Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Wojciechowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecosystems and Green Areas Management, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Wrocław, Poland Author-Name: J. Zawieja Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecosystems and Green Areas Management, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Wrocław, Poland Author-Name: A. Lehmann Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecosystems and Green Areas Management, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Wrocław, Poland Author-Name: T.R. Sekutowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Weed Science and Tillage Systems, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, National Research Institute, Puławy, Wrocław, Poland Title: The effect of catch crops cultivated in accordance with the agri-environment scheme on weed infestation of spring wheat stand Abstract: The aim of the conducted study was to assess the effect of two types of stubble catch crops (a mixture of legumes and white mustard) as well as varied nitrogen fertilization on weed infestation of a spring wheat stand depending on the adopted tillage system. Weed infestation assessed at the tillering phase of spring wheat showed the lowest number of weeds in direct sowing after the mixed legume catch crop. The next assessment of weed infestation performed at the flowering phase of spring wheat showed that the lowest number of weeds was found in direct sowing immediately after the catch crop of a mixture of legumes and white mustard for the complete nitrogen fertilization rate. The lowest weed dry weight was recorded in conventional tillage after a mixture of legumes for the complete nitrogen fertilization rate and after white mustard for a reduced nitrogen fertilization rate. Keywords: cultivation measures, cereals, Triticum aestivum, weed control, yield Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 99-104 Volume: 62 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/533/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/533/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201603-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:3:id:533-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Hlisnikovský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Management, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Kunzová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Management, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Menšík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Management, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Winter wheat: results of long-term fertilizer experiment in Prague-Ruzyně over the last 60 years Abstract: The study evaluates how sixty years of application of organic manures and mineral fertilizers (ten fertilizer treatments altogether), planting of cultivars with different length of stem (long- and short-stem cultivars) and preceding crops (potatoes and alfalfa) affected grain and straw yields of winter wheat in the Prague-Ruzyně long-term fertilizer experiment (RFE). Fertilizer treatments did not affect grain yield during the first ten years of the RFE experiment (1959-1968), but influenced straw yield. The grain yield ranged from 5.08 (control) to 5.43 (farmyard manure) t/ha, straw yield varied from 6.02 t/ha (control) to 8.31 t/ha (poultry slurry (PS) + N4P2K2). In the last ten years of the RFE experiment (2004-2013) grain yield ranged from 7.01 t/ha (control) to 8.88 t/ha (stale + N4P2K2), while straw yield decreased and varied from 3.12 (control) to 6.21 t/ha (PS + N4P2K2). Comparing the potatoes and alfalfa as preceding crops, the grain yield was 0.5 t/ha higher after alfalfa, but straw yield was 1.3 t/ha higher after potatoes. Introduction of short-stem cultivars increased average grain yield about 2 t/ha and decreased average straw yield about 0.85 t/ha. Keywords: cereals, Triticum aestivum, fertilization, dry stalks, crop rotation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 105-113 Volume: 62 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/746/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/746/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201603-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:3:id:746-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Barányiová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Klem Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute CAS, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic Title: Effect of application of growth regulators on the physiological and yield parameters of winter wheat under water deficit Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of growth regulator applications on yield and physiological parameters of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water deficit. Water deficit was induced artificially by using rain-out shelters in period between booting and late milk ripeness. The effect of growth regulators was evaluated in two contrast years in terms of yield formation (2014-2015). In both years the water deficit caused a significant reduction of grain yield. The negative effect of water deficit was partly alleviated by application of growth regulators. However, the effect of individual growth regulators varied depending on year. In favourable conditions for grain filling (2014) the alleviating effect was more pronounced in application of azoxystrobin which slows down the leaf senescence. On the contrary, in the year with suitable conditions for tillering (2015), the alleviating effect was most apparent in application of chlormequate-chloride. The applications of trinexapac-ethyl and ethephon showed small reduction of negative effect of water deficit consistently in both years. The CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance were recovered particularly by applications of chlormequate-chloride and azoxystrobin. Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were more affected by water deficit in 2014, and the alleviating effect of growth regulators corresponded with yield response. Keywords: PSII photochemistry, number of spikes, photosynthesis, spike productivity, water limitation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 114-120 Volume: 62 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/778/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/778/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201603-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:3:id:778-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Marcolini Author-Workplace-Name: Departmentof Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Author-Name: M. Toselli Author-Workplace-Name: Departmentof Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Author-Name: M. Quartieri Author-Workplace-Name: Departmentof Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Author-Name: P. Gioacchini Author-Workplace-Name: Departmentof Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Author-Name: E. Baldi Author-Workplace-Name: Departmentof Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Author-Name: G. Sorrenti Author-Workplace-Name: Departmentof Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Author-Name: S. Mariani Author-Workplace-Name: Territorial and Production Systems Sustainability Department, Div. Technology and Methodologies for Safeguarding of Health, ENEA, C.R. Casaccia, Roma, Italy Title: Nitrogen and carbon mineralisation of different Meliaceae derivatives Abstract: Among Meliaceae derivatives, neem cake is usually used as a fertilizer; however its origin and industrial processing are often unknown, so that its effect on soil fertility is not predictable. In