Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Holubík Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Department of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Hrabalíková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Department of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Huislová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Department of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Vopravil Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Department of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Soil wetting effects on fallow and cropland in three different soil types of the Czech Republic Abstract: This paper brings the comparison of characteristic changes of cropland and of land that has been left fallow for ten years. The disruption of soil structure (MWD) was tested and correlated with basic soil parameters (soil texture, soil hydraulic properties (Ksat), soil organic matter content (Cox), gentle acidification (pHKCl)). Sub-wetting processes of MWDs for three soil types (Chernozems, Cambisols, Luvisols) were tested and confronted with the results of a small-rainfall simulator in laboratory conditions. Statistically provable changes occurred on the plots of fallow land, i.e.: (i) decreased risk of water erosion and crustability (MWD), improvement of Ksat, a slight increase in Cox and the outset of pHKCl. The MWDs were poorly correlated (0.23-0.37%) with soil texture and highly (59%) with saturated hydraulic conductivity. The results of this paper confirmed that fallow lands/grass cover lands better infiltrated rainfall and almost eliminated water erosion risk. The results of the detailed evaluation of MWDs and rain simulator for specific soil types presented an extremely high water erosion risk (and high slaking effect) for cropland Luvisol. We have estimated that the soil loss of cropland Luvisol can reach up to 9 t/ha when there is 8-min torrential rain (on dry lands). Keywords: land use, soil aggregate stability, mean weight diameter, soil crustability, small rainfall simulator Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 243-249 Volume: 62 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/357/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/357/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201606-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:6:id:357-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Borowik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: J. Wyszkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Title: Soil moisture as a factor affecting the microbiological and biochemical activity of soil Abstract: The purpose of this research has been to identify relationships between soil moisture and the growth and development of microorganisms, their diversity and the activity of soil enzymes. Four soils with different texture were analysed. Air-dry soils were watered up to the moisture content corresponding to 20, 40 and 60% of the maximum water capacity (MWC) and subsequently were submitted to determinations of the counts of soil microorganisms, colony development index and ecophysiological diversity index for bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. In addition, the response of seven soil enzymes to soil humidity was examined. It was found that the most optimum soil moisture for the development of organotrophic bacteria was the one at the level of 20% of MWC. For Azotobacter spp. bacteria and actinomycetes, the 40% MWC soil moisture level was optimum, while fungi developed the best at the soil moisture level of 60% of MWC. In turn, the activity of soil dehydrogenases, catalase, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase was the highest in soil with 20% of MWC. The principal component analysis showed that the soil moisture determined the microbial and biochemical soil activity to a much lesser degree than did the soil type. Keywords: microbial communities and activity, microbiota, enzymatic activity, ecophysiological biodiversity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 250-255 Volume: 62 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/158/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/158/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201606-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:6:id:158-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Gugała Author-Workplace-Name: University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: K. Zarzecka Author-Workplace-Name: University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: H. Dołęga Author-Workplace-Name: University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: M. Niewęgłowski Author-Workplace-Name: University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: A. Sikorska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland Title: The effect of biostimulants and herbicides on glycoalkaloid accumulation in potato Abstract: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of biostimulants and herbicides on the level of glycoalkaloids in leaves and tubers of three table potato cultivars. The following factors were examined: I - potato cultivars: Bartek, Gawin, Honorata; II - five weed control methods (application of biostimulants and herbicides: 1. mechanical weed control - control treatment and four herbicide or herbicide + biostimulant treatments (Harrier 295 ZC, Harrier 295 ZC + Kelpak SL, Sencor 70 WG, Sencor 70 WG + Asahi SL). The potato tuber content of glycoalkaloids was significantly affected by genotype. The highest total glycoalkaloid (TGA) content was determined in cv. Bartek tubers and the lowest in cv. Honorata tubers, on average 92.31 and 91.14 mg/kg fresh matter, respectively. Herbicides applied alone or in combination with biostimulants contributed to an increase in glycoalkaloids determined in both potato leaves and tubers, compared with the control. However, a significantly higher TGA content was found following the application of Harrier 295 ZC only. Keywords: plant resistance, toxicity, weather conditions, tuberous crop, Solanum tuberosum L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 256-260 Volume: 62 