Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Klima Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology and Agricultural Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: B. Wiśniowska-Kielian Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: A. Lepiarczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology and Agricultural Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Title: The interdependence between the leaf area index value and soil-protecting effectiveness of selected plants Abstract: The study presents results of the one-factor field experiment carried out in years 2005-2011 located on a slope with an inclination of 9%, in the mountain region (southern Poland, 545 m a.s.l.). Soil-protection effectiveness of potato, spring barley and meadow was studied on the basis of vegetation cover forming during whole plant vegetation period, expressed as LAI (leaf area index). The mass of surface runoff from the plots was measured after precipitation and snowmelts causing surface wash-out. The plots were arranged in a randomized block design, in four repetitions. Surface wash-outs were caught in the Słupik's catchers. The soil-protection effectiveness of potato starts when plants cover 80% of the soil surface, in spring barley it was 60%, and for meadow 10%. Reduction of the intensity of surface wash as a result of an increase in the surface of the plants aerial-parts is described in the following simple regression equations: y = -1480.7x + 4094.2 (r = 0.63, n = 216) for potato; y = -59.2x + 157.4 (r = 0.69, n = 200) for spring barley, and y = -1.5097x + 11.6 (r = 0.37, n = 236) for meadow. Meadow protects soil against water erosion 6.8-times more effectively than spring barley and 324-times better than potato. The results enabled verification of the nomograms determining the carbon indicator value in the USLE equation for tested plants under similar conditions. Keywords: rainfall, Solanum tuberosum L., Hordeum vulgare, evaporation, soil protection Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 151-156 Volume: 62 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/639/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/639/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201604-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:4:id:639-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Stręk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: A. Telesiński Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Title: Comparison of selenite (IV) and selenate (VI) effect on some oxidoreductive enzymes in soil contaminated with spent engine oil Abstract: This paper assesses the impact of spent engine oil on activity of dehydrogenase, nitrate reductase, catalase and o-diphenol oxidase in sandy soil, and evaluates biostimulation with selenates in the restoration of homeostasis of soil with spent engine oil. The experiment was carried out on loamy sand samples with organic carbon content of 8.71 g/kg, with the following variable factors: dose of spent engine oil: 0, 2, 10, 50 g/kg dry matter (DM) of soil; selenate application: without selenate, selenite (IV) and selenate (VI) in the amount of 0.05 mmol/kg DM of soil; day of experiment: 1, 7, 14, 28, 56, 112. Obtained results showed that spent engine oil increased activity of dehydrogenase and catalase. Application of selenite (IV) and selenate (VI) to soil non-contaminated with spent engine oil stimulated activity of dehydrogenase and nitrate reductase and inhibited in o-diphenol oxidase. Among selenates tested regarding biostimulation of oxidoreductases in soil contained spent engine, selenate (VI) is more useful than selenite (IV). Keywords: petroleum hydrocarbons, soil enzymes, selenium, remediation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 157-163 Volume: 62 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/740/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/740/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201604-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:4:id:740-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.D.R. Lima Author-Workplace-Name: Nucleus of Basic and Applied Plant Research, University Federal Rural of the Amazon, Paragominas, Brazil Author-Name: U.O. Barros Author-Workplace-Name: Nucleus of Basic and Applied Plant Research, University Federal Rural of the Amazon, Paragominas, Brazil Author-Name: M.A.M. Barbosa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, University Federal of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil Author-Name: F.R. Segura Author-Workplace-Name: Center of Natural and Human Sciences, University Federal of ABC, Santo André, Brazil Author-Name: F.F. Silva Author-Workplace-Name: Agilent Technologies, Barueri, Brazil Author-Name: B.L. Batista Author-Workplace-Name: Center of Natural and Human Sciences, University Federal of ABC, Santo André, Brazil Author-Name: A.K.S. Lobato Author-Workplace-Name: Nucleus of Basic and Applied Plant Research, University Federal Rural of the Amazon, Paragominas, Brazil Title: Silicon mitigates oxidative stress and has positive effects in Eucalyptus platyphylla under aluminium toxicity Abstract: The tolerance to metal toxicity, such as aluminium, can be induced by the formation of Al-Si complexes. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the contribution of Si on nutrient concentrations, compounds linked to oxidative stress, photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange and to determine if Si can improve the tolerance mechanism of young Eucalyptus platyphylla plants exposed to Al toxicity. The experimental setup was completely randomized with four treatments (0, 1.6 mmol/L Al, 2.0 mmol/L Si and 1.6 mmol/L Al + 2.0 mmol/L Si; being described as the control, Al toxicity, Si and Al toxicity + Si, respectively). The treatment with Si attenuated the negative effects of Al on nutrient concentrations by reducing superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage. Pigments and gas exchange exhibited beneficial effects after Si application, with positive interactions also being detected between Si-Al. Therefore, this study demonstrates that Si reduced the oxidative stress and improved the tolerance mechanism of young E. platyphylla plants exposed to Al toxicity. Keywords: metal, nutrition, photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species, toxic element Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 164-170 Volume: 62 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/85/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/85/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201604-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:4:id:85-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Kovář Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Bačinová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Loula Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Fedorova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Use of terraces to mitigate the impacts of overland flow and erosion on a catchment Abstract: The paper presents the impact of a historical system of terraces constructed centuries ago to mitigate the effect of a steep slope on overland flow. Systems of this type were constructed in past centuries by land owners, who then ploughed the land and grew crops on it. They used stones collected from the local agricultural fields as their