maximum(30-155 Brabender units) and a low gelatinization temperature at the maximum (67-74°C). The respective values recorded in dry conditions were ca 300 s, AU 600 and 90°C. Most damaged starch was recorded in the cv. Clarus. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., climatic conditions, flour, starch production, bioethanol Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 241-246 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/13/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/13/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201506-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:6:id:13-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Andruszczak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Ecology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: U. Gawlik-Dziki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: P. Kraska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Ecology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: E. Kwiecińska-Poppe Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Ecology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: K. Różyło Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Ecology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: E. Pałys Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Ecology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Title: Yield and quality traits of two linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars as affected by some agronomic factors Abstract: A field experiment was conducted on rendzina soil in the years 2010-2012. The seeds of two linseed cultivars (Szafir and Oliwin) were sown at row spacing of 15 cm and 25 cm. Three agrotechnical levels in different nitrogen doses and with or without application of herbicides were used. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of row spacing on yield, seed protein and oil content of two linseed cultivars grown under different conditions of mineral fertilization and chemical weed control. Results showed that cv. Szafir was characterized by significantly higher seed yield (on average by 20.2%) and protein content (by 2.6%) while cv. Oliwin had higher content of oil (by 4.9%). Intensive technology of cultivation (80 kg N/ha, Linurex 50 WP, Fusilade Forte 150 EC, Glean 75 WP), compared to the economical technology (40 kg N/ha, without herbicides), significantly increased the seed yield of both linseed cultivars (on average by 80-102%). This was due to higher plant density, higher number of branches, and higher number of capsules per plant. The intensive technology of cultivation had a beneficial effect on the content of α-linolenic acid in linseed seed. Keywords: flax, flaxseed, seeding rate, yield components, fatty acids Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 247-252 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/120/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/120/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201506-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:6:id:120-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Cai Author-Workplace-Name: StateExperimental Station of Agro-Ecosystem in Fengqiu, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Chinese Arid Area Research Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, P.R. China Author-Name: C. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: StateExperimental Station of Agro-Ecosystem in Fengqiu, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Huang Author-Workplace-Name: Agriculture Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: H. Huang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, P.R. China Author-Name: B. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Chinese Arid Area Research Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China Author-Name: Z. Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: StateExperimental Station of Agro-Ecosystem in Fengqiu, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: StateExperimental Station of Agro-Ecosystem in Fengqiu, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Z. Jia Author-Workplace-Name: Chinese Arid Area Research Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China Title: Effects of different straw mulch modes on soil water storage and water use efficiency of spring maize (Zea mays L.) in the Loess Plateau of China Abstract: The effects of different modes of straw mulch on soil water storage, grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of spring maize (Zea mays L.) were evaluated from 2007-2010 at the Dry Farming Base of Northwest A&F University, in the Loess Plateau of China. Seven treatments were conducted, including conventional tillage without straw mulch (CK), maize straw mulch for the whole year (WSM) at the rates of 4 500, 9 000 (S2) and 13 500 kg/ha (S3), and maize straw mulch only during growth period (GSM) at the rates of 4 500, 9 000 and 13 500 kg/ha. The results showed that the 3-year average soil water storage within the 200 cm soil depth for the WSM was increased when compared to the CK and GSM; the three-year average grain yield increased with straw mulch rate, and WSM and GSM increased the average grain yield by 4.4% and 2.0% when compared to CK; the WUE were also increased in straw mulch treatment; however, there were no significant differences in the grain yield and WUE between the S2 and S3. Therefore, the WSM mode with maize straw mulch rate of 9 000 kg/ha was preferable for the Loess Plateau of China with the precipitation lower than 390 mm during the growth period of spring maize. Keywords: soil water content, water shortage, crop productivity, subarid region Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 253-259 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/76/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/76/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201506-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:6:id:76-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: W. Cao Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: K. Thorup-Kristensen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Author-Name: J. Bai Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Gao Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: D. Chang Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Effect of Orychophragmus violaceus incorporation on nitrogen uptake in succeeding maize Abstract: Winter Orychophragmus violaceus (OV)/spring maize is a novel eco-agricultural system in North China Plain, but little is known about OV's nitrogen (N) effects on succeeding maize growth and its contribution to maize N uptake and utilization during the growth. A pot experiment using 15N was conducted, including five treatments: (1) Control - without OV incorporation and N fertilizer; (2) G - high 15N labelled-OV incorporation; (3) 50%G - lower 15N labelled-OV incorporation; (4) F - 15N labelled urea fertilizer merely; (5) G + F - high OV incorporation combined with urea fertilizer. Increasing OV incorporation rate increased maize dry matter, yield, and total N uptake. Approximately 84-97% of the released OV's nitrogen was absorbed before the V8 (the 8th leaf fully expanded) stage in G and 50%G treatments. However, only 19% of the released OV's nitrogen was taken up at this period in G + F, and the rest was absorbed from V8 to maturity. G treated maize doubled the OV's nitrogen uptake than the 50%G at maturity, and also had higher percentage contribution of OV's N to total N accumulation. The G and 50%G maize obtained similar OV's nitrogen use efficiency of 30%; however, this efficiency was further improved to 43% in the G + F. And more, G + F treatment further improved the maize yield by 9% compared to F treatments. Keywords: green manure, nitrogen sources, Zea mays L., cover crops Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 260-265 