Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Kraska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Ecology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: P. Oleszczuk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: S. Andruszczak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Ecology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: E. Kwiecińska-Poppe Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Ecology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: K. Różyło Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Ecology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: E. Pałys Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Ecology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: P. Gierasimiuk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Ecology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: Z. Michałojć Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Cultivation and Horticultural Plant Fertilization, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Title: Effect of various biochar rates on winter rye yield and the concentration of available nutrients in the soil Abstract: From 2012 to 2014 a field experiment was conducted on a podzolic soil. The aim of the study was to evaluate the yield and weed infestation of winter rye canopy depending on three biochar rates (10, 20 and 30 t/ha). The biochar was pyrolyzed from wheat straw at 350-650°C. After 12, 24, and 36 months from biochar incorporation into the soil pH, total carbon (C) and some elements in soil were determined. Additionally phytotoxicity of soil solid phase was assessed by the commercial toxicity bioassay - Phytotoxkit. The addition of biochar had a positive influence on grain yield of winter rye, which was related to the nutrient application in the form of biochar. The highest grain yields were obtained when biochar was applied at the rate of 20 t/ha. The air-dry weight of weeds in the rye crop grown in the biochar-amended plots was lower compared to the control plots. Incorporation of biochar into the soil at the rates of 20 and 30 t/ha caused a significant increase in the soil content of total C as well as of available P, K, Mg, Fe and B, relative to the control treatment. Moreover, the biochar-amended soil had higher pH because of the relatively high concentration in the biochar (pHKCl 9.9). The assessment of substrate toxicity revealed that biochar applied at the rates of 10 and 20 t/ha had no negative effects on the germination of Lepidium sativum L. Keywords: straw coal, chemical properties of soil, secale cereal, yield components Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 483-489 Volume: 62 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/94/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/94/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201611-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:11:id:94-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.Z. Tian Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory Crop Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Shandong, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, P.R. China Author-Name: Z. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory Crop Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: B.W. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory Crop Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Rice Research Institute, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.J. Li Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory Crop Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: R. Lal Author-Workplace-Name: Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, College of Food, Agricultural Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA Author-Name: T.Y. Ning Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory Crop Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, College of Food, Agricultural Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA Title: Balancing the use of maize residues for soil amendment and forage Abstract: Balancing the use of maize (Zea mays L.) residues for soil amendment and forage is an important strategy for agricultural sustainability. Therefore, the study assessed the impacts of four proportions of maize residues to soil retention (S) and forage (F) on soil total organic carbon (TOC); total nitrogen (TN); carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N); grain yield, economic benefits and nutritional contents of removed residues. The concentrations of TOC and TN increased when more residue returned, while the C/N ratios were S100 + F0 > S34 + F66 > S66 + F34. Also, crude protein, crude fat, and crude starch in the removed residues were F34 > F66 > F100, while the crude fiber and ash contents exhibited the opposite trend. The crop yield improved with residue retention increased, but there were no differences on the economic benefits of the four residue-use systems. The S34 + F66 system maintained a TOC ranging from 11.51 to 13.37 g/kg, a TN from 1.12 to 1.16 g/kg, 92.93% of the annual yields of the S100 + F0 system, and 6.2 t/ha/year of forage. Therefore, the S34 + F66 system can balance the use of maize residues for soil amendments and forage to sustainably develop a household crop-livestock system. Keywords: no-tillage, long-term experiment, wheat-maize rotation system, nutritive contents, spider plot Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 490-496 Volume: 62 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/470/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/470/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201611-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:11:id:470-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Procházka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Štranc Author-Workplace-Name: ZEPOR + - Agriculture Advisory and Forensic Expertise, Žatec, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Pazderů Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Štranc Author-Workplace-Name: ZEPOR + - Agriculture Advisory and Forensic Expertise, Žatec, Czech Republic Title: The influence of pre-sowing seed treatment by biologically active compounds on soybean seed quality and yield Abstract: The aim of the experiment was to improve seed quality