Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jolanta BOJARSZCZUK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forage Crop Production, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: Jerzy KSIĘŻAK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forage Crop Production, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: Anna GAŁĄZKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Title: Soil respiration depending on different agricultural practices before maize sowing Abstract: The aim of the study was to compare soil respiration depending on different agricultural practices before sowing of maize (Zea mays L.). Results of the study were derived from the field experiment that was carried out in 2013-2015; the research indicates that soil respiration depends on cultivation method. The highest soil respiration was recorded in maize cultivation in monoculture using full tillage. The simplifications in maize cultivation caused a decrease of soil respiration, especially in direct sowing. The lowest level of this parameter was recorded in monoculture in direct sowing. Compared with other treatments, such as direct sowing, reduced tillage and crop rotation, soil respiration was higher by 65, 55 and 12%, respectively. The statistically significant differences in soil respiration in the tested agricultural practices were observed in the first date of measurement in all years of the study. The higher soil respiration values were noted in autumn. The yield of maize correlated with soil respiration, but stronger relationship was noted between soil respiration and grain yield of maize than straw yield. The simple regression analysis showed no linear relationship between soil respiration and evaporation, changes in soil moisture and biochemical parameters such as soil dehydrogenase activity, acid and alkaline phosphatase. Keywords: soil fertility, biological activity, tillage management, carbon dioxide, grain yield Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 435-441 Volume: 63 Issue: 10 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/597/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/597/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201710-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:10:id:597-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jitka MALÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zuzana BÍLKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Karel HRICH Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kateřina SCHRIMPELOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michal KRIŠKA Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michal ŠEREŠ Author-Workplace-Name: Dekonta, a.s., Stehelčeves, Czech Republic Title: Sustainability of denitrifying bioreactors with various fill media Abstract: Nitrogen losses from utilised agricultural areas are responsible for water quality degradation and eutrophication. Denitrifying bioreactors can be used to reduce high nitrate concentrations in agricultural runoff in situ. The main factors affecting their function are the bioreactor fill medium and process parameters such as hydraulic retention time, temperature and inlet concentration of nitrates. The paper presents the results of laboratory experiments achieved with bioreactors filled with eight different wood-based materials, namely mulch, a mixture of spruce and pine sawdust, a mixture of pine and larch bark, and chips made of oak, poplar, larch, beech, and spruce wood. A sustainability index was used to assess the impact of the bioreactor on the environment. The best results were shown by beech, mulch and poplar and were achieved with hydraulic retention times 1.6-0.7-2.2 days, respectively, and inlet NO3--N concentration of 43.1 mg/L. Keywords: drainage, aqueous environment, denitrification, woodchips, laboratory scale model Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 442-448 Volume: 63 Issue: 10 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/372/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/372/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201710-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:10:id:372-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karolina FURTAK Author-Name: Karolina GAWRYJOŁEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: Anna M. GAJDA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Author-Name: Anna GAŁĄZKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland Title: Effects of maize and winter wheat grown under different cultivation techniques on biological activity of soil Abstract: The aim of the study was to compare the activity and functional biodiversity in soil under two different cereals: common maize and winter wheat, both grown in the same pattern of cultivation techniques: conventional (to 25 cm depth) and reduced (to 10 cm depth). Soil samples for comparative analysis were collected at the same time (July 2016) at a long-term field experiment, which was carried out in 2013-2016. Soil biological activity was determined by measurement of dehydrogenases activity (DHa) with TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) application, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) content by fumigation-extraction method, and functional diversity of soil microorganisms using the Biolog EcoPlate System. The results demonstrated that the cultivation technique had a greater impact on the soil biological activity, compared to the type of cereal. Higher biological activity was found in the soil under reduced tillage in both cereals. Calculated correlations showed that DHa, MBC, MBN and acid phosphatases were positively correlated with each other. The negative correlation obtained between yield and biological parameters of activity in soil was not expected. Keywords: Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, management practices, soil microbial activity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 449-454 Volume: 63 Issue: 10 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/486/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/486/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201710-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:10:id:486-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniela PAVLÍKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Veronika ZEMANOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milan PAVLÍK Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The contents of free amino acids and elements in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris cretica and non-hyperaccumulator Pteris straminea during reversible senescence Abstract: The objectives of this study were to analyse the relationship between the contents of elements and free amino acids (AAs) in fronds of As-hyperaccumulator Pteris cretica cv. Albo-lineata (PC) and non-hyperaccumulator Pteris straminea (PS) during reversible senescence. The time-course effect on senescence was also investigated. The two ferns were grown in a pot experiment with soil containing 16 mg Astotal/kg soil for 160 days. The contents of elements and AAs in both ferns and in individual sampling periods differed. The highest accumulation of elements and AAs was measured in PS fronds