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/187/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/187/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201606-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:6:id:187-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Dražić Author-Workplace-Name: Serbian Association of Plant Breeders and Seed Production, Zemun, Serbia Author-Name: Đ. Glamočlija Author-Workplace-Name: Serbian Association of Plant Breeders and Seed Production, Zemun, Serbia Author-Name: M. Ristić Author-Workplace-Name: Institutefor Medicinal Plant Research Dr Josif Pančić, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Ž. Dolijanović Author-Workplace-Name: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia Author-Name: M. Dražić Author-Workplace-Name: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia Author-Name: S. Pavlović Author-Workplace-Name: Institutefor Medicinal Plant Research Dr Josif Pančić, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: M. Jaramaz Author-Workplace-Name: City of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: D. Jaramaz Author-Workplace-Name: City of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Title: Effect of environment of the rutin content in leaves of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Abstract: The experiments were conducted in four locations in Serbia: Valjevo, Kucevo, Nova Pazova and Surduk in 2012 and 2013. A working hypothesis that growing conditions would not affect the rutin content in buckwheat leaves was set up. The content of rutin in leaves of buckwheat was determined by the HPLC/DAD technique, using the external standard calibration method. Out of the basic biometric parameters, average value, variance, and the variation coefficient were estimated. Results were processed by the analysis of variance for the factorial experiment. The analysis of variance showed existence of significant differences in the rutin content, over locations, but only in the first year of testing. The average content of rutin in the first and the second year was 3.30% and 2.61%, respectively, and in both years of testing it amounted on average to 2.82%. The variation in the rutin content was larger in the second year of testing. On the other hand, this variation was lower in the first year (5.3-29.0%) in comparison to the second year (16.2-28.6%). Relatively lower rutin contents were recorded in samples collected at lower-altitude locations. Keywords: quercetin rutinoside, bioflavonoid content, natural sources of rutin, cultivar Golubica, environmental conditions Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 261-265 Volume: 62 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/233/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/233/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201606-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:6:id:233-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Das Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetable Crops, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India Author-Name: M.K. Pandit Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetable Crops, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India Author-Name: K. Ray Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India Author-Name: K. Bhattacharyya Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India Author-Name: A. Pari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India Author-Name: P. Sidhya Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetable Crops, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India Title: Impact of irrigation and organic matter amendments on arsenic accumulation in selected vegetables Abstract: The present study was set up to investigate the effect of irrigation with naturally arsenic (As)-contaminated water and addition of organic amendments on the As accumulation in frequently consumed vegetables in India (pumpkin, radish and cabbage). An arsenic-stricken village (Ghentugachi, Chakdah Block, Nadia, West Bengal, India; 23°02'N, 88°34'E, 9.75 m a.s.l.) was selected. Pot studies were conducted with the selected vegetables in contaminated soils collected from the selected village. Arsenic-contaminated water (spiked with varying concentrations of AsIII and AsV) was used to irrigate the pots. Use of irrigation water contaminated with arsenic (both AsIII and AsV) reduced the germination and inhibited photosynthetic pigmentation. AsIII contamination remained more harmful. The worst situation was encountered with AsIII contamination at 0.5 mg/L of irrigation water while AsV contamination below 0.2 mg/L of irrigation water remained safe. Field experiments with the selected vegetables were undertaken in the arsenic-stricken village where irrigation water (0.32 ± 0.12 mg/L) and soil (total As 18.15 ± 2.12 mg/kg) were contaminated with arsenic, to characterize the arsenic contamination of the vegetables, to assess the risk of dietary exposure and to study the effect of organic amendments on such contaminations. Vegetable roots accumulated more As than other parts and the accumulation increased with age. Pond (surface) water emerged as safer source for irrigation than shallow tube well water. Organic amendments reduced arsenic contamination significantly and vermicompost was the most efficient in this regard. All the vegetables showed risk (> 100% provisional tolerable weekly intake) of dietary exposure to arsenic. Keywords: toxicity, farmyard manure, Cucurbita pepo, Raphanus sativus, Brassica oleracea, groundwater Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 266-273 Volume: 62 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/363/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/363/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201606-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:6:id:363-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Lošák Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hlušek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Válka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Elbl Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Vítěz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech republic Author-Name: H. Bělíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Technologies, Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Hořice, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Von