Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Szczepaniak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: W. Grzebisz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: J. Potarzycki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: R. Łukowiak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: K. Przygocka-Cyna Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: Nutritional status of winter oilseed rape in cardinal stages of growth as the yield indicator Abstract: Nutritional status of the seed crop during its vegetative growth is a tool for a reliable yield prognosis. This approach has been validated for oilseed rape in three 2007/2008, 2008/2009, and 2009/2010 seasons. The field experimental design was: untreated control, NP, NPK, NPKMgS1 (1/3 total MgS rate, spring applied), NPKMgS2 (total rate, autumn), NPKMgS3 (2/3 - autumn, 1/3 - spring). The concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu were measured in two stages: rosette (whole plant) and flowering (leaves). The yield prognosis was based on path analysis and stepwise regression. The elevated concentration of P, Ca, and Zn in plants at the rosette stage was the early symptom of nutrient imbalance. The Mg concentration in plant leaves at flowering was revealed as the decisive yield predictor. The manner of its management in plant canopy during the yield forming period (YFP) was crucial for the harvested yield. It was documented that each factor leading to increase in Ca but decrease in Mg concentration resulted in yield decrease. The key reason of Mg shortage was its low uptake during the YFP and simultaneous increase in Mn concentration. Keywords: balanced fertilization, nutrient concentration, plant parts, Brassica napus Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 291-296 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/150/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/150/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201507-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:7:id:150-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Rus Author-Workplace-Name: Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania from Timisoara, Timișoara, Romania Author-Name: R.M. Sumalan Author-Workplace-Name: Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania from Timisoara, Timișoara, Romania Author-Name: E. Alexa Author-Workplace-Name: Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania from Timisoara, Timișoara, Romania Author-Name: D.M. Copolovici Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Technical and Natural Sciences Research-Development-Innovation of Aurel Vlaicu University, Arad, Romania Author-Name: G. Pop Author-Workplace-Name: Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania from Timisoara, Timișoara, Romania Author-Name: D. Botau Author-Workplace-Name: Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania from Timisoara, Timișoara, Romania Title: Study on chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils obtained from representative species belonging to the Lamiaceae family Abstract: The main objective of the present study is establishing the chemical composition and minimum concentration of essential oil (EO) extracted from Thymus vulgaris L., T. serpyllum L., and Satureja montana L., which induce the mycelial growth inhibition of Verticillium dahliae and Penicillium aurantiogriseum fungi. In vitro testing on CYGA (chloramphenicol-yeast-glucose-agar) medium, with additional oil at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 15 mg/L concentrations and inoculated with harvested plugs from a young mycelium, pointed out a different reaction of the fungus depending on the oil types and concetrations used. The minimum concentration that ensure inhibiting of mycelial growth for V. dahliae with significant differences compared to control is 0.25 mg/L for all types of EO. P. aurantiogriseum proved sensitivity at 0.25 mg/L for T. vulgaris, and S. montana EOs and 0.5 mg/L for T. serpyllum EO. Keywords: natural product, antifungal capacity, herbs, carvacrol, ecological fungicide, GC/MS analysis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 297-302 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/177/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/177/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201507-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:7:id:177-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Břendová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Biochar immobilizes cadmium and zinc and improves phytoextraction potential of willow plants on extremely contaminated soil Abstract: The availability of risk elements in soil can be possibly reduced by various soil additives. Among them, the attention has been recently focused on the research of unconventional soil additive - biochar. The aim of this study was (i) to observe the effect of biochar application on risk elements transport through the soil profile and (ii) to assess the availability of risk elements in biochar amended soil to willow growth. The experiment was established at greenhouse conditions and extremely contaminated soil, reaching 43 mg/kg cadmium (Cd) and 4340 mg/kg zinc (Zn), was used. To observe risk element content in leachate, the lysimeter cylinders were tested. The rates of biochar were 0 (control); 5, 10, and 15% per mass of soil. The results showed that biochar significantly increased biomass production whereas the plant Cd and Zn contents remained unchanged in most cases. In leachate, Cd and Zn content decreased by 99% at all the biochar treatments. We can summarize that biochar appears to be a very effective regulator of availability of observed risk elements and improver agent for biomass production of plants and remediation efficiency. Keywords: heavy metals, soil contamination, Salix × smithiana, phytoremediation, stabilization Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 303-308 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/181/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/181/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201507-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:7:id:181-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Bao Author-Workplace-Name: StateKey Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: K. Ma Author-Workplace-Name: StateKey Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: StateKey Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Lin Author-Workplace-Name: StateKey Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Qu Author-Workplace-Name: StateKey Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Urban dust load impact on gas-exchange parameters and growth of Sophora japonica L. seedlings Abstract: Green space interacts with particulate matters (PM) from urban atmosphere and road dust is a main source of urban PM pollution. We designed a dusting experiment of 21 days to examine the variations of pigments, gas exchange, height increments, and biomass of Sophora japonica seedlings (the most popular tree in Beijing) under 0, 1.45, 3.78, 9.02 and 16.64 g/m2 urban road dust loads. Along with the rising dust loads, total chlorophyll and net photosynthetic rate had logarithmic droppings, from 1.37 ± 0.10 to 0.42 ± 0.03 mg/g and from 9.87 ± 0.18 to 5.69 ±0.69 µmol/m2/s, respectively. The root-shoot ratio of biomass logarithmically increased between 2.17 ± 0.51 and 2.73 ± 0.21. The height increments had a linear decline between 3.8 ± 1.0 and 1.5 ± 0.2 cm. Gas exchange parameters decreased fast in the initial dusting time and then reduced slowly or even increased. When dusted with the maximum foliar dust load of Beijing's street trees for 21 days, photosynthetic performance of S. japonica would decrease by 16%; height increment of S. japonica would decrease by 17%. Leaf biomass decline caused by dust might be a potential risk for street trees. Using plants like S. japonica as street trees or other green spaces could be a good measure to mitigate PM pollution. Keywords: photosynthesis, emission, fly ash, heavy metals, plant stress Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 309-315 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/215/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/215/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201507-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:7:id:215-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W.G. Fu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: F.K. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China Title: Effects of high soil lead concentration on photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in Brassica chinensis L. Abstract: This study determined the effects of high soil lead concentration on photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in Brassica chinensis L. Results showed the net photosynthetic rate, the maximum PSII quantum yield, photochemical quenching, and quantum yield of PSII photochemistry continuously increased until lead concentration reached 600 mg/kg. These parameters slightly decreased when lead concentration reached 900 mg/kg and significantly decreased when reached or exceeded 1200 mg/kg. As lead concentration increased, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decreased; minimum fluorescence increased to different degrees; intercellular CO2 concentration initially decreased, increased, and then sharply decreased; and nonphotochemical quenching initially decreased and then increased. Therefore, soil treatment with 900 mg/kg lead can only slightly affect B. chinensis, whereas those with ≥ 1200 mg/kg can significantly affect this crop. Keywords: photosynthetic physiology, lead stress, suburban or urban area, vegetable consumption, food safety Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 316-321 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/306/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/306/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201507-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:7:id:306-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Dvořák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Tomášek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hamouz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Kuchtová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Reply of mulch systems on weeds and yield components in potatoes Abstract: Surface mulch is an important factor of soil protection technology in the cultivation of potatoes. Presented herein are the results of three years (2009-2011) of field trials at two sites (Leškovice and Uhříněves), where two cultivars (Finka and Katka) were grown. Three mulching treatments (grass mulch after planting, grass mulch before germination and black polypropylene mulch textile) were used in the study. The weight of marketable tubers (tuber over 40 mm) and tuber size distribution were influenced significantly by mulching. The application of grass mulch on surface of the row ensured a 20.5-24.8% increase of weight of marketable tubers and higher occurrence of tubers over 56 mm (resp. tubers 56-60 mm and over 60 mm). There was no consistent effect of grass mulch on the aboveground biomass of weeds. Higher occurrences of larvae of Colorado potato beetle was found on the plots with black polypropylene textile in warmer site Uhříněves. Keywords: water erosion, weed control, crop production, soil moisture, Solanum tuberosum Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 322-327 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/242/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/242/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201507-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:7:id:242-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Zarzecka Author-Workplace-Name: University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: M. Gugała Author-Workplace-Name: University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: A. Sikorska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland Title: The effect of herbicides on the content of glycoalkaloids in the leaves and tubers of potato Abstract: The aim of the studies was to determine the effect of the used herbicides and their mixtures on the level of glycoalkaloids (TGA) in the leaves and tubers of three edible potato cultivars. The studied factors were: I - three cultivars: Cekin, Satina and Tajfun. II - five ways of care: 1. mechanical care - the control object and four objects using herbicides Command 480 EC, Afalon Dispersion 450 SC and Stomp 400 SC. The content of glycoalkaloids both in the leaves and in the tubers of the edible potato significantly depended on the genotype. The highest content of TGA characterised the cv. Cekin - 623.5 mg/kg and 67.21 mg/kg of fresh weight (FW), respectively, while the smallest was found in cv. Satina - 339.3 mg/kg and 33.60 mg/kg of FW, respectively. Herbicides used in the experiment caused the increase of the content of glycoalkaloids compared to the tubers from the control object. However, a significantly higher concentration of TGA was stated after using the mixture of herbicides Command 480 EC + Afalon Dispersion 450 SC and Stomp 400 SC + Afalon Dispersion 450 SC. Keywords: anti-nutrition substance, weed control methods, Solanum tuberosum L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 328-331 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/314/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/314/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201507-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:7:id:314-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Hejnák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Hniličková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Hnilička Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Physiological response of juvenile hop plants to water deficit Abstract: This paper evaluates the response on the rate of photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs) and water use efficiency (WUE) in 15 genotypes of young hop plants (19 BBCH) grown in greenhouses in the conditions of water deficit for the period of 9 days. On the 9th day, the relative content of water in the experimental plants fluctuated between 70.14-75.20%. The levels of Pn and gs evidently dropped in the monitored species as a result of the water deficit. The decrease of Pn in the experimental plants compared with the control group was largest in the Saaz Os. cl. 72 (by 77.5%), Magnum (by 73.3%) and Columbus (by 62.3%). To the contrary, the lowest Pn decrease was noted in the case of genotypes Saaz Late (by 15.7%), Vital (by 23.9%) and Premiant (by 24.2%). All genotypes except for cv. H16 showed an evident decrease of E. Judging by the highest values of WUE, the most effective water management was shown by Premiant, Vital and Saaz Late genotypes. A significant stomatal limitation of photosynthesis due to water stress was identified in the most widely used Czech cultivar, Saaz Os. cl. 72, with low values of stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and transpiration. Keywords: Humulus lupulus L., gas exchange, precipitation deficit, period of drought Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 332-338 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/279/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/279/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201507-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:7:id:279-2015-PSE