terracing material. The influence of terraces on overland flow was simulated using the KINFIL. The overland flow is therefore reduced by greater infiltration of extreme rainfall excess flows on the terraces, and the KINFIL model shows to what extent the system of terraces can mitigate the resultant flood and soil erosion. The Knínice locality in North-Western Bohemia, with seven terraces and six field belts between them, was selected as the experimental catchment area. The results compare hydrographs with N-year recurrence of rainfall-runoff time, where N = 10, 20, 50, and 100 years, and the hydraulic variables, e.g. overland flow discharges of a design rainfall, hydraulic depths, flowing water velocity, and shear stress. The comparison provides hydraulic results with terraces and without terraces. The contrast between the results with and without terraces shows the positive role of the system of terraces in protecting the field belts. Keywords: extreme precipitation, infiltration intensity, soil protection Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 171-177 Volume: 62 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/786/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/786/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201604-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:4:id:786-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: W. Gong Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Shi Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Du Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Sun Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: S.-L. Song Author-Workplace-Name: Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Title: Estimation of nitrogen content based on fluorescence spectrum and principal component analysis in paddy rice Abstract: Paddy rice is one of the most important cereal crops in China. Nitrogen (N) is closely related to crops production by influencing the photosynthetic efficiency of paddy rice. In this study, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technology with the help of principal component analysis (PCA) and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) is proposed to monitor leaf N content (LNC) of paddy rice. The PCA is utilized to extract the characteristic variables of LIF spectra by analysing the major attributes. The results showed that the first three principal components (PCs) can explain 95.76% and 93.53% of the total variance contained in the fluorescence spectra for tillering stage and shooting stage, respectively. Then, BPNN was utilized to inverse the LNC on the basis of the first three PCs as input variables and can obtain the satisfactory inversion results (R2 of tillering stage and shooting stage are 0.952 and 0.931, respectively; residual main range from -0.2 to 0.2 mg/g). The experimental results demonstrated that LIF technique combined with multivariate analysis will be a useful method for monitoring the LNC of paddy rice, which can provide consultations for the decision-making of peasants in their N fertilization strategies. Keywords: remote sensing, Oryza sativa, macroelement, environmental pollution, leaf nitrogen content Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 178-183 Volume: 62 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/802/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/802/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201604-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:4:id:802-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Zouhar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Douda Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Dlouhý Author-Workplace-Name: Lučební závody Draslovka a.s., Kolín, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Lišková Author-Workplace-Name: Lučební závody Draslovka a.s., Kolín, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Maňasová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Stejskal Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Using of hydrogen cyanide against Ditylenchus dipsaci nematode present on garlic Abstract: The stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) is a serious quarantine pest of vegetables spreading worldwide via seed and planting material. Currently, a hot water technique is used as the pre-seed treatment, which is difficult to execute and the risk of seed damage is high. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the (a) penetration of gaseous hydrogen cyanide (HCN) into garlic tissue; (b) HCN phytotoxicity, and (c) nematicide potential of HCN against D. dipsaci. Penetration of HCN into the core of the garlic clove was approximately 30% of the concentration inside the fumigation chamber after 30 h of exposure. Decreased emergency was observed only in the exposure treatment lasting 16 and more hours. Garlic cloves naturally infested by D. dipsaci were treated with HCN at a concentration of 20 g/m3 for 12, 18 and 24 h in a fumigation chamber, and 99% mortality was achieved in all three exposure times. Keywords: Allium sativum, pesticide, onion vegetable, crop protection Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 184-188 Volume: 62 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/28/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/28/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201604-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:4:id:28-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G.-Q. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: R.-J. Feng Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Q.-Z. Shui Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, P.R. China Title: Effect of osmotic stress on growth and osmolytes accumulation in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plants Abstract: To investigate the effects of osmotic stress on plant growth, and ions and compatible solutes accumulations of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), in the present study, two-month-old plants were subjected to different degrees of osmotic stress (-0.5, -1.0, and -1.5 MPa) induced by sorbitol for 7 days. The results showed that fresh weight and water content in both leaf blade and leaf petiole significantly decreased by osmotic stress. With the increase of osmotic stress, Na+ concentration in leaf blade showed the significantly increasing trend. However, osmotic stress significantly reduced K+ concentration in lateral root. It was observed that osmotic stress of -1.5 MPa remarkably increased sucrose accumulation in storage root compared to control. In addition, plants accumulated more sucrose and fructose in storage root than in other tissues. Proline concentrations in leaf blade, leaf petiole and storage root significantly increased by osmotic stress of -1.0 MPa and -1.5 MPa; in leaf blade it was to a higher degree than in leaf petiole and storage root. These results suggested that sugar beet plants can adapt to osmotic stress by accumulating more osmolytes, such as Na+, sucrose and proline. Keywords: drought, salinity, glucose, extreme climate, Na+/K+ ratio Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 189-194 Volume: 62 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/101/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/101/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201604-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:4:id:101-2016-PSE