Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Syp Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Bioeconomy and System Analysis, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: A. Faber Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Bioeconomy and System Analysis, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: D. Pikuła Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Bioeconomy and System Analysis, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Title: Assessing the impact of management practices on gas emissions and N losses calculated with denitrification-decomposition model Abstract: The study presents the impact of management practices on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and nitrogen (N) losses calculated with a denitrification-decomposition model. Two cropping systems were analysed. The first rotation (A) consisted of potato, winter wheat, spring barley and corn. The second (B) included potato, winter wheat, spring barley and clover with grasses mixture. In A1 and B1 scenarios, fluxes were estimated on the basis of mineral fertilizers input, whereas in A2 and B2 scenarios the assessment of emissions was made with regards to manure. The results indicated that the application of manure in A rotation led to the increase of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, N leaching, N surplus, crop yields, and the decrease of nitrogen use efficiency higher than in B rotation. Additional doses of manure in A2 scenario increased the potential of the accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and global warming potential (GWP) by 157%. In B2 scenario, SOC augmented more than three-fold but GWP increased only by 10%. The N losses and GHG emissions could be minimised by controlling N application through the implementation of nutrient management plan in which N doses are defined based on the crop needs and soil quality. Keywords: crop rotation, modelling, agricultural practice, carbon dioxide, macronutrient Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 433-437 Volume: 61 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/15/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/15/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201510-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:10:id:15-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Nanjing Forest Police College, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Fang Author-Workplace-Name: Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Tian Author-Workplace-Name: Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Title: Tree species composition influenced microbial diversity and nitrogen availability in rhizosphere soil Abstract: A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of monoculture and mixed planting of three tree species on microbial diversity and nitrogen (N) availability in rhizosphere and bulk soils. Six treatments with poplar, willow, and alder mono- or mixed seedlings were grown in the rhizoboxes and both rhizosphere and bulk soils were sampled and analysed after eight-month growth. Microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than in bulk soils based on denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting of 16S- or 18S-rRNA gene fragments of soil microbial community. Tree species composition significantly influenced microbial diversity index and nitrogen contents in the rhizosphere soil, with the highest values of genotypic richness, Shannon diversity index and inorganic nitrogen contents were observed in rhizosphere soils of poplar-alder mixture. Shannon diversity indices of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soils were positively and significantly correlated with nitrogen contents. Alder addition significantly improved genotypic richness, microbial diversity index and nitrogen availability in the rhizosphere soils, suggesting that adding N-fixing alder into poplar plantations is a good option in the practice. Keywords: ecosystem, nutrient cycling, Populus, Salix, Alnus Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 438-443 Volume: 61 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/94/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/94/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201510-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:10:id:94-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W.X. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Feng Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Shang Author-Workplace-Name: Guizhou Tobacco Science Institute, Guiyang, P.R. China Author-Name: G. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: F.B. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Title: Selenium reduces cadmium accumulation and alleviates cadmium-induced quality degradation in tobacco Abstract: A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using two contrasting tobacco cultivars Guiyan1 (Cd-sensitive) and Yunyan2 (Cd-tolerant) to evaluate the effect of external selenium (Se) on Cd-induced degradation of tobacco quality. Results showed that 3 mg/kg Cd reduced K, Mg, Mn, and Zn contents, but increased Cd, P, Ca, Fe contents in both cultivars. Addition of Se in Cd solution (Cd + Se) dramatically alleviated Cd-deteriorate effects on tobacco quality, markedly reduced Cd concentration, but increased Se and K contents in tobacco leaves compared with Cd alone treatment. Exogenous Se counteracted Cd-induced alterations in carbohydrate, e.g. it significantly depressed Cd-induced increase in total/reducing sugar, and sucrose contents, but elevated the reduced starch content. Furthermore, Se significantly depressed the elevated ratios in reducing sugar/total nitrogen, total sugar/total protein and reducing sugar/nicotine, but elevated total nitrogen/nicotine, which returned near to their control levels. Keywords: toxic pollutant, metal, micronutrient, cigarette ash, Nicotiana tabacum L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 444-450 Volume: 61 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/397/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/397/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201510-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:10:id:397-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Zlámalová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Elbl Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Baroň Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Bělíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Technologies, Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Hořice, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Lampíř Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hlušek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Lošák Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Using foliar applications of magnesium and potassium to improve yields and some qualitative parameters of vine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) Abstract: In a three-year field experiment (2011-2013) we assessed the effect of magnesium (MgSO4) and potassium (K2SO4) applied as foliar applications both separately (3.86 kg Mg/ha or 12.44 kg K/ha) and in combination (1.93 kg Mg/ha + 6.22 kg K/ha) on yields of grapes of cv. Zweigelt and some