Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomasz SOSULSKI Author-Name: Ewa SZARA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: Magdalena SZYMAŃSKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: Wojciech STĘPIEŃ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Title: N2O emission and nitrogen and carbon leaching from the soil in relation to long-term and current mineral and organic fertilization - a laboratory study Abstract: The paper presents the results of a laboratory experiment aimed at the assessment of N2O emissions, NO3-, NH4+ and carbon (C) leaching from agricultural soils subjected to long-term mineral and organic fertilization. Our results show that long-term treatment impacts the N2O emissions from loamy-sand Luvisols to a greater extent than the recent single application of mineral or organic fertilizers. The N2O fluxes from soils with higher Corg content that results from long-term organic fertilization exceed those from soils with lower Corg content subsequent to long-term mineral fertilization. Our research confirms previous reports that the intensity of N2O emission is related to soil moisture. The NO3- leaching depended on the recent application of fertilizers with a stronger influence of single application of NH4NO3 than farmyard manure. Long-term fertilization did not impact the NO3- leaching. Keywords: short-term fertilization, gas emission, macronutrient, denitrification, nitrification, nitrate Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 97-104 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/205/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/205/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201703-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:3:id:205-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luca VITALE Author-Workplace-Name: National Research Council, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, Ercolano, Italy Author-Name: Franca POLIMENO Author-Workplace-Name: National Research Council, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Naples, Italy Author-Name: Lucia OTTAIANO Author-Workplace-Name: University of Naples Federico II, Department of Agronomy, Portici, Italy Author-Name: Giuseppe MAGLIONE Author-Workplace-Name: National Research Council, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Naples, Italy Author-Name: Anna TEDESCHI Author-Workplace-Name: National Research Council, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, Ercolano, Italy Author-Name: Mauro MORI Author-Workplace-Name: University of Naples Federico II, Department of Agronomy, Portici, Italy Author-Name: Anna De Marco Author-Workplace-Name: University of Naples Federico II, Department of Biology, Naples, Italy Author-Name: Paul Di TOMMASI Author-Workplace-Name: National Research Council, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, Ercolano, Italy Author-Name: Vincenzo MAGLIULO Author-Workplace-Name: National Research Council, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, Ercolano, Italy Title: Fertilizer type influences tomato yield and soil N2O emissions Abstract: Improvements in crop management for a more sustainable agriculture are fundamental to reduce environmental impacts of cropland and to mitigate effects on global climate change. In this study three fertilization types - ammonium nitrate (control); mineral fertilizer added with a nitrification inhibitor (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP)), and an organo-mineral fertilizer (OM) - were tested on a tomato crop in order to evaluate effects both on crop production and soil N2O emissions. Plants grown under OM fertilization had a greater relative growth rate compared to mineral fertilization, due to a higher net assimilation rate, which was related to a greater light interception rather than to a higher photosynthetic efficiency. OM fertilization determined the highest fruit production and lower soil N2O fluxes compared to NH4NO3, although the lowest soil N2O fluxes were found in response to mineral fertilizer added with a nitrification inhibitor. It can be concluded that organo-mineral fertilizer is a better nutrient source compared to mineral fertilizers able to improve crop yield and to mitigate soil N2O emission. Keywords: plant growth, nitrous oxide, emission factor, Mediterranean climate Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 105-110 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/678/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/678/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201703-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:3:id:678-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anna GAŁĄZKA Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: Karolina GAWRYJOŁEK Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: Anna KOCOŃ Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Title: The effect of the same microbial products on basic biological activities of soil under cereal crops Abstract: The aim of this research was a preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of using three preparations which improve soil fertility and yield of plants. Field tests with microbial products: EM (effective microorganisms), EmFarma Plus and UGmax were carried out in the Agricultural Research Centre in Grabowo, Poland. The experimental plants were: spring triticale, spring barley and winter wheat. Bioproducts were applied directly into stubble or straw left in the field after harvesting grain and straw with an addition of nitrogen and were compared against control treatments, without the use of the above preparations. The implied treatments are determined for soil biological activity and the basic chemical properties of the soil. The microbiological tests showed a statistically significant difference between the control treatments and treatments with EM and UGmax preparations (a statistically significant increase in microbial biomass and activity of dehydrogenases). Analysis of principal component analysis (PCA) explained 52.54% of the variation and separated the three groups: I (UGmax), II (EM) and III (control and EmFarma Plus). It was found that the average yield of triticale grains was approximately only by 4% higher in treatments where EM and EmFarma Plus were applied, while in treatments with UGmax, triticale yielded at control level. Keywords: microorganisms, soil enzymes, total organic carbon and nitrogen, cereal plants, soil quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 111-116 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/690/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/690/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201703-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:3:id:690-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ilias S. TRAVLOS Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece Author-Name: Trisevgeni GKOTSI Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece Author-Name: Ioannis ROUSSIS Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece Author-Name: Charis-Konstantina KONTOPOULOU Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece Author-Name: Ioanna KAKABOUKI Author-Workplace-Name: University of Patras, Patra, Greece Author-Name: Dimitrios J. BILALIS Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece Title: Effects of the herbicides benfluralin, metribuzin and propyzamide on the survival and weight of earthworms (Octodrilus complanatus) Abstract: Extended pesticide use might be of high risk for several non-target organisms like earthworms. Herbicides represent a major part of the total pesticides used; however, their