Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Hniličková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Kuklová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: F. Hnilička Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kukla Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Effect of altitude and age of stands on physiological response of three dominant plants in forests of the Western Carpathians Abstract: The objective of research was to evaluate physiological reaction of dominant plants (Fagus sylvatica, Dryopteris filix-mas, Rubus idaeus) taking advantage of the altitudinal variations in the area of the Slovenský raj National park (Western Carpathians). Secondary spruce stands are the current edificators of phytocoenoses between the ages of 10-15 and 80-100 years, in undergrowths with a mix of naturally regenerated beech and fir. Nutrient contents in top soils followed the change of conditions, such as climate and soil type. The concentrations of available Ca and Mg were relatively fluctuated (CV 44-55%) and decreased with increased altitude. On the other hand, K and P concentrations (CV 38-41%) improved with increased altitude. Results of physiological characteristics of plants showed variations between species in rate of photosynthesis (Pn), rate of transpiration (E) and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm). Effect of altitude appears inconclusive in species monitored and their measured parameters, with the exception of Pn in R. idaeus a D. filix-mas. Influence of better light conditions in youn- ger stands was proved in the values of Fv/Fm for F. sylvatica. Keywords: secondary spruce forests, elevation, ecological conditions, gas exchange, maximal photochemical efficiency Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 341-347 Volume: 62 Issue: 8 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/116/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/116/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201608-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:8:id:116-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Gromadzka Author-Workplace-Name: Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: K. Górna Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: J. Chełkowski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: A. Waśkiewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Poznań, Poland Title: Mycotoxins and related Fusarium species in preharvest maize ear rot in Poland Abstract: This work presents a survey on mycotoxins (seasons 2013 and 2014) and Fusarium species (seasons from 1985 to 2014) in maize ear rot in Poland. Twelve mycotoxins were identified in maize kernel samples exhibiting symptoms of Fusarium ear rot or rotten kernels at the harvest in two locations in Poland during the seasons 2013 and 2014. This is the first complex survey on the co-occurrence of four Fusarium mycotoxin groups in maize kernels: the group of the mycohormone zearalenone; the group of trichothecenes - deoxynivalenol and nivalenol; the group of fumonisins; and the group of cyclic hexadepsipeptides - beauvericin and enniatins; and in addition, moniliformin. Four Fusarium species were identified in preharvest maize ear rot in the 2013 and 2014 harvests namely: F. graminearum, F. poae, F. subglutinans and F. verticillioides. Since 1985, eleven Fusarium species have been identified in 13 investigation seasons. Apart from those mentioned above, F. avenaceum, F. cerealis, F. culmorum and F. sporotrichioides were observed with irregular frequencies, and three species, i.e. F. proliferatum, F. tricinctum and F. equiseti, were identified sporadically. A significant increase of F. verticillioides frequency and a decrease of F. subglutinans frequency and changes of mycotoxin profile have been observed in the two decades since 1995. Keywords: ascomycota, Zea mays L., pathogenic species, infection, toxic metabolites Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 348-354 Volume: 62 Issue: 8 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/119/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/119/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201608-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:8:id:119-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Hlisnikovský Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: G. Mühlbachová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Kunzová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Hejcman Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Pechová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Changes of risky element concentrations under organic and mineral fertilization Abstract: The 28-day incubation experiment was carried out to evaluate the impact of the application of digestate (Dig); digestate with straw (DigSt); pig slurry (Slu) and mineral fertilizer (NPK) on Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn availability, on K2SO4-extractable carbon content and on the soil pH value in long-term contaminated soil. At days three and seven of the experiment, the 0.01 mol/L CaCl2-extractable fractions of Cd, Zn and Mn significantly decreased under organic treatments (Dig, DigSt and Slu) with the most pronounced effect under Dig treatment. The NPK treatment caused the increase of risky element concentrations since day 21 of incubation which was accompanied with pH decrease. The contents of 0.5 mol/L K2SO4-extractable carbon were the highest at day 3 and 7 of incubation in organic treatments. The significant correlations between 0.5 mol/L K2SO4-extractable carbon and CaCl2-extractable metal concentrations showed a close relationship between fresh organic matter added in organic fertilizers and risky element availability, suggesting that newly added labile organic matter can form temporary ligands with risky elements and release them later following its decomposition. Keywords: toxic elements, plant nutrients, residues of anaerobic digestion, heavy metals, mineral and organic fertilizers Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 355-360 Volume: 62 Issue: 8 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/164/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/164/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201608-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:8:id:164-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Peykanpour Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: A.M. Ghehsareh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: J. Fallahzade Author-Workplace-Name: Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: M. Najarian Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Title: Interactive effects of salinity and ozonated water on yield components of cucumber Abstract: A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of salt stress and ozone on yield and yield components of cucumber. The treatments were defined by a two-factorial design of three irrigation water salinity levels (2, 4 and 6 dS/m) and three ozone concentrations (0, 0.5 and 1 ppm). After germination, cucumber seeds were grown in pots containing soil, coco peat and perlite and fed with Hoagland's solution and were imposed with salt and ozone treatments. The results showed that salinity of irrigation water significantly reduced fruit yield of cucumber owing to a decrease both in fruit number and fruit weight. Also, statistical testing showed significant reductions in vitamin C, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root with increasing water salinity. Ozonated water improved fruit yield by increasing fruit number, but had no significant effect on fruit weight. Application of ozone caused significant increases in fresh and dry weight of shoot and leaf area but caused a significant decrease in the vitamin C. Generally, using ozonated water irrigation can induce positive effect on cucumber under salt stress. In conclusion, the saline water in combination with ozone could be recommended in strategic management to grow cucumber (without impaired effects on crop quantity). Keywords: salinization, irrigated land, Cucumis sativus, vegetable, l-ascorbic