after 83 days; however, the accumulation of As, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, P and asparagin in PC fronds was highest after 160 days. The results of principal component analysis showed more rapid senescence of PS compared to PC. This was caused by changes in the relationship between the contents of elements (cofactors of metalloenzymes, stress metabolites) and AAs (transport of NH2 group and stress metabolites). The hyperaccumulator plant (PC) was more resistant than the bioindicator plant (PS) to the conversion from reversible to irreversible senescence. Keywords: metallophytes, anabolic and catabolic processes, stress metabolism plants, nitrogen assimilation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 455-460 Volume: 63 Issue: 10 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/606/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/606/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201710-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:10:id:606-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shaikh Abdullah Al MAMUN HOSSAIN Author-Workplace-Name: College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh Author-Name: Lixue WANG Author-Workplace-Name: College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Taotao CHEN Author-Workplace-Name: College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: LI Zhenhua Author-Workplace-Name: College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Title: Leaf area index assessment for tomato and cucumber growing period under different water treatments Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the leaf area index (LAI) of tomato and cucumber using an AccuPAR-LP-80-ceptometer to find the influence of irrigation. LAI was also determined by destructive sampling for comparison. The research was conducted at the Liaoning Water Conservancy Institute, North China in 2016. A randomized block design was used to test the influence of four treatments corresponding to field water capacity. Full irrigation (W1.0), 15% (W0.85), 25% (W0.75) and 35% (W0.65) water deficit were applied using the drip system. Regression model was developed to estimate LAI in response to irrigation. The results show that there is no difference between the two methods. The highest LAI obtained for tomato and cucumber was 5.21 and 3.21 m2/m2, respectively, with W0.85 at 70-days after transplanting, which corresponds with destructive results. This result was found 11% higher and equal compared with W1.0 for tomato (4.62) and cucumber (3.21), respectively. For both crops, LAI was found significantly influenced at 50-days after transplanting. It also indicated that LAI significantly influenced (by 15%) deficit irrigation for both crops and methods that achieved the highest yield. The predicted LAI was obtained best-fitting with the observed values, which indicated that the AccuPAR-ceptometer is suitable to be used. Keywords: drip irrigation, Solanum lycopersicum, Cucumis sativus, microclimate, water consumption, non-destructive Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 461-467 Volume: 63 Issue: 10 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/568/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/568/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201710-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:10:id:568-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ling-An NIU Author-Name: Jin-Min HAO Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Impacts of fertilizer application rates on phosphorus dynamics in salt-affected soil Abstract: As a new rebuilding agricultural soil on the North China plains, the salt-affected soil had a short soil-forming process of about 30 years. This paper describes the effect of different fertilization systems on phosphorus (P) dynamics in saline-alkali uncultivated land, in the reserved natural salt-vegetation back zone, and in different phases of fertilization for 24 years on the North China plains. The treatments included control (or check, CK), N1, N2, P1, P2, N1P1, N1P2, N2P1, N2P2. The contents of total phosphorus (TP) showed a significantly decreasing trend from 1.32-1.38 gP/kg to 0.40-0.96 g P/kg. The contents of rapidly available P (RP) were low in the no-P fertilizer treatments and the RP concentrations increased with P fertilizer applications. Corn was the crop that used the most P, especially in the no-P and P fertilizer-only treatments. The treatment with 270 kg N/ha/year and 59 kg P/ha/year represents the most economical fertilizer rates for these salt-affected soils on the North China plains. Keywords: agricultural management, macronutrient, long-term experiment, phosphorus balance, yield Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 468-474 Volume: 63 Issue: 10 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/580/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/580/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201710-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:10:id:580-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Telse VOGEL Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Agronomy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany Author-Name: Michael NELLES Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Waste Management and Material Flow, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany Author-Name: Bettina EICHLER-LÖBERMANN Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Agronomy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany Title: Phosphorus effects of recycled products from municipal wastewater on crops in a field experiment Abstract: In this study, the phosphorus (P) fertilizing effects of struvite, one thermochemical-treated sewage sludge ash (SSA) based on Ca-P (Ca-SSA) and one full sulfuric acid-digested SSA based on Al-P (Al-SSA) were analysed in comparison to triple superphosphate (TSP) and a control treatment (CON) without P application in a two-year field experiment. In the field experiment, the effects of the recycling products on crop yield, P uptake and labile soil P fractions were analysed. In addition, the effect of nitrogen and magnesium contained in struvite was investigated in the second year of the experiment compared to TSP and CON. In the first year, spring barley was cultivated in the field experiment; and in the second year, it was forage rye followed by sorghum. In the second year, the relative P effectiveness (forage rye, sorghum) of the recycling products compared to TSP increased in the order: Ca-SSA (81%, 91%) ≤ Al-SSA (91%, 96%) = struvite (102%, 110%). In addition, an magnesium fertilizing effect of struvite could be demonstrated. The results show that the recycling products from wastewater treatment are appropriate to substitute rock phosphate-based fertilizers. Keywords: macronutrient, bioavailability, organic contaminant, plant nutrition, Hordeum vulgare L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 475-482 Volume: 63 Issue: 10 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/513/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/513/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201710-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:63:y:2017:i:10:id:513-2017-PSE