Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Gołębiowska Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Department of Weed Science and Tillage Systems, Wrocław, Poland Author-Name: E. Pląskowska Author-Workplace-Name: Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Plant Author-Name: R. Weber Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Department of Weed Science and Tillage Systems, Wrocław, Poland Author-Name: R. Kieloch Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Department of Weed Science and Tillage Systems, Wrocław, Poland Title: The effect of soil tillage and herbicide treatments on the incidence of Fusarium fungi genus in the grain of rye Abstract: The reduced tillage in cereals contributes to intensive weed growth and thus encourages better conditions for the development of Fusarium fungi. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different tillage systems and herbicide applications, on the grain infestation by Fusarium spp., in two rye cultivars. The cultivar factor significantly affected the infestation of the grain by F. avenaceum and F. culmorum. Cv. Dańkowskie Złote was more susceptible to the infection by Fusarium spp. than cv. Picasso. The reduced tillage encouraged higher grain infestation than the conventional one, irrespectively of the cultivar. Chlorsulfuron, applied in autumn, contributed to a greater grain infestation by F. avenaceum and F. culmorum. In cv. Picasso, the grain infection by Fusarium spp. was equally well prevented by the autumn or spring application of iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron. All Fusarium species responded differently to variable environment conditions mediated by cultivar, tillage system and herbicide. Fusarium avenaceum infected most intensively cv. Dańkowskie Złote, grown in the reduced tillage system and protected by chlorsulfuron applied in autumn. Keywords: Secale cereale, resistance, hyphomycetes, weed control Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 435-440 Volume: 62 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/647/2015-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/647/2015-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201610-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:10:id:647-2015-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.G. Liang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: L.T. Xin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: F. Meng Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Sun Author-Workplace-Name: The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: C.X. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: H.Y. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchong, P.R. China Author-Name: M.R. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchong, P.R. China Author-Name: H.F. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: X.B. Zheng Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.G. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P.R. China Title: High-methionine soybean has no adverse effect on functional diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms Abstract: A transgenic high-methionine soybean ZD91 and its non-transgenic parental soybean ZD were investigated to evaluate the potential negative impact of transgene on the microbial community in soil. The Biolog-ECO plate method was used to evaluate the functional diversity and activity of rhizosphere microbial communities at four growth stages of the soybean each year from 2012 to 2013. Results indicated that there was no difference between ZD and ZD91 in the functional diversity of microbial communities in rhizosphere soil. Besides, plant growth stage had stronger effect than cultivar. It was concluded that transgenic soybean ZD91 did not alter the functional diversity of microbial communities in rhizosphere soil. Keywords: Glycine max, community level physiological profiles, community function and activity, genetically modified organisms, soil ecosystem Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 441-446 Volume: 62 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/241/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/241/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201610-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:10:id:241-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Jursík Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Kolářová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Soukup Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Žďárková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effects of adjuvants and carriers on propoxycarbazone and pyroxsulam efficacy on Bromus sterilis in winter wheat Abstract: Bromus species are annual winter weeds from the Poaceae family which have become troublesome weeds of winter cereals. The herbicides propoxycarbazone and pyroxsulam are widely used for control of B. sterilis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different types of adjuvants and carriers on the efficacy of pyroxsulam and propoxycarbazone on B. sterilis. Small plot field trials were carried out in North Bohemia, Central Europe during 2011-2013. The tested carriers and adjuvants affected the efficacy of both herbicides and the seed production of B. sterilis. Urea ammonium nitrate was a less effective carrier than water (differences 5-30%). The most effective adjuvant was methylated seed oil (MSO), whose addition into the application water solution increased the herbicide efficacy of propoxycarbazone by 5-35%. Efficacy of the herbicide pyroxsulam was increased by adjuvant MSO by 10-30%. Nonionic surfactant increased herbicide efficacy only in 2013 (by 17%). Effect of organosilicone surfactant on the herbicide efficacy was negative (lower efficacy). Seed production of B. sterilis on untreated plots ranged between 20 000 and 50 000 seeds/m2 in experimental years. Seed production was the lowest on plots treated by the herbicide plus MSO (1300-4500 seed/m2). Keywords: spring appliaction of herbicide, urea ammonium nitrate, heptamethyltrisiloxane, isodecyl alcohol ethoxylate, methyl ester of rapeseed oil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 447-452 Volume: 62 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/273/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/273/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201610-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:10:id:273-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Nahi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia Author-Name: R. Othman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia Author-Name: D. Omar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia Title: Effects of Sb16 bacterial strain and herbicides on endophytic bacterial populations and growth of aerobic rice Abstract: Pot experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions to investigate the effects of the inoculation of N2 fixing Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain Sb16 and application of three herbicides (paraquat, pretilachlor and 2,4-D) at 0, 