Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martina HANDLÍŘOVÁ Author-Name: Vojtěch LUKAS Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vladimír SMUTNÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Yield and soil coverage of catch crops and their impact on the yield of spring barley Abstract: The aim of experiment was to evaluate the impact of catch crops on the yield of spring barley. An assessment of the suitability of catch crops in relation to their yield and soil coverage was made. The field experiment was set up in a corn-growing area (south Moravia, Czech Republic). The results show a statistically significant difference in yield of dry matter and soil coverage among catch crops as well as among years. The most appropriate was the cultivation of Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham and Sinapis alba L., which regularly provided the highest yields and soil coverage. In some years, similar results were also achieved for Fagopyrum esculentum Moench and Carthamus tinctorius L. Less suitable catch crops are Secale cereale var. multicaule L., which ensured lower yield and good soil coverage, but reduced the yield of spring barley, and Panicum miliaceum L. Yield of spring barley was affected by year and species of catch crops. The lowest yield of barely was in the year with unfavourable rainfall. The yield decreased with increasing quantities of catch crop matter. In the case of favourable rainfall year, there was no risk of lower yield of spring barley after monitored catch crops in one of the driest and warmest places in the Czech Republic. Keywords: intercrop, grain, dry conditions, cereals, biomass Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 195-200 Volume: 63 Issue: 5 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/801/2016-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/801/2016-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201705-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:5:id:801-2016-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaoguang CHEN Author-Name: Meng KOU Author-Workplace-Name: Xuzhou Sweet Potato Research Center/Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhonghou TANG Author-Workplace-Name: Xuzhou Sweet Potato Research Center/Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Aijun ZHANG Author-Workplace-Name: Xuzhou Sweet Potato Research Center/Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: LI Hongmin Author-Workplace-Name: Xuzhou Sweet Potato Research Center/Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, P.R. China Title: The use of humic acid urea fertilizer for increasing yield and utilization of nitrogen in sweet potato Abstract: Humic acid urea fertilizer (HA-N) is a new type of slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer that can enhance utilization rate of urea, and consequently increases crop yield. However, there were few researches about the effect of HA-N on the nitrogen absorption and utilization in sweet potato production. Hence, the effect of HA-N on nitrogen accumulation and distribution, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and yield of sweet potato was studied in the field using the 15N tracer technique. Results showed that HA-N significantly increased the number of storage roots per plant and the average fresh weight per storage root, as well as the yield increased by 29.6% compared with urea fertilizer. Furthermore, nitrogen accumulation of total plant was higher under the HA-N. In addition, HA-N significantly increased nitrogen production efficiency of fertilizer and nitrogen production efficiency. Results of a 15N tracer experiment revealed that the percentage of nitrogen absorbed by plant from fertilizer increased from 31.1% to 38.7% and NUE increased from 33.5% to 44.8% with application of HA-N when compared with single N treatment, respectively. HA-N significantly increased sweet potato storage root yield, nitrogen absorption and NUE, as well as it reduced the loss of nitrogen fertilizer. Keywords: nitrogen absorption and distribution, nitrogen balance, macronutrient, isotope, Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 201-206 Volume: 63 Issue: 5 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/24/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/24/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201705-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:5:id:24-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrzej BARYGA Author-Name: Bożenna POŁEĆ Author-Workplace-Name: Sugar Department, Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Leszno, Poland Author-Name: Ewelina MAŁCZAK Author-Workplace-Name: Sugar Department, Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Leszno, Poland Title: Technological value of raw materials from sugar beet growing area fertilized with digestate from sugar beet pulp biogas plant Abstract: The purpose of the work was to study the suitability of residue obtained during the methane fermentation process of sugar beet pulp for agricultural use in sugar beet plantations. Studies were performed with the sugar beet pulp fermentation residue and sugar beets (Beta vulgaris cv. Fighter) harvested from experimental plots. It was found that the by-product of sugar beet pulp digestion may be utilized in agriculture taking into account its chemical and microbiological standards. The nutrients in digestion residue were as assimilable for sugar beet plants as the nutrients in mineral fertilizers. The evaluation of technological parameters of sugar beet harvested from experimental plots based on standard technological criteria showed that irrespective of