this study, the effect of soil incorporation of 6 commercial neem cakes and leaves of Melia azedarach L. on nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) dynamics was investigated in a 118-day laboratory incubation experiment. Neem cake at a rate of 8 g/kg of soil and melia leaves at 16 g/kg were incorporated into the soil and their net N and C mineralisation were evaluated 2 h after application and at day 1, 2, 6, 12, 26, 54 and 118, by analysing a 50-g soil sample placed in 250 glass jars. The apparent net N mineralisation was well predicted by N concentration and C/N ratio of derivatives. The derivatives with a C/N ratio < 24 caused a net N mineralisation, whereas those with a C/N ratio ≥ 24 caused net N immobilisation. C mineralisation ranged between 15% and 25% and was not related to chemical composition of the derivative. Neem cake with a C/N ratio < 24 can be used to add N, while neem cake with a C/N ratio > 24 can be used to reduce soil mineral N. Keywords: ammonium-N, Azadirachta indica, CO2, extractable organic C, nitrate-N Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 121-127 Volume: 62 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/637/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/637/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201603-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:3:id:637-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.C. Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: W.H. Su Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: S.H. Fan Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: C.J. Cai Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: X.W. Zhu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: C. Peng Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: X.L. Tang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Effects of various fertilization depths on ammonia volatilization in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) forests Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various fertilization depths on NH3 volatilization loss in Moso bamboo forests in the Huanshan county, Anhui province, China. A complete randomized block design with five treatments was used, including 0 (T0); 10 (T10); 20 (T20) and 30 (T30) cm application depths and no fertilizer treatment (control). Results showed that NH3 volatilization was detected in a single peak curve after fertilization, peaking at the third day for T0 and T10 treatments, and the sixth day for T20 and T30 treatments, respectively. Twelve days later, the fluxes declined to a low level similar to the control. The mean NH3 volatilization flux decreased with the increase of fertilization depth, ranged from 0.71 kg/ha/day for T30 treatment to 1.68 kg/ha/day for T0 treatment. More than 80% of total NH3 volatilization occurred within the first eight days. After the experiment, the cumulative NH3 volatilization of T0 treatment was 26.8 kg/ha, accounting for 20.8% of the total nitrogen (N) application. Compared with the surface application, deep application of N fertilizer was effective in reducing N loss through NH3 volatilization. T20 treatment is recommended in terms of increasing N absorption, diminishing N leaching loss and labor cost. Keywords: nitrogen, NH4+-N concentration, urease activity, cation exchange capacity, macronutrient Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 128-134 Volume: 62 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/733/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/733/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201603-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:3:id:733-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Szulc Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: H. Waligóra Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: T. Michalski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Rybus-Zając Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: P. Olejarski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Knowledge Transfer and Innovation, Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute, Poznan, Poland Title: Efficiency of nitrogen fertilization based on the fertilizer application method and type of maize cultivar (Zea mays L.) Abstract: This article demonstrates the influence of the method using application of 100 kg N/ha of nitrogen fertilizer and hybrid types of maize (Zea mays L.) on selected efficiency indicators used for this macroelement. It was shown that in comparison to traditional broadcast fertilization, fertilization in rows or fertilization in rows combined partly with top dressing increased the values of such characteristics as nitrogen uptake and use, percentage of fertilizer nitrogen in the total nitrogen uptake as well as the agricultural and physiological effectiveness of the nitrogen. All the studied nitrogen effectiveness factors for maize (apart from physiological effectiveness) were significantly higher for the stay-green cultivar. In relation to a traditional cv. ES Palazzo, the cv. ES Paroli stay-green was characterised by poorer use of the nitrogen uptake regardless of the nitrogen fertilizer application method, which was visible in the lower values of physiological effectiveness. Keywords: macronutrient, grain, method of nitrogen fertilization, N application effectiveness factors Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 135-142 Volume: 62 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/654/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/654/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201603-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:3:id:654-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Burak Batir Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey Author-Name: F. Candan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey Author-Name: I. Büyük Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Title: Determination of the DNA changes in the artichoke seedlings (Cynara scolymus L.) subjected to lead and copper stresses Abstract: This study aims at determining the effects of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) on the hyperaccumulator artichoke. The effect of Pb and Cu toxicity with different levels of concentrations (20, 40, 80, 160, 240, 320, 640 and 1280 ppm) caused a decrease in the root length and total soluble protein of the artichoke. As a result of treatment with the Pb and Cu solutions, the changes occurred in RAPD profiles of seedlings and revealed variations like increment and/or loss of bands compared to the control plants. These changes showed a decrease in genomic template stability (GTS, changes in RAPD profile) caused by genotoxicity. RAPD data and GTS values seemed consistent with the results of the root length measurements and total soluble protein analysis. In addition, it was seen that the genomic template stability was significantly affected by direct proportion of primary root length, root dry weight and root total soluble protein content in artichoke subjected to Pb and Cu stresses. As a result, it can be concluded that RAPD analysis based on the used primers in the current study can be applied in combination with physiological and biochemical parameters to measure genotoxic effects of lead and copper on artichoke plants. Keywords: heavy metals, random amplified polymorphic DNA, plant adaptation, abiotic stress Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 143-149 Volume: 62 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/679/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/679/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201603-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:3:id:679-2015-PSE