1/2X, X and 2X their recommended field application rates (X) on endophytic bacterial populations and physio-morphological parameters of aerobic rice. The physio-morphological traits such as plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content, nitrogen (N) content, root dry mass, root length, root volume and root average diameter were assessed at 60th day after the treatment. Data on endophytic bacterial counts were collected at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after the treatment. Results obtained from the study revealed that the number of endophytic bacteria and physio-morphological characters of aerobic rice significantly decreased with increasing herbicides dose. Sb16 inoculation significantly (P ≤ 0.0001) increased all the parameters measured. N contents were the highest (2.53 %) in the inoculated samples treated with half dose of 2, 4-D; but the lowest contents (1.89 %) were obtained in the non-inoculated samples treated with double dose of paraquat. The results suggest that Sb16 strain can improve productivity of aerobic rice under herbicide-stressed soil. Keywords: Oryza sativa, weed control, nutrient uptake, microbial communities, rhizosphere Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 453-459 Volume: 62 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/289/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/289/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201610-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:10:id:289-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Salahshoor Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Author-Name: F. Kazemi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Title: Effect of calcium on reducing salt stress in seed germination and early growth stage of Festuca ovina L. Abstract: Festuca ovina L. is an important ornamental species used in urban landscapes and pastures reclamation. However, low resistance of this species to salt stress has hindered its extended application in low-water and salty regions. To study the effects of calcium on reducing salt stress injuries in seed germination and early growth of this species, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted. The salt levels included NaCl solutions (5, 10, 15 and 20 dS/m). Calcium source was CaCl2 with concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and 30 mmol+/L. Germination percentage and mean germination time were significantly affected by interaction of salinity and calcium. As salinity increased, mean germination time increased. However, germination percentage, shootlet length, rootlet length, shootlet fresh and dry weight, rootlet fresh and dry weight and seed vigour index decreased following the increasing salinity. Concentrations of 10 and 20 mmol+/L CaCl2 had significant effects on reducing salt injuries on seed germination of Festuca ovina. This finding was even prominent in higher salinity levels of 15 and 20 dS/m. Therefore, to facilitate using this species in urban landscapes or in pastures, pre-treatment of the seeds using 10 and 20 mmol+/L CaCl2 is recommended. Keywords: fertilizer applications, sheep fescue, morphological characteristics, abiotic stress, landscape designing Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 460-466 Volume: 62 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/319/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/319/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201610-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:10:id:319-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Damin Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomy School, Federal University of Goias (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil Author-Name: P.C.O. Trivelin Author-Workplace-Name: AgriculturalCenter of Nuclear Energy (CENA/USP), Lab. Stable Isotopes, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: J.A. Bonassi Author-Workplace-Name: AgriculturalCenter of Nuclear Energy (CENA/USP), Lab. Stable Isotopes, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: A.C. Vitti Author-Workplace-Name: AgriculturalCenter of Nuclear Energy (CENA/USP), Lab. Stable Isotopes, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil Title: Emissions of ammonia following glyphosate application on Urochloa decumbens Abstract: This work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the ammonium (NH4+) levels and emissions of ammonia (NH3) after glyphosate application on signal grass (Urochloa decumbens). Two experiments were carried out and the following treatments were used: (1) Control - mechanic harvest with no herbicide application on signal grass; (2) Glyphosate - signal grass desiccation with the herbicide glyphosate. Ammonium (NH4+); total nitrogen (Ntot) levels in plant's tissues (experiment 1) and ammonia (NH3) emission by the plants or the soil (experiment 2) were evaluated over time, under field conditions. Signal grass desiccation with the herbicide glyphosate enhanced NH4+ levels from 2-24% of the Ntot at 12 days after herbicide application. The cumulative NH3 emission by leaves were increased from 2.8-5.3 kg/ha 30 days after herbicide application. Glyphosate application increases NH3 losses by plant, but it does not affect the NH3 emissions by soil, the dry mass production and Ntot in the aboveground portion of signal grass. Keywords: weed control, fertilizer, macroelement, atmosphere Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 467-473 Volume: 62 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/353/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/353/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201610-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:10:id:353-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hamouz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Orsák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Kotíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Carotenoids in potatoes - a short overview Abstract: Carotenoids are one of major lipophilic constituents contributing to total antioxidant activity and provitamin content of potato, a major non-cereal staple food. The review briefly discusses health promoting properties of carotenoids and especially their contents and composition in different potato cultivars affected by flesh colour (white-, yellow-, purple- and red-fleshed) and the effect of selected factors on carotenoid total and individual levels, such as genotype, breeding, tuber development, heat processing - cooking, storage, effect of year, locality, etc. The aim of the recent research is obtaining potatoes with higher levels of beneficial carotenoids to improve one the most popular vegetables in the world. Keywords: phytonutrients, Solanum tuberosum, xanthophylls, thermal processing and storage Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 474-481 Volume: 62 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/459/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/459/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201610-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:10:id:459-2016-PSE