fertilization treatment, the raw material obtained met most of the requirements and can be used as a stock material for sugar production. Keywords: biogas residue, sugar beet fertilization, technological value of sugar beet, anaerobic digestion, utilization in agriculture Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 207-212 Volume: 63 Issue: 5 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/36/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/36/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201705-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:5:id:36-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel ROTTER Author-Workplace-Name: Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan KUTA Author-Workplace-Name: Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radim VÁCHA Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milan SÁŇKA Author-Workplace-Name: Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The role of Mn and Fe oxides in risk elements retention in soils under different forest types Abstract: Retention of four selected risk elements (SRE) - arsen (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) - by manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) oxides in different forest soils was investigated. The abundance of oxides and the association between oxides and SRE were observed in 91 soil samples of different forests divided into 5 categories covering the variability of forests in the Czech Republic. The sequential extraction procedure was used for dissolution of Mn and Fe oxide fractions (MnOF and FeOF) separately and together with the associated elements. It was found that Mn associated with MnOF is significantly higher in deciduous forests. These differences were ascribed mainly to the higher pH and lower DOC (dissolved organic carbon) in deciduous forests. The association of SRE with MnOF declines in the order Cd » Pb > Zn > As and the association with FeOF in the order As ≍ Pb » Cd > Zn. Despite their relatively lesser occurrence, MnOFs were found to be very significant for retention of Cd. FeOF is strongly associated with As and Pb. The category of forest has been identified to influence the amount of SRE retained by oxides especially in two cases: (1) the category of forests on Fluvisols differs from the other categories; (2) the retention of Cd by MnOF or FeOF is larger in deciduous forests compared with coniferous forests. Keywords: heavy metals, immobilization, forest ecosystem, mobility, toxic element Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 213-219 Volume: 63 Issue: 5 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/116/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/116/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201705-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:5:id:116-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiao GUOJU Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhang QIANG Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Arid Meteorology, CMA, Lanzhou, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China Author-Name: Wang JING Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhang FENGJU Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China Author-Name: Luo CHENGKE Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China Author-Name: Ma FEI Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China Author-Name: Huang JUYING Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China Author-Name: Li MING Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China Author-Name: He XIANPING Author-Workplace-Name: Seeds Station of Guyuan Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau, Ningxia, P.R. China Author-Name: Qiu ZHENGJI Author-Workplace-Name: Ningxia Liupanshan Flower Research Institute, Longde, Ningxia, P.R. China Title: Influence of increased temperature on the yield and quality of broad bean in semiarid regions of northwest China Abstract: In this study, a simulation experiment by farm warming with infrared ray radiator was carried out, and results showed that the broad bean (Vicia faba L.) growing days were shortened by increased temperature. The seedling, ramifying, budding, blooming, podding, and maturing stages were shortened by 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2-3, 1-2, and 2-4 days, respectively, and the whole growing period was shortened by 7-16 days when the temperature increased by 0.5-2.0°C. The broad bean yield increased by 10.1-16.6% when the temperature increased by 0.5-1.0°C, and significantly decreased by 38.1-90.1% when the temperature increased by 1.5-2.0°C. Increased temperature significantly improved the fat, carbohydrate, ash and energy contents. Keywords: global warming, period of increased temperature, growth stages of broad bean, agricultural production, food security Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 220-225 Volume: 63 Issue: 5 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/128/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/128/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201705-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:5:id:128-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří ZBÍRAL Author-Name: David ČIŽMÁR Author-Workplace-Name: Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Stanislav MALÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Elena OBDRŽÁLKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Determination of glomalin in agriculture and forest soils by near-infrared spectroscopy Abstract: Determining and characterizing soil organic matter (SOM) cheaply and reliably can help to support decisions concerning