qualitative parameters of the grapes. The applications were repeated 4 times in stages BBCH 15-19; 55; 75 and 83. The experiment was carried out on soil well supplied with Mg and K in the subsoil layer. In terms of average 3-year results the grape yields were by 11.2% (MgSO4), 13.9% (K2SO4) and 6.6% (MgSO4 + K2SO4) significantly higher than the untreated control. The sugar content of grapes (sum of glucose and fructose) was lower (mostly insignificantly) by 0.5-4.3% in all the fertilized treatments than in the untreated control. Fertilization had no significant impact on the pH of must (juice) and ranged between 3.02 and 3.25. The content of titratable acids in the must ranged insignificantly between 8.73 and 10.86 g/L, and average values were the highest in the untreated control. On the basis of these results it is evident that separate applications of Mg and K have a positive effect, in particular in that they stimulate grape yields, and at the same time the effect of the year is significant. Keywords: fruit crop, macronutrient, deficiency, pH of grape must Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 451-457 Volume: 61 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/437/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/437/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201510-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:10:id:437-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Szulc Author-Workplace-Name: AgriculturalChemistry Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: B. Rutkowska Author-Workplace-Name: AgriculturalChemistry Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: M. Hoch Author-Workplace-Name: AgriculturalChemistry Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: E. Spychaj-Fabisiak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Technology and Life Sciences Author-Name: B. Murawska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Technology and Life Sciences Title: Exchangeable silicon content of soil in a long-term fertilization experiment Abstract: Based on a long-term fertilization experiment on a light soil, a study was conducted on the impact of varied fertilization on the levels of silicon forms available in the soil. It was shown that the exchangeable silicon content in the tested soil was very low, which can have a limiting effect on crop yields. Soil pH is a factor that significantly affects the exchangeable silicon content of the soil. Therefore, under the conditions of acidic soils, liming is a treatment that increases the level of silicon forms available to plants in the soil. Keywords: silicon, mineral fertilization, crop rotation, farmyard manure Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 458-461 Volume: 61 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/438/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/438/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201510-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:10:id:438-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Rykaczewska Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Jadwisin, Poland Author-Name: D. Mańkowski Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Jadwisin, Poland Title: The effect of physiological age of potato plants on chosen chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Abstract: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop is the world's number one non-grain food commodity and the fourth main food crop in the world after maize, rice and wheat. It is a typical plant mainly of temperate climate. Chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics is an informative tool for studying the effects of different environmental stresses on photosynthesis. The aim of this work was to study the response of selected potato cultivars to meteorological conditions during the growing season and physiological age of plants using chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters. The pot experiment was carried out over the course of 2 years with six early cultivars. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements were performed on the plants with a Pocket plant efficiency analyzer determined parameters were: Fv/Fm (the ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence) and PI (the performance index of photosystem II). In total 2040 measurements of each parameter were made. Final harvest was performed after full maturity of plants. The results of the experiments were analysed with ANOVA. Changes of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters in terms of physiological age were analysed using polynomial regression model. A significant negative correlation between the maximum air temperature and PI parameter was found as well as a significant negative correlation between physiological age of potato plants and both chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters. Keywords: abiotic stresses, high temperature during growing season, modelling, plant pigment Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 462-467 Volume: 61 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/474/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/474/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201510-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:10:id:474-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Potarzycki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: K. Przygocka-Cyna Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: W. Grzebisz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: W. Szczepaniak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: Effect of zinc application timing on yield formation by two types of maize cultivars Abstract: The yield forming response of maize cultivar to zinc (Zn) application depends on its timing. This hypothesis was validated in 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. The zinc treatments as the first factor were: NPK; NPK + Zn applied before sowing; NPK + Zn applied to maize at the stage of 4th leaf. The second factor was the maize type: stay-green (modern cultivars) - Paroli, Veritis, Anamur; classical (old cultivars) - Inagua, Kirola. The grain yield of modern cultivars responded the best to zinc applied before sowing, whereas the old ones, when applied to foliage. The yield of the stay-green maize depended upon the number of kernels per row, whereas the classical one on all yield structural components. The zinc management in the modern cultivars should be oriented towards maximization of the number of kernels per row, whereas in the old one on its optimization with the simultaneous kernel weight increase. The positive impact of zinc application before sowing on dry matter translocation from vegetative tissues to growing kernels underlines its practical usefulness, especially in areas with frequent water shortage during maize growth. Keywords: Zea mays L., micronutrient, crop biomass, dry matter partitioning and remobilization, yield structure Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 468-474 Volume: 61 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/488/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/488/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201510-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:10:id:488-2015-PSE