Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavla OCHECOVÁ Author-Name: Filip MERCL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zdeněk KOŠNÁŘ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel TLUSTOŠ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Fertilization efficiency of wood ash pellets amended by gypsum and superphosphate in the ryegrass growth Abstract: Application of biomass ash to soil can save mineral nutrients due to its relatively high contents of Ca, K, and P. The study assessed the effect of powdered ash and pellets made from wood fly ash (WFA), combined moreover with additives rich in S (flue gas desulfurization gypsum - FGDG) and P (single superphosphate - SP) on the yield and uptake of nutrients (Ca, K, P, and S) by ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), the accumulation of nutrients in plant biomass at individual four cuttings, and the available nutrients amount in the acidic loamy soil after the last harvest. Plants grown in pots enriched by wood ash showed significantly higher yield and nutrient uptake than in the unamended treatments. The uptake of nutrients by plants, content of nutrients in plants and in soil was substantially positively influenced by both components added to the wood ash, especially by FGD gypsum. The combination of wood ash with additives proved to be effective. The soil enrichment by WFA + SP + FGDG increased the availability of SP-contained P and available P content in soil even after harvest. Keywords: plant nutrition, soil amendments, sulfur, phosphorus, plant growth Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 47-54 Volume: 63 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/142/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/142/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201702-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:2:id:142-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hue Van NGUYEN Author-Name: Amjad AHMAD Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA Title: Arsenic reactions and brake fern (Pteris vittata L.) uptake in tropical soils Abstract: In Hawaii, past use of arsenical pesticides has left elevated levels of arsenic (As) in some soils. Sorption isotherms of an Andosol and an Acrisol showed that the former required 1100 mg/kg, and the latter 300 mg/kg of added As to maintain 0.20 mg As/L in solution, the maximum allowable As level in streams/rivers in Hawaii. Greenhouse experiments were conducted on an Andosol (315 mg/kg total As), which was amended with 0, 5 g/kg compost, 5 g Fe/kg as amorphous Fe(OH)3, or 250 mg P/kg as Ca(H2PO4)2, and on a low-As (15 mg/kg) Acrisol, which was spiked with 0, 150 or 300 mg As/kg as Na2HAsO4.7 H2O. Brake fern (Pteris vittata L.) was used as the test plant. Arsenic concentration in the fern fronds averaged 355 mg/kg in the Andosol, and 2610 and 1270 mg/kg (from consecutive plantings, 2 and 12 months after As addition, respectively) in the Acrisol spiked with 300 mg/kg of As. Chemical reactions, as suggested by sequential extractions, likely controlled the availability and uptake of soil As. Mehlich-3 extraction could be used to identify As-contaminated soils and potential phytoremediation as it correlated well with bioaccessible As and with As in fern fronds. Keywords: soil arsenic, toxicity, sorption-desorption, amorphous iron-hydroxides Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 55-61 Volume: 63 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/428/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/428/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201702-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:2:id:428-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiuhua CHEN Author-Name: Rui ZHANG Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Name: Fengling WANG Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China Title: Transgenic Bt cotton inhibited arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus differentiation and colonization Abstract: The present study investigated the impact of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton on several aspects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Funneliformis mosseae. The results showed that Bt cotton significantly inhibited spore germination and pre-symbiotic hyphal growth. The appressorium density, arbuscule frequency and colonization intensity in Bt roots were also decreased. The statistical analysis demonstrated that the transformation event resulted in the inhibition of hyphal development and colonization. The reduced interaction between AM fungi and plants could affect nutrient uptake and transportation in plant-fungus symbiosis. The mechanism might involve the direct toxicity of Bt toxins or the interference of signal perception between AM fungus and Bt cotton. Keywords: inoculation, hyphal branching, nutrient uptake, signal production, ecological functions Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 62-69 Volume: 63 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/743/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/743/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201702-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:2:id:743-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sushil THAPA Author-Workplace-Name: Dryland Agriculture Institute, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, USA Author-Workplace-Name: Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo, USA Author-Name: Bob A. STEWART Author-Workplace-Name: Dryland Agriculture Institute, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, USA Author-Name: Qingwu XUE Author-Workplace-Name: Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo, USA Title: Grain sorghum transpiration efficiency at different growth stages Abstract: Transpiration efficiency (TE) is an important physiological trait associated with drought tolerance of plants. Currently, little is known about the grain sorghum TE and its dynamics with the age of plants. To compare the sorghum TE at different growth stages, four studies (two in the greenhouse and two in the growth chamber) were conducted under controlled environmental conditions. Plants were grown in lid-covered boxes and harvested at six-leaf, flag leaf, grain filling and maturity stages. The mean shoot TE values were 4.47 and 4.10 kg/m3 for two greenhouse studies, and 4.85 and 4.30 kg/m3 for two growth chamber studies, respectively. The shoot TE was not different among four growth stages within each study, suggesting that sorghum plants used the same amount of water per unit of biomass production for different growing periods. Because crops grown under dryland environments often run out of water during reproductive periods, result supports the ideas that soil water availability at later growth stages is crucial to achieve the yield potential of dryland sorghum. Keywords: C4 