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/178/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/178/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201506-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:6:id:178-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K.J. Jankowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology, Agricultural Production Management and Agribusiness, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: Ł. Kijewski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology, Agricultural Production Management and Agribusiness, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: S. Krzebietke Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Protection, University Author-Name: W.S. Budzyński Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology, Agricultural Production Management and Agribusiness, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Title: The effect of sulphur fertilization on macronutrient concentrations in the post-harvest biomass of mustard Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sulphur (S) fertilization on macronutrient concentrations in the roots, straw and oil cake of white mustard and Indian mustard. The experiment was conducted in northeastern Poland (2006-2008). The highest content of N, P, K, Mg and S was noted in the oil cake of both mustard species. Sulphur fertilization increased S concentrations and had no effect on Mg concentrations in the roots of white mustard and Indian mustard. Sulphur fertilizers applied to soil significantly increased the content of N, K and Ca in the roots of Indian mustard, whereas they had no significant effect on the content of N, P and Ca, and decreased K concentrations in the roots of white mustard. Sulphur fertilization led to a significant decrease in N content, and an increase in the content of K and Ca in the straw of both mustard species. Sulphur fertilization significantly decreased P concentrations and increased S concentrations in the oil cake of both mustard species. In response to S fertilization, the content of N and K decreased in the oil cake of Indian mustard, but did not change significantly in the oil cake of white mustard. Therefore, S fertilization significantly differentiated the fertilizing value of post-harvest residues and the feeding value of white mustard and Indian mustard seeds. Keywords: Brassicaceae crops, Sinapis alba, Brassica juncea, mineral composition Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 266-272 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/119/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/119/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201506-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:6:id:119-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Lenart-Boroń Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: K. Wolny-Koładka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Title: Heavy metal concentration and the occurrence of selected microorganisms in soils of a steelworks area in Poland Abstract: This study was aimed to determine the impact of risk element content on the prevalence of the selected microbial groups in industrial soils of one of the steelworks in Poland. The concentration of heavy metals: Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn along with soil pH and the number of mesophilic bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and Azotobacter was assessed in 20 soil samples. The limit concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn were exceeded in five sites. However, even in these strongly contaminates sites, the studied microorganisms were abundant. The correlation between the concentration of heavy metals and microbial numbers was very weak and statistically insignificant. High numbers of fungi were observed in the contaminated sites, which was particularly interesting in one of the sites, strongly contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn. Keywords: toxic, contamination, microbial community, pollution, industry Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 273-278 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/217/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/217/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201506-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:6:id:217-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Procházka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Štranc Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Pazderů Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Štranc Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Jedličková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The possibilities of increasing the production abilities of soya vegetation by seed treatment with biologically active compounds Abstract: In three-years experiments soya seeds were treated with biologically active compounds: Lignohumate B (mixture of humic and fulvic acids), Lexin (mixture of humic and fulvic acids enriched by auxins), brassinosteroid (syntetic analogue of natural 24 epibrassinolide) and so-called complete seed treatment (mixture of saturated solution of sucrose, Lexin, fungicide Maxim XL 035FS and adjuvant on the base of pinolene Agrovital). During vegetation following characteristics were observed: field germination, density of vegetation after germination and before harvest, height of plants, height of apical part of the lowest pod from the ground and yield. The results imply that the most effective way of seed treatment is the complete seed treatment, which ensured the yield of 3.29 t of seeds per hectare (average for three years), the second best was the treatment with the compound Lexin, thanks to which the achieved yield was 3.18 t of seeds per hectare. Keywords: soybean, emergence, biostimulant, humic acid, auxins Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 279-284 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/225/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/225/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201506-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:6:id:225-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Zemanová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Pavlík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Kyjaková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Changes in the contents of amino acids and the profile of fatty acids in response to cadmium contamination in spinach Abstract: Changes of amino acid (AAs) contents (glutamic acid - Glu, aspartic acid - Asp) and fatty acids profile (FAs) in spinach under cadmium (Cd) soil contamination (Cd1 = 30, Cd2 = 60, Cd3 = 90 mg/kg soil) are reported here. Spinach plants were sampled 25, 40, 55 and 75 days after sowing. Growing Cd soil contamination was associated with the strong inhibition of above-ground biomass (23.5-6.3 g dry matter per pot) and with the enhancement of Cd content (0.60-72.38 mg/kg dry matter) in leaves. During 55 days of plant growing the increase of Glu and Asp content was associated with the enhancement of Cd content. The highest accumulation of AAs was determined on Cd3 treatment after 55 days of cultivation. Strong decreases of both AAs were confirmed in the last sampling period for Cd treatments (reduction of Glu content of Cd3 treatment to ca. 64% and Asp content to ca. 72% in contrast to control). The content of saturated fatty acids increased (mainly palmitic acid) and the content of unsaturated fatty acids decreased in spinach aboveground biomass with increasing Cd concentration. Results of multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA showed the significant effect of Cd contamination for FAs metabolism, but the most significant effect was confirmed for plant growing period. Keywords: abiotic stress, heavy metals, peroxidation of lipids, Spinacia oleracea L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 285-290 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/274/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/274/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201506-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:6:id:274-2015-PSE