sustainable land management and climate policy. Glomalin was recommended as one of possible indicators of SOM quality. Extracting glomalin from and determining it in soils using classical chemical methods is too complicated and therefore near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was studied as a method of choice for the determination of glomalin. Representative sets of 84 different soil samples from arable land and grasslands and 75 forest soils were used to develop NIRS calibration models. The parameters of the NIRS calibration model (R = 0.90 for soils from arable land and grasslands and R = 0.94 for forest soils) proved that glomalin can be determined in air-dried soils by NIRS with adequate trueness and precision simultaneously with determination of nitrogen and oxidizable carbon. Keywords: soil organic matter, glomalin-related soil protein, simultaneous determination, method validation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 226-230 Volume: 63 Issue: 5 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/181/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/181/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201705-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:5:id:181-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marek GUGAŁA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: Krystyna ZARZECKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: Anna SIKORSKA Author-Workplace-Name: The State Higher School of Vocational Education in Ciechanów, Ciechanów, Poland Author-Name: Krzysztof KAPELA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: Marek NIEWĘGŁOWSKI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: Ewa KRASNODĘBSKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Title: Effect of soil conditioner (UGmax) application on the content of phenols and glycoalkaloids in potato tubers Abstract: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of the soil conditioner UGmax application on phenol and glycoalkaloid content in the tubers of two table potato cultivars. The following factors were examined: factor I - cultivars: Satina and Tajfun; factor II - five application methods of the soil conditioner UGmax: (1) control - no UGmax application; (2) 1.0 L/ha UGmax before planting; (3) 0.5 L/ha UGmax before planting + 0.25 L/ha at potato height of 10-15 cm + 0.25 L/ha in flower bud phase; (4) 1.0 L/ha UGmax before planting + 0.50 L/ha at potato height of 10-15 cm + in 0.50 L/ha in flower bud phase; (5) UGmax applied after emergence when plants were 10-15 cm high at the rate of 0.5 L/ha, and at the stage of flower buds at the rate of 0.5 L/ha. The highest concentration of phenols and glycoalkaloids was recorded in plots where UGmax was applied prior to potato planting at the rate of 1.0 L/ha, when plants were 10-15 cm high at the rate of 0.5 L/ha and at the stage of flower buds at the rate of 0.5 L/ha. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, phenolic compounds, polyphenol, tuberous crop, nutritional value Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 231-235 Volume: 63 Issue: 5 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/196/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/196/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201705-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:5:id:196-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anna M. GAJDA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: Ewa A. CZYŻ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland Author-Name: Jadwiga STANEK-TARKOWSKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland Author-Name: Anthony R. DEXTER Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Conservation, Institute of Soil Science Author-Name: Karolina M. FURTAK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: Jarosław GRZĄDZIEL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Title: Effects of long-term tillage practices on the quality of soil under winter wheat Abstract: These studies were done in 2013-2016 on the effects of two tillage systems on the quality of a loamy sand soil (Eutric Fluvisol) and were based on a field experiment started in 2002. Winter wheat was grown in conventional tillage (CT) with mouldboard ploughing (inversion) tillage; and reduced (non-inversion) tillage (RT) based on soil crushing-loosening equipment and a rigid-tine cultivator. Chopped wheat straw was used as mulch in both treatments. The physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil were investigated. RT increased soil bulk density in the 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm depth layers in comparison with CT. The greatest content of soil organic carbon (SOC) was found in the 0-5 cm layer under RT. The BIOLOG EcoPlate System showed that soil under RT had a greater metabolic activity and diversity of microbial communities than soil under CT. RT improved the quality of the surface soil as shown by the greater content of SOC and microbial activity measured in terms of dehydrogenases. However, the mean yields of winter wheat under RT and CT were similar. This suggests that the effects of increased bulk density (BD) on yield can be compensated by the effects of the improved microbial status. Keywords: soil quality, cultivation, microorganisms, microbial diversity, Triticum aestivum L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 236-242 Volume: 63 Issue: 5 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/223/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/223/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201705-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:5:id:223-2017-PSE