effects on soil organisms have been only partially studied. The effects of the herbicides benfluralin, metribuzin and propyzamide at different rates on the survival and weight of earthworms (Octodrilus complanatus) were determined and compared in this study. Our results revealed significant effects of benfluralin, metribuzin and propyzamide on growth and survival of earthworms. Moreover, there was a significant effect of herbicide rate and time after treatment. For several herbicides, the highest weight reduction was obtained for double the recommended rate and was up to 70% compared to the untreated soil. This study highlights the importance of not exceeding the recommended rates of herbicides, while further studies in a range of conditions are certainly required. Keywords: weed control, toxicity, soil ecosystem, bio-indicator Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 117-124 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/811/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/811/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201703-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:3:id:811-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: MA Yan Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Author-Name: XU Junzeng Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Author-Name: Qi WEI Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Shihong YANG Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Linxian LIAO Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Author-Name: Suyan CHEN Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Author-Name: Qi LIAO Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Title: Organic carbon content and its liable components in paddy soil under water-saving irrigation Abstract: Variation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its liable fractions under non-flooding irrigation (NFI) were investigated. In NFI paddies, the soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and water extractable organic carbon (SWEC) content in 0-40 cm soil increased by 1.73-21.74% and 1.44-30.63%, and SOC in NFI fields decreased by 0.90-18.14% than in flooding irrigation (FI) fields. As a result, the proportion of SMBC or SWEC to SOC increased remarkably. It is attributed to the different water and aeration conditions between FI and NFI irrigation. The non-flooding water-saving irrigation increased soil microbial activity and mineralization of SOC, which broke down more soil organic nutrients into soluble proportion and is beneficial for soil fertility, but might lead to more CO2 emission and degradation in carbon sequestration than FI paddies. Keywords: water management, drying-wetting cycle, precipitation, soil carbon sequestration, soil respiration Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 125-130 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/817/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/817/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201703-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:3:id:817-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peng YAN Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Yuanquan CHEN Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Adamou DADOUMA Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhiqiang TAO Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Peng SUI Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Effect of nitrogen regimes on narrowing the magnitude of maize yield penalty caused by high temperature stress in North China Plain Abstract: Further enhancement of maize (Zea mays L.) productivity will benefit from a thorough understanding of thermotolerance. The effects of nitrogen fertilization regimes (ratio of nitrogen (N) doses prior to planting: V7:V15:R3) on reducing yield penalty imposed by high temperature stress are discussed in this study. Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 using three nitrogen fertilization regimes (N1 - 120:180:0:0; N2 - 60:90:150:0; N3 - 60:90:60:90) and CK (control) treatment (1:0:0:0) to discuss the effect of nitrogen fertilization regimes on alleviating high temperature stress of spring maize. Total N rates for 2013 and 2014 were 280 and 300 kg/ha, respectively. Yield in 2013 and 2014 was averaged as 9.37 and 12.35 t/ha for N3, respectively, which was 13.47% higher than CK. During the grain-filling stage, leaf area index and the SPAD (soil plant analysis development) value in N3 were the highest, but electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content of ear leaf in N3 were the lowest. Moreover, photosynthetic rate of ear leaf in N3 increased by 9.95% compared to CK. These results indicate that nitrogen fertilization regimes, especially with N3 treatment, can help maintain relatively higher photosynthetic supply capacity during the grain-filling stage under high temperature stress, thereby resulting in improved grain yield. Keywords: heat stress, climate change, macronutrient, leaf senescence, photosynthetic capacity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 131-138 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/6/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201703-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:3:id:6-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcela HLAVÁČOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Climate Change Impacts on Agroecosystems, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Karel KLEM Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavlína SMUTNÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr ŠKARPA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr HLAVINKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Climate Change Impacts on Agroecosystems, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kateřina NOVOTNÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Barbora RAPANTOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miroslav Trnka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Climate Change Impacts on Agroecosystems, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Effect of heat stress at anthesis on yield formation in winter wheat Abstract: Heat stress around anthesis is considered to have an increasing impact on wheat yield under the ongoing climate change. However, the effect of high temperatures and their duration on formation of individual yield parameters is still little understood. Within this study, the effect of high temperatures applied during anthesis for 3 and 7 days on yield formation parameters was analysed. The study was conducted in growth chambers under four temperature regimes (daily temperature maxima 26, 32, 35 and 38°C). In the periods preceding and following heat stress regimes the plants were cultivated under ambient weather conditions. The number of grains per spike was reduced under temperatures ≥ 35°C in cv. Bohemia and ≥ 38°C in cv. Tobak. This resulted in a similar response of spike productivity. Thousand grain weight showed no response to temperature regime in cv. Tobak, whereas in cv. Bohemia, a peak response to temperature with maximum at 35°C was observed. The duration of heat stress had only little effect on most yield formation parameters. Keywords: high temperature stress, grains number per spike, spike productivity, phytotron, Triticum aestivum L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 139-144 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/73/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/73/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201703-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:3:id:73-2017-PSE