Bennewitz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Catholic University of the Maule, Curicó, Chile Title: The effect of fertilisation with digestate on kohlrabi yields and quality Abstract: Three treatments were used in a two-year (2014-2015) vegetation pot experiment with kohlrabi of the cv. Moravia: (1) untreated control; (2) digestate; (3) digestate + phosphorus (P). The nitrogen (N) rate was the same in treatments 2-3. There were significant differences between years in all parameters. The weight of single kohlrabi bulbs in the unfertilised control was significantly lower in both years (33.1-46.9%) than in the digestate treatment (100%). Digestate supplemented with P (treatment 3) increased the bulb yield significantly by 11.0-14.3% compared with pure digestate (treatment 2). In both years the content of bulb nitrates (mg NO3-/kg FM (fresh matter)) was significantly the lowest in the unfertilised control (135 and 163, respectively). After digestate applications the nitrates content (mg NO3-/kg FM) increased significantly in both years, i.e. to 315-327 (2014) and to 486-509 (2015) compared to unfertilised control. In two years the content of ascorbic acid (mg/kg FM) did not differ among the three treatments (274-288 in 2014 and 311-329 in 2015). Digestates can be recommended for kohlrabi fertilisation prior to planting. Keywords: anaerobic digestion, vegetable, biogas plants, renewable energy, Brassica oleracea Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 274-278 Volume: 62 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/16/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/16/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201606-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:6:id:16-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Yeboah Author-Workplace-Name: Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Author-Name: R. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Author-Name: L. Cai Author-Workplace-Name: Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Author-Name: L. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Xie Author-Workplace-Name: Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Z. Luo Author-Workplace-Name: Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Author-Name: J. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Title: Tillage effect on soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and crop yield in spring wheat-field pea rotation Abstract: This research was conducted to assess the influence of long-term tillage system on soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, root biomass and crop yield in spring wheat-field pea rotation fields in a rainfed semi-arid environment from 2013 through 2015. The treatments were; conventional tillage with stubble removed (T); no-till with stubble removed (NT); no-till with stubble retained (NTS) and conventional tillage with stubble incorporated (TS) arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replicates. The soil organic carbon in NTS increased by 16% and 14% over T and NT. Compared with the T and NT, NTS increased soil microbial biomass carbon by 42% and 38% in 0-30 cm depth, respectively. Root biomass was significantly increased in NTS by 47% and 54% over T and NT, respectively. Across the three years, NTS had an average grain yield of 53% and 41% higher than T and NT, respectively. Compared with NTS, T and NT decreased root biomass by 54% and 48%, respectively. In view of the limited and erratic biomass production in this region, integration of no-till with straw mulching is recommended for soil fertility improvement, environmental quality and sustainable crop production. Keywords: soil organic matter, straw recycling, carbon sequestration, crop productivity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 279-285 Volume: 62 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/66/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/66/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201606-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:6:id:66-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Płatkowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: A. Telesiński Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Title: Response of soil phosphatases to glyphosate and its formulations - Roundup (laboratory conditions) Abstract: This paper assesses the impact on certain phosphatase activities in soil of glyphosate and its formulations, i.e.: Roundup 360 SL and Roundup TransEnergy 450 SL, which contain various glyphosate salts (isopropylamine and potassium) and various surfactants (polyethoxylated tallow amine and polyethoxylated ether amine). The experiment was carried out on sandy loam samples with organic carbon content of 10.9 g/kg. Aqueous solutions of pure glyphosate and its formulations were added to the soil. The amounts of applied glyphosate and its salts were: 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg. On days 1, 7, 14, 28 and 56 the activity of alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP); acid phosphomonoesterase (ACP); phosphodiesterase (PD); phosphotriesterase (PT) was measured spectrophotometrically. The effect of glyphosate and its formulations depended on the herbicide dosage and day of experiment. ALP and PD were the most susceptible to the presence of glyphosate. A comparison of the impact of glyphosate and its formulations showed that Roundup 360 SL was the most toxic. This could have resulted from the presence of surfactant polyethoxylated tallow amine in formulation. The correlation coefficients and principal component analysis indicated a significant positive relationship between the phosphatase activities in soil containing glyphosate. Significant correlation at P < 0.01 was noted among ALP and ACP, and among ALP and PD. Additionally, at P < 0.05, PD was significantly correlated with ACP, and PT with ALP and with PD. Keywords: decomposition, soil enzymes, phosphorus metabolism Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 286-292 Volume: 62 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/673/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/673/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201606-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:6:id:673-2015-PSE