Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.S. Dhadli Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Author-Name: B.S. Brar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Title: Effect of long-term differential application of inorganic fertilizers and manure on soil CO2 emissions Abstract: Carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes from agricultural soils have been considered as one of the important environmental impact issue, due to their role in global warming and also its mitigation by carbon (C) sequestration in soils. Substantial scope of C sequestration with the application of inorganic fertilizers and manures has been reported, but the long-term effects of continuous application need to be critically examined. To study the effect of continuous differential application of NPK fertilizers and farmyard manure (FYM) in maize-wheat cropping system, CO2 fluxes were measured via closed chambers and gas chromatography in a long-term experiment in progress for the past 42 years. The average daily CO2 fluxes differed significantly amongst various treatments and were 55, 26 and 92% higher in NPK, N and NPK + FYM treatments over the control in the maize crop season and 43, 8 and 83% in the wheat crop season. Highly significant correlation of CO2 emissions was found with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the maize and the wheat crop seasons. Although, CO2 emissions were higher from long-term inorganic fertilizers and FYM treatments, still they are environmentally sustainable management practices, as they increased soil fertility and crop yields which consequently resulted in higher atmospheric CO2 capture by plants and carbon sequestration in soils. Keywords: fertilization, soil C-forms, soil N-forms, Zea mays, Triticum spp Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 195-201 Volume: 62 Issue: 5 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/266/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/266/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201605-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:5:id:266-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Yan Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: G. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: B. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Yan Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Xin Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Li Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Zhu Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: K. Bai Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Rong Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Hou Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Effects of livestock grazing on soil nitrogen mineralization on Hulunber meadow steppe, China Abstract: Soil nitrogen (N) cycling is an important factor in terrestrial ecosystems, including grasslands. Understanding the effects of grazing on nitrogen cycling in grassland ecosystems is critical for better management and for improving knowledge of the mechanisms underlying grassland degradation and can provide basic information for sustainable development in grassland ecosystems. In this study, in situ incubation in intact soil cores was used to measure seasonal changes in soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in the meadow steppe of the Hulunber grasslands of northeastern China. Soil plots were subjected to varying intensities of cattle grazing, and soil characteristics including several aspects of the nitrogen cycle were analysed. The findings demonstrate that soil inorganic N pools and nitrogen mineralization peaked in August and that moderate grazing intensity produced higher seasonal mean net N mineralization (Amin); net nitrogen mineralization rate (Rmin); net ammonification rate (Ramm) and net nitrification rate (Rnit). Seasonal mean net mineralization rate was increased by 6-15% in the lightly and moderately grazed plots (0.34-0.46 AU cow/ha) and by 4-5% in the heavily grazed plots (0.69-0.92 AU cow/ha). Also it was found that soil moisture was significantly positively correlated with inorganic N, Amin, Ramm and Rmin and significantly negatively correlated with Rnit, while soil temperature exhibited the opposite effect. The obtained results demonstrated net nitrogen mineralization and ammonium rates, which were strongly linked to grazing intensity, soil temperature and soil moisture. Keywords: inorganic nitrogen, terrestrial ecosystem, climate, grazing intensity, nutrient cycling, environmental factors Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 202-209 Volume: 62 Issue: 5 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/445/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/445/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201605-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:5:id:445-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Rykaczewska Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Jadwisin, Poland Title: The potato minituber production from microtubers in aeroponic culture Abstract: Minituber production by traditional method is an expensive procedure due to limited productivity. In order to increase the multiplication rate of seed material in vitro, multiple techniques have been assayed in the last decades. The aeroponic system is a soilless culture system, where roots are kept in a dark environment saturated with aerosol of nutrient solution. Aeroponics technology is potentially efficient for specific potato cultivars. The aim of this study was to investigate the multiplication rate of microtubers of national cultivars in aeroponics while maintaining weekly intervals between harvests. The total number of harvests was 14 to 15 depending on year. The results of the experiments were analysed with ANOVA and means were separated with the Tukey's test at 5% P-value. The most important parameter of minituber production, their number, was on average 32.5-36.0 per plant and 1268-1396 per m2 depending on cultivar. Number of minitubers was two to three times greater in the case of aeroponic production than by traditional method. A full economic analysis is necessary to prove that this production technique can be put into practice. Keywords: differentiated systems of potato seed production, in vitro seed material, Solanum tuberosum L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 210-214 Volume: 62 Issue: 5 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/686/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/686/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201605-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:5:id:686-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Niedzielski Author-Workplace-Name: Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: L. Kozak Author-Workplace-Name: Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: K. Jakubowski Author-Workplace-Name: Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: W. Wachowiak Author-Workplace-Name: Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: J. Wybieralska Author-Workplace-Name: Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland Title: Microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry in agricultural analysis Abstract: The article describes the use of the recently commercially available technique of microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry with plasma gas (nitrogen) generation for the determination of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium in Mehlich 3 extracts. The specifics of the analysis of the agricultural samples for soil fertility assessment mean there are often a great number of samples to analyse in laboratory (the daily throughput of 500 or more samples). The analytical procedures were adapted to special requirements by the use of the new multielemental instrumental techniques. The detection limits were 0.43; 0.86; 0.20 and 0.06 mg/L; the precision for real sample analysis: 4.6; 1.0; 1.8 and 1.0%; the mean accuracy 97; 92; 107 and 100% for P, Ca, Mg and K, respectively, the real throughput reached 100 samples per hour. Keywords: spectrometric techniques, nutrients extraction, fertilization, macromineral composition Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 215-221 Volume: 62 Issue: 5 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/781/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/781/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201605-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:5:id:781-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.X. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: D.D. Huang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: X.Y. Yi Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: R. Yao Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: C.G. Li Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: A. Liang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: X.P. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Title: Rice yield corresponding to the seedling growth under supplemental green light in mixed light-emitting diodes Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different supplemental intensity of green light in mixed light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedling growth, and their after-effect on grain yield. The rice seedlings were nursed in greenhouse with 30-days continuous supplemental lighting (6 h/day) from three light sources: 75% red + 25% blue (photon flux density) LED (RB), 62.5% red + 25% blue + 12.5% green LED (RBG12.5) and 50% red + 25% blue + 25% green LED (RBG25), and then transplanted into paddy field in two consecutive years (2014 and 2015). The results showed that both shoot and root growth of rice seedlings were enhanced by the addition of green light into red and blue LEDs, but the response of different organ systems depended on the intensity of green light. The low percentage of green light in the light source (RBG12.5) could not only promote the stem elongation, the shoot dry weight accumulation and the root respiration activity but also could change the root morphology (indicated by the total surface area and the average diameter of root), while the high percentage of green light (RBG25) only changed the root morphology and increased the root respiration activity. The influence of light on rice during the seedling stage extends to the end of the maturity stage, with the highest rice grain yield, spikelets per panicle and the grain filling percentage in RBG25. Keywords: green lighting, light intensity, radiation, pigments, productivity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 222-229 Volume: 62 Issue: 5 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/783/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/783/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201605-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:5:id:783-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Klikocka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Science in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: M. Cybulska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Science in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: B. Barczak Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, UTP University Science and Technology Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland Author-Name: B. Narolski Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Science in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: B. Szostak Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Science in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: A. Kobiałka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Science in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: A. Nowak Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Science in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: E. Wójcik Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Science in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Title: The effect of sulphur and nitrogen fertilization on grain yield and technological quality of spring wheat Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilizer on grain yield of spring wheat and its technological quality. A field experiment (2009-2011) was conducted in south-eastern Poland on Cambisols. The experiment included 2 factors: N fertilization (0, 40, 80, 120 kg/ha) and S fertilization (0, 50 kg/ha). The experiment showed that spring wheat cv. Tybalt exhibited a positive reaction of N and S fertilization on grain yield, which was the highest at the application of 80 kg N/ha (5.40 t/ha), increasing by 1.30 t/ha (13.1%) with respect to the control. S fertilization increased grain yield by 3.58%. S application increased significantly the content of gluten by 3.2%, cysteine by 6.0% and methionine by 16.5%. The most beneficial effect on the content of N, S, total protein, gluten, cysteine and methionine was observed for N application a rate of 80 kg/ha and for S at a rate of 50 kg/ha. Positive correlation was found between the content of S in grain and grain yield (r = 0.73). Significant correlations were found also between grain yield and all other quality characteristics except for N and starch content. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., macronutrient, deficiency, nutrition, S-amino acids Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 230-236 Volume: 62 Issue: 5 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/18/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/18/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201605-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:5:id:18-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Patkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology and Mycology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: M. Błażewicz-Woźniak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Cultivation and Fertilization of Horticultural Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: M. Konopiński Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Cultivation and Fertilization of Horticultural Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: D. Wach Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Cultivation and Fertilization of Horticultural Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Title: The effect of cover crops on the fungal and bacterial communities in the soil under carrot cultivation Abstract: The purpose of the study was to establish quantitative and qualitative composition of soil-borne microorganisms in the cultivation of carrot. The experiment considered rye, white mustard, buckwheat and sunflower as cover crops and three systems of cultivation. The population of bacteria and fungi having an antagonistic effect towards selected fungi pathogenic to carrot was determined. The greatest total population of bacteria as well as Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. was observed in the soil when rye was the cover crop. The greatest quantity of fungi was found in the control, a slightly smaller amount - after using sunflower, buckwheat and white mustard. The system of tillage had no effect on the communities of the investigated microorganisms. Rye and white mustard had the most positive effect on the quantity of antagonistic Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Clonostachys spp., Myrothecium spp., Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. Regardless of the tillage system, the smallest quantity of antagonistic microorganisms occurred in the conventional cultivation of carrot. Keywords: Secale cereale, Sinapis alba, Fagopyrum esculentum, Helianthus, soil environment Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 237-242 Volume: 62 Issue: 5 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/117/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/117/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201605-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:5:id:117-2016-PSE