Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Kurek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology, Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: R. Steppa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Suchy Las, Poland Author-Name: G. Grzywaczewski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Animal Ecology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: P. Tryjanowski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: The silence of the lambs? Plant diversity in abandoned sheep pens Abstract: This study aimed at investigating the species composition and richness of the flora of abandoned sheep pens in comparison to their immediate neighbourhood. Field research was conducted in the Wielkopolska province of western Poland on 25 circular plots (20 m2) located in the middle of abandoned pens within sheep farms, paired with 25 reference plots established in nearby grasslands. Physicochemical properties of the topsoil were modified considerably by sheep in the past, so some effects continue to this day. Abandoned sheep pens did not differ significantly in plant species richness from control plots, but Urtica dioica, Galium aparine and Rumex obtusifolius, were significantly associated with sheep pens. Similar values of Shannon index and the low Jaccard index of similarity between plot types indicate that although these habitats are not richer in plant species, they are refuges of some characteristic plant species, which are absent or infrequent in neighbouring habitats. Moreover, the changes in physicochemical properties of the soil (higher average ammonium NH4+-N and nitrate NO3--N content) and vegetation structure are very deep, as they have persisted for 25 years. Keywords: herbs richness, historical ecology, soil chemistry, disturbance, fertilization Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 1-8 Volume: 62 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/327/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/327/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201601-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:1:id:327-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Yan Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomy College, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Z. Dai Author-Workplace-Name: Biology Department, Dezhou University, Dezhou, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Science, Xuzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: B. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomy College, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, P.R. China Author-Name: F. Xu Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomy College, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Q. Shao Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomy College, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, P.R. China Author-Name: C. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomy College, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, P.R. China Author-Name: W. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomy College, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, P.R. China Title: Effects of sulphur fertilizer on glutenin macropolymer content and particle size distribution in wheat grain Abstract: Two wheat cultivars (Gaocheng8901 and Yumai50) grown were used to investigate the effect of sulphur fertilizer on the glutenin macropolymer (GMP) size distribution and the contents of glutenin subunits in wheat. The results showed that the contents of GMP, high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) and low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) were improved by sulphur fertilizer under lower nitrogen (N) condition in both cultivars. Under normal N (240 kg N/ha) conditions, sulphur application improved the contents of HMW-GS, LMW-GS and GMP within sulphur rates from 30-60 kg/ha, while decreased when sulphur rate of 90 kg/ha. The volume percentage of GMP particles < 60 μm decreased within sulphur rates from 30-90 kg/ha under lower N treatments. Under normal N condition, the volume percentage of GMP particles > 60 μm increased within the sulphur rates from 30-60 kg/ha, while decreased when excessive sulphur of 90 kg/ha was applied. It is suggested that appropriate sulphur fertilizer was favourable for the formation of large GMP particles, but too much of it was unfavourable under normal nitrogen condition. Sulphur fertilizer did not significantly affect the number distribution of GMP particles in both cultivars. The volume percentage of GMP particles > 60 µm was positively correlated with H/LMW-GS (the ratio of HMW-GS and LMW-GS) and GMP content. It indicated that larger GMP particles had more the ratio of HMW-GS and LMW-GS. And the higher the proportion of larger particles, the higher the content of GMP in wheat grain. Keywords: winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), glutenin macropolymer, nitrogen and sulphur interaction, size distribution Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 9-15 Volume: 62 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/575/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/575/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201601-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:1:id:575-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.K. Engku Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: M. Norida Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: A.S. Juraimi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: M.Y. Rafii Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Putra$2Food Crops Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University of Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: S.N.A. Abdullah Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: M.A. Alam Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Workplace-Name: School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia Title: Gene flow from Clearfield® rice to weedy rice under field conditions Abstract: Imidazolinone-herbicide-resistant Clearfield® (CL) rice permits the selective chemical control of weedy rice (Oryza sativa), a major weed problem in South-East Asian rice growing countries. However, there is major concern involving resistant individuals resulting from gene flow as the cultivated and weedy rice live side by side in the fields. An experiment was conducted in the rice fields of Kuala Rompin, Pahang, Malaysia to determine which Clearfield® rice cultivars and weedy rice cultivars are more prone to hybridization, and the effect on distance between the pollen donor and receptor plants. The experiment was piloted in a split plot design with four replications. Encircled population technique was used to determine the distance between the Clearfield® rice and detection of hybrids (F1). Resistance of progeny was determined after spraying with OnDuty™ and the confirmation of hybrids was done using the SSR primer RM251. Higher survival rate was recorded with cv. CL2 which was significantly different from cv. CL1. Weedy rice cultivar V1 and V2 in CL1 plots differed significantly from the same cultivar from CL2 plots. However, no significant difference was observed between weedy rice cultivars of V3 and V4, either in CL1 or CL2 plots. No survivors were found after second spraying. Suspected hybrids were found up to 5 m however the rate was much lower compared to only 1 m from the CL plots. Keywords: herbicide resistance, hybridization, SSR primer, progeny, Malaysian rice Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 16-22 Volume: 62 