acid Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 361-366 Volume: 62 Issue: 8 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/170/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/170/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201608-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:8:id:170-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Rutkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: D. Pikuła Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Title: Efficacy of 15N-nitrogen in fertilization of pea mixtures with wheat, barley, and oats Abstract: The effect of mineral nitrogen (N) nutrition on seed production and acquisition of 15N from fertilizers by components of cereal-pea mixtures was investigated. Yields of wheat-pea and oats-pea mixtures raised together with the increase of cereals percentage in the pot, and higher seed yields of mixture with barley was affected by a larger share of pea plants. The percentage of nitrogen derived from fertilizers was significantly higher in cereals as compared with pea. Pea accumulated the greatest quantity of nitrogen from fertilizers in straw and roots, and cereals translocated 15N mainly to ears - grain and glumes with rachis. The percentage of 15N in seeds of pea amounted to 15% on the average, and in grain of cereals - 54% to 60% of the total N taken up. Keywords: cereal-pea mixtures, seeding rate, isotopic method, N distribution within plant Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 367-372 Volume: 62 Issue: 8 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/185/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/185/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201608-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:8:id:185-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Nogalska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Title: Meat and bone meal as fertilizer for spring barley Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether meat and bone meal (MBM) can be used as NP fertilizer for spring barley grown for fodder. A two-factorial field experiment was conducted in Poland. Experimental factor I was MBM dose (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 t/ha/year) which was compared to the mineral fertilization (NPK), factor II was the year of the study (two consecutive years). MBM used in doses higher than 1.0 t/ha had a more beneficial influence on the grain yield of spring barley and grain plumpness than mineral fertilizers. The positive yield-forming effect of MBM doses 2.0 t/ha and 2.5 t/ha was statistically significant. The nitrogen (N) content of grain was similar in treatments with MBM and mineral fertilization. The two highest MBM doses contributed to a significant decrease in the phosphorus (P) content of grain, particularly in the second year of the study, in comparison with the remaining MBM doses and mineral fertilizers. Grain yield and N content were also affected by the year of the study, due to weather conditions and the residual effect of MBM. The optimal MBM dose was 1.5 t/ha, which allowed to produce 5.1 t/ha of the plumpest grain whose N and P content was consistent with the feeding standards for livestock. Keywords: Hordeum vulgare L., thousand grain weight, NP content, uptake, animal meal Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 373-378 Volume: 62 Issue: 8 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/270/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/270/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201608-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:8:id:270-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Ducsay Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Nutrition, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: O. Ložek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Nutrition, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Marček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Nutrition, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Varényiová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Nutrition, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: P. Hozlár Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research and Breeding Station Vígľaš - Pstruša, Pstruša, Slovak Republic Author-Name: T. Lošák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmentalists and Natural Resources, Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Possibility of selenium biofortification of winter wheat grain Abstract: The effect of foliar application of selenium (Se) fertilizers (sodium selenite and selenate) in two different Se doses (10 and 20 g/ha) on grain yield, Se content and mechanical and technological parameters of winter wheat grain was investigated in the field fertilization experiment. Foliar spray application of Se was applied at the growth stage of the 2nd node on the main stem (32 BBCH). Selenate foliar applications in dose 10 g Se per ha showed a significant increase of grain yield in comparison to control treatment without Se application. The mechanical and technological parameters of wheat grain were not significantly affected by both selenite and selenate foliar application. The average Se concentration was significantly lower in 2007/2008 (grain yield 8.72 t/ha) than 2006/2007 (yield 6.35 t/ha) growing season (0.133 versus 0.189 mg Se/kg dry matter). The grain Se absorption efficiency at foliar application of 10 and 20 g Se/ha of selenite and selenate were 1.35-1.45% and 13.24-15.14%, respectively. Keywords: foliar application of selenate and selenite, grain quality, selenium content in grain Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 379-383 Volume: 62 Issue: 8 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/324/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/324/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201608-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:8:id:324-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Maksimović Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: R. Pivić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: A. Stanojković-Sebić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: M. Vučić-Kišgeci Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: B. Kresović Author-Workplace-Name: Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Z. Dinić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Đ. Glamočlija Author-Workplace-Name: Serbian Association of Plant Breeders and Seed Producers, Belgrade, Serbia Title: Planting density impact on weed infestation and the yield of Miscanthus grown on two soil types Abstract: The assessment of the weed infestation effect on biomass yield of Miscanthus × giganteus in the first year of its commercial yield was conducted on two types of soil with different productive ability - Luvic Chernozem and Calcic Gleysol. The formed mass of weeds was higher on Luvic Chernozem and the infestation had grown according to the stages of Miscanthus growth. The biomass of weeds depended on the planting density of Miscanthus as well as on the weather conditions during the studied years. Weed infestation of crops very significantly influenced the formation of aboveground biomass of Miscanthus, so that the yields in the first year of commercial harvesting in the control where the weeds were removed manually were significantly higher compared to the crops in which weeds were not removed. The obtained results showed that weeds significantly affect the initial growth and development of Miscanthus plants that are, in general, slow, especially in the year of the crop establishment. The study evaluates the impact of a manual method of suppression and weed infestation of crops on the commercial yield of Miscanthus. Keywords: Miscanthus, C4 perennial grass, energy crop, biofuels, weed control Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 384-388 Volume: 62 Issue: 8 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/234/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/234/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201608-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:8:id:234-2016-PSE