of harvested soybean seed by pre-sowing seed treatment with biologically active compounds Lignohumate B (mixture of humic and fulvic acids), Lexin (mixture of humic and fulvic acids enriched by auxins), brassinosteroid (synthetic analogue of natural 24 epibrassinolide) and so-called complete seed treatment (mixture of saturated solution of sucrose, Lexin, Maxim XL 035 FS fungicide of Syngenta and adjuvant on the base of pinolene). Four-year experiments proved positive influence of all treatments to seed parameters (laboratory germination, seed vigour (AA test), field emergence and thousand seed weight). Keywords: Glycine max, seed value, vigor, seed germination, biologically active compounds Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 497-501 Volume: 62 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/570/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/570/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201611-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:11:id:570-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Długosz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland Author-Name: A. Piotrowska-Długosz Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Biochemistry, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland Title: Spatial variability of soil nitrogen forms and the activity of N-cycle enzymes Abstract: Knowledge about the spatio-temporal variability of soil chemical and biological properties is crucial in evaluating their structure-function relationship and their impact on ecosystem functions. A study was conducted in order to evaluate the spatial variability of nitrogen (N) forms and N-cycle enzymes of a Phaeozem located in the Northwestern Poland. Fifty soil samples were collected every 10 m from the area of 90 × 40 m that was selected from an 80 ha agricultural field after the harvest of winter wheat. The samples were analysed for total nitrogen (Ntot); mineral nitrogen (NO3--N, NH4+-N) and the activities of the N cycle enzymes - urease (UR), nitrate reductase (NR) and arginine deaminase (ADA). The coefficients of variation were low for Ntot content and UR activity, while a moderate variability was noted for mineral N and ADA activity and a high one was noted for NR activity. Most of the properties revealed a contribution of random variance (nugget effect) in total variability (sill), while only Ntot and ADA activity were determined by the structural variance. The effective ranges were from 11.9 m for NO3--N to more than 50.3 m for NH4+-N. Kriged maps showed that every property revealed a different distribution on the study area. The significant variability of the studied properties should be taken into account in soil management practices. Additionally, this knowledge would contribute to a better understanding of the nitrogen transformation in soil and functioning of the ecosystem. Keywords: total and mineral N, N-related enzymes, spatial structure, geostatistics Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 502-507 Volume: 62 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/251/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/251/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201611-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:11:id:251-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Q.-S. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralové, Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic Author-Name: A.K. Srivastava Author-Workplace-Name: ICAR - Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Author-Name: M.-Q. Cao Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China Title: Systematicness of glomalin in roots and mycorrhizosphere of a split-root trifoliate orange Abstract: Understanding the behavior of mycorrhiza-originated glomalin, either of plant or soil origin, is anticipated to facilitate better opportunities of modulating antioxidants and carbon distribution in plants. In this study, trifoliate orange seedlings with half of roots were colonized by Acaulospora scrobiculata and Funneliformis mosseae in a split-root rootbox. Mycorrhizal inoculation showed a significantly higher plant biomass of trifoliate orange, regardless of mycorrhizal species. Glomalin-related root protein showed a systematic increase in non-mycorrhiza-inoculated chamber under inoculation with A. scrobiculata and F. mosseae than under non-mycorrhizal inoculation. Similar increase was also observed in easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein and total glomalin-related soil protein as a result of F. mosseae colonization only. Mean weight diameter and soil organic carbon were significantly higher under mycorrhization than non-mycorrhization, irrespective of mycorrhized or non-mycorrhized chamber. Mycorrhizal inoculation stimulated an increase in soil protease activity in the mycorrhized chamber, without any distinctive change in the non-mycorrhized chamber. These results, hence, suggested that mycorrhization conferred a systematic increase in glomalin synthesis in roots and soils, collectively, aiding in better aggregate stability and soil carbon sequestration. Keywords: Glomeromycota, glycoprotein, hyphae, mineral nutrients, mutualistic symbiosis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 508-514 Volume: 62 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/551/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/551/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201611-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:11:id:551-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z.W. Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute of Xu-huai Region, Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, P.R. China Author-Name: L.K. Ren Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute of Xu-huai Region, Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, P.R. China Author-Name: J.W. Fan Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute of Xu-huai Region, Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, P.R. China Author-Name: Q. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute of Xu-huai Region, Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, P.R. China Author-Name: K.J. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute of Xu-huai Region, Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, P.R. China Author-Name: M.M. Guo Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute of Xu-huai Region, Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Lianyungang Grain Administration, Lianyungang, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Lianyungang Agriculture Committee, Lianyungang, P.R. China Author-Name: G.X. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute of Xu-huai Region, Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.Y. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute of Xu-huai Region, Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, P.R. China Author-Name: F. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute of Xu-huai Region, Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, P.R. China Author-Name: X.N. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark Title: Salt response of photosynthetic electron transport system in wheat cultivars with contrasting tolerance Abstract: Soil salinity significantly decreases the photosynthetic efficiency and plant growth in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, sensitivity of the photosynthetic electron transport system of wheat in relation with salt stress is unclear. Two wheat cultivars with contrasting salt tolerance were exposed to soil salinity, and the physiological responses and performance of photosynthetic electron system were investigated. The depressed photosynthetic carbon assimilation was mainly caused by stomatal closure and lower photosynthetic electron transport efficiency. Under salt stress, the salt-resistant cv. YN19 had higher efficiency in photosynthetic electron transport, hence maintaining higher photosynthetic rate under salt stress, compared with the salt-sensitive cv. JM22. In addition, the parameters derived from fast chlorophyll a fluorescence induction curve, i.e. the quantum yield for electron transport (φEo) and the probability that an electron moves futher than QA (ψEo), can be used as indicators for rapid screening of wheat cultivars tolerant to soil salinity. Keywords: soil salinization, water uptake, gas exchange, photosynthesis, damage to photosynthetic apparatus Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 515-521 Volume: 62 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/529/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/529/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201611-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:11:id:529-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Rykaczewska Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Radzików, Poland Title: Field performance of potato minitubers produced in aeroponic culture Abstract: The aeroponic system is a viable technological alternative for potato minituber production within a potato tuber seed system. The aim of the study was to evaluate the productivity of potato minitubers grown in aeroponic culture and collected in 14 successive periods of the growing season. The minitubers of cvs. Ametyst and Tajfun were tested in an experimental field after a storage period. It was found that cv. Ametyst was characterized by higher yield and number of tubers than cv. Tajfun. Yield of cv. Ametyst averaged 42.6 t/ha, and cv. Tajfun 37.3 t/ha. The number of tubers over 3 cm of cv. Ametyst averaged 644.2 per ha, and cv. Tajfun 437.7 per ha. The yield and number of tubers was dependent on the physiological age of minitubers harvested on successive dates. Comparing the productivity of minitubers grown in aeroponics and in the soil, a significant difference was found in the number of tubers with a transversal diameter over 3 cm. There were more daughter tubers from minitubers grown in soil. They are the result of different-size minitubers used for planting, smaller ones from aeroponics and larger from soil. Keywords: number of tubers per hectare, physiological age of seeds, potato tuber yield, Sielianinov hydrothermic coefficient, Solanum tuberosum Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 522-526 Volume: 62 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/419/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/419/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201611-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:11:id:419-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Zbíral Author-Workplace-Name: Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, National Reference Laboratory, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Determination of plant-available micronutrients by the Mehlich 3 soil extractant - a proposal of critical values Abstract: Soil testing in the Czech Republic is based on the use of the Mehlich 3 method for determination of macronutrients and diethylentriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and hot-water extraction for determination of micronutrients. Since inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometers have become commonly used in soil testing laboratories, Mehlich 3 extractant could be used very effectively also for a simultaneous micronutrient determination. To take full advantage of the universal Mehlich 3 extractant, new criteria for evaluation of the content of micronutrients in this extractant are needed. The criteria presented in this study were obtained by a simple calculation of criteria from the relationships between the Mehlich 3 extractant and the extraction methods for which the criteria were available (DTPA for copper, zinc, manganese, iron and hot-water extraction for boron). The first calculated estimates of the criteria were pre-validated and slightly adjusted to minimize the difference between the frequency of the samples in each category after determination and evaluation by the compared methods. Further adjustment of the presented critical values with respect to the field and pot experiments will be necessary in the future. Keywords: agriculture soil, extraction procedure, available microelements, result evaluation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 527-531 Volume: 62 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/564/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/564/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201611-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:62:y:2016:i:11:id:564-2016-PSE