Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ondřej SEDLÁŘ Author-Name: Jiří BALÍK Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin KULHÁNEK Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jindřich ČERNÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milan KOS Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Mehlich 3 extractant used for the evaluation of wheat-available phosphorus and zinc in calcareous soils Abstract: Relation between wheat (Triticum aestivum) nutritional status determined at the beginning of stem elongation and during anthesis, respectively, and available content of phosphorus (P-M3) and zinc (Zn-M3) determined by the Mehlich 3 extractant was studied. Both one-year pot experiment with spring wheat and two-year on-farm trials with winter wheat were run on various calcareous soils (pH values of 7.18-7.94, median 7.80, P-M3 1-289 ppm, median 54, and Zn-M3 2-14 ppm, median 4), in the Czech Republic (Central Europe). Phosphorus nutrition index (ratio of phosphorus concentration in shoot biomass to critical phosphorus concentration - Pc) was calculated using the Belanger et al.'s model: Pc = -0.677 + 0.221N - 0.00292N(2), where both phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations were expressed in g/kg shoot dry matter. Unlike phosphorus concentration in shoot biomass, phosphorus nutrition index significantly correlated with P-M3 content in soil. Optimal values of the phosphorus nutrition index were recorded if P-M3 was 51-68 ppm. Zinc concentration in shoot biomass more strongly correlated with P:Zn ratio (M3) in soil compared to Zn-M3 content in soil. P:Zn ratio in shoot biomass of 130:1 did not lead to phosphorus deficiency and corresponded to P:Zn (M3) ratio in soil of 9.3:1-14.3:1. Keywords: biofortification, bioavailability, carbonate, soil test, zinc deficiency Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 53-57 Volume: 64 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/691/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/691/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201802-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:2:id:691-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elżbieta PATKOWSKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: Agnieszka JAMIOŁKOWSKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: Marzena BŁAŻEWICZ-WOŹNIAK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Cultivation and Plant Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Title: Antagonistic activity of selected fungi of the soil environment of carrot Abstract: The present studies aim at determining the antagonistic effect of selected fungi species occurring in the soil under carrot cultivation towards Altenaria dauci (J.G. Kühn) J.W. Groves & Skolko, Alternaria radicina Meier, Drechsler & E.D. Eddy, Fusarium oxysporum E.F. Sm & Swingle, Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. The field experiment considered cover crops (oats, tansy phacelia and vetch). The control consisted of traditional carrot cultivation (without cover crops). Statistically, the smallest population of fungi was found in 1 g of soil dry weight after the application of oats, and a slightly bigger - after tansy phacelia and vetch. The largest population of fungi was obtained in the traditional cultivation of carrot. Cover crops contributed to the increase of the population of antagonistic Clonostachys spp., Myrothecium spp., Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. in the soil. Regardless of the experimental treatment, those antagonistic fungi were the most effective in limiting the growth of S. sclerotiorum, A. dauci and A. radicina. The effect of those fungi was a little smaller towards F. oxysporum and R. solani. Oats as a cover crop had the best effect on the antagonistic activity of the studied fungi occurring in the soil environment of carrot. Keywords: Daucus carota L., soil structure, microorganism, soil pathogens, vegetable Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 58-63 Volume: 64 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/792/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/792/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201802-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:2:id:792-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Song GUAN Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Commodity Grain Bases of Jilin Province, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: AN Na Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Commodity Grain Bases of Jilin Province, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Jinhua LIU Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Commodity Grain Bases of Jilin Province, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Ning ZONG Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: HE Yongtao Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Peili SHI Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Jinjing ZHANG Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Commodity Grain Bases of Jilin Province, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: HE Nianpeng Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Title: Warming impacts on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus distribution in soil water-stable aggregates Abstract: A five-year (2010-2015) field experiment was conducted to investigate warming impacts on organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents and their ratios in bulk soil and soil water-stable aggregates in an alpine meadow of the Tibetan Plateau. Compared with unwarmed control, warming had no significant effects on OC, TN and TP contents and their ratios in bulk soil. The contents of OC, TN and TP associated with macroaggregates and microaggregates decreased, whereas those associated with silt + clay fractions significantly increased. The C:N and C:P ratios in macro- and microaggregates and silt + clay fractions decreased, with significant differences for C:P ratio in microaggregates and C:N and C:P ratios in silt + clay fractions. The results indicated that C