plant, water stress, shoot to root ratio, Sorghum bicolor, vapour pressure deficit Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 70-75 Volume: 63 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/796/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/796/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201702-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:2:id:796-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klára PAVLŮ Author-Workplace-Name: SugarBeet Institute, Semčice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaromír CHOCHOLA Author-Workplace-Name: SugarBeet Institute, Semčice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef PULKRÁBEK Author-Workplace-Name: Facultyof Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslav URBAN Author-Workplace-Name: Facultyof Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Influence of sowing and harvest dates on production of two different cultivars of sugar beet Abstract: Small-plot trials conducted in 2013-2015 studied the impact of longer vegetation periods (by means of earlier drilling and/or later harvest) on production results of two sugar beet cultivars - one nematode-tolerant cultivar and one cultivar without such tolerance. The trials took place at two sites with different Heterodera schachtii infestation levels. In all trial seasons, root yield was significantly higher in the earlier drilled plots. On average, prolongation of the vegetation period in spring by 13 days increased root yield by 10.9%. Therefore, each day by which drilling is postponed represents a 0.7-0.8% loss of yield. As to sugar content, no statistically significant benefit of vegetation period prolongation by early drilling was found. The spring gain was slightly higher for the non-tolerant cultivar than for the tolerant one on average over all trial seasons. This result confirms the theory that nematodes impact the crop mainly in later stages of vegetation, and early drilling can thus help eliminating, to a certain degree, the risk of nematode damage. In the autumn, root yield increased by 14.3% on average over 39 days. The autumn daily gain was about half of the rate found in the spring. The increase in sugar content was between 0.6% and 1% (abs.) on average. Autumn growth achieved at the non-infested site was much higher than at the infested site. Keywords: prolongation of vegetation, Beta vulgaris, parasite Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 76-81 Volume: 63 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/614/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/614/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201702-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:2:id:614-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dominic J. STURM Author-Name: Christoph KUNZ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Weed Science, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Author-Name: Gerassimos PETEINATOS Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Weed Science, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Author-Name: Roland GERHARDS Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Weed Science, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Title: Do cover crop sowing date and fertilization affect field weed suppression? Abstract: The weed suppressive ability of oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis Pers.) cover crop is attributed to high competitiveness for resources and biochemical effects on weeds. The oilseed radish cover crop was sown in five treatments plus an untreated control over a period of five weeks before and three weeks after winter wheat harvest. Additionally, fertilization effects on oilseed radish biomass and weed suppression were measured. The highest biomass of the cover crop was observed 12 weeks after harvest (WAH) when the oilseed radish was sown one week after harvest (1 WAH) (2015) and five weeks before harvest (5 WBH) (2016). No differences of fertilization were observed concerning oilseed radish and weed biomass in 2015, whereby increased biomass was found after fertilization in 2016. The highest weed control efficacy of up to 83% and 90% was achieved in treatments 1 WAH (2015) and 5 WBH (2016) at 12 WAH. The early sowing of oilseed radish in winter wheat resulted in low germination and biomass yield within the field, due to low precipitation in 2015. Nevertheless, there is a high potential of early sown oilseed radish for higher weed control efficacy, which was demonstrated in 2016. Keywords: allelopathy, Brassicaceae, intercropping, cropping system, competition, weed density Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 82-88 Volume: 63 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/1/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201702-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:2:id:1-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sahar BRAHIM Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Organic Agriculture, Bonn, Germany Author-Name: Anne NIESS Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Organic Agriculture, Bonn, Germany Author-Name: Matthias PFLIPSEN Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Organic Agriculture, Bonn, Germany Author-Name: Daniel NEUHOFF Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Organic Agriculture, Bonn, Germany Author-Name: Heinrich SCHERER Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Crop Science and Ressource Conservation (INRES-Plant Nutrition), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Title: Effect of combined fertilization with rock phosphate and elemental sulphur on yield and nutrient uptake of soybean Abstract: Greenhouse pot experiments were carried out in 2013 and 2014 at the University of Bonn, Germany, to study the effect of combined fertilization of rock phosphate (RP) with elemental sulphur (ES) on growth, grain yield and nutrient uptake of soybean. Treatments included RP, ES, combined application (RPES), triple superphosphate (SP), magnesium sulphate (MgS), SP and magnesium sulphate (SPMgS) and an unfertilized control. Combined fertilization (RPES) resulted in a significant increase of soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) values, grain yield, yield components and nitrogen and in part phosphorus uptake of the shoot. Single application of RP or ES only tended to affect crop growth and nutrient uptake. Application of MgS and/or SP significantly increased grain yield in both years suggesting an effect of sulphate. Keywords: pot trials, organic farming, phosphorous deficiency, Glycine max Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 89-95 Volume: 63 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/22/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/22/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201702-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:2:id:22-2017-PSE