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/616/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/616/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201601-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:1:id:616-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.A.A. Mekdad Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt Author-Name: M.M. Rady Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt Title: Response of Beta vulgaris L. to nitrogen and micronutrients in dry environment Abstract: Soils in dry environments, including Egypt, have low fertility and poor structure. To enhance soil fertility and crop performance, management technologies such as plant nutrition and suitable cultivars are needed for such environments. To investigate the yield performance under such conditions, two field trials were conducted using two Beta vulgaris cultivars (Amina - V1; BTS 301 - V2), two nitrogen levels (N1 - 200; N2 - 350 kg N/ha) and two micronutrient mixtures (M1 - Fe + Zn + Mn; M2 - tap water). Results indicated that growth and yields and their qualities were positively (P ≤ 0.05 and/or P ≤ 0.01) affected by all factors singly or in various interactions. The best yield performance was obtained with the trilateral interaction application of V2 × N2 × M1. Correlation analysis revealed presence of highly significant r values between white sugar yield and root yield. Keywords: arid and semi-arid regions, sugar beet, sugar quality, sustainability Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 23-29 Volume: 62 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/631/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/631/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201601-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:1:id:631-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Barłóg Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: A. Nowacka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: R. Błaszyk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: Effect of zinc band application on sugar beet yield, quality and nutrient uptake Abstract: The yield-forming effect of sugar beet fertilization with nitrogen (N) depends on many factors, including the components controlling N metabolism such as zinc (Zn). Two field experiments on soil with an average content of available Zn were conducted to verify the hypothesis. The component was deep band-applied in the form of ZnO suspension together with urea ammonium nitrate, UAN (72 kg/ha). The rates of Zn were as follows: 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 kg/ha. The beet yield (BY) increased in accordance with the Zn rate. The significant BY increase compared to the control was recorded at a level of 1.5 and 2.0 Zn kg/ha, amounting to 14.5% and 21.8%, respectively. The best quality of taproots reflected in biological sugar content was observed at a level of 0.5 kg/ha. In the result, already the rate of 0.5 kg/ha significantly increased sugar yield compared to the control. The effect of Zn application on the nutrient content and uptake depended on the vegetation season, investigated part of the plant and the element. The examined factor significantly affected Zn content in leaves and N in the taproots. Only a total Zn uptake, independently of the seasonal factor, considerably depended on the fertilization applied. Keywords: Beta vulgaris, leaves yield, micronutrient, subsurface banding, zinc oxide Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 30-35 Volume: 62 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/677/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/677/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201601-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:1:id:677-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Hakl Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forage Crops and Grassland Management, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Kunzová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Management, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Konečná Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forage Crops and Grassland Management, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Impact of long-term organic and mineral fertilization on lucerne forage yield over an 8-year period Abstract: Effects of direct fertilization on lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)forage yield have been widely investigated;however there is a lack of published studies investigating the long-term effect of indirect application of mineral and organic fertilization. The main objective of the present research was therefore to investigate differences in forage yield under different combinations of mineral (6 treatments) and organic (3 treatments) fertilization over the past 8 years of long-term experiment conducted since 1955 in Ruzyně.Long-term absence of fertilization provided average annual dry matter yield of 8.64 t/ha. Indirect application of single manure or slurry significantly increased yield to 9.68 and 9.37 t/ha, respectively. Absence of mineral fertilization provided yield of 9.23 t/ha across organic fertilization and an inconsistent effect of the increase of indirectly applied nitrogen (N) rate was observed. The highest yields over 10 t/ha were observed at treatments where combinations of organic fertilization with higher rates of N, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were applied. The trend for yield reduction was observed under increasing N rates within identical P and K fertilization. This research has shown that indirect effect of fertilization should be considered together with stand age when lucerne forage yield is evaluated. Keywords: Fabaceae, alfalfa, harvest year, macronutrients, indirect organic fertilization Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 36-41 Volume: 62 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/660/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/660/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201601-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:1:id:660-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Pazderů Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Vepříková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Capouchová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Konvalina Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Prokinová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Janovská Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Škeříková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Honsová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Changes in the content of various Fusarium mycotoxins forms in germinating winter wheat and spring barley kernels Abstract: Fusarium mycotoxins are frequent contaminants in cereals at temperate zone. Next to deoxynivalenol (DON), there are other masked forms of DON, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) or 3(15)-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3(15)-ADON), but changes among these forms are still insufficiently known. All these forms were evaluated in germinating kernels of wheat and malting barley from deliberated inoculated field plots. Results showed possible occurrence of high initial content of all evaluated DON forms. Total contents of all forms were detected as very steady from start to end of the germination process. It suggests high importance of evaluating not only DON content, but all DON forms simultaneously. Keywords: Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, food chain, contamination, toxic metabolite Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 42-46 Volume: 62 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/708/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/708/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201601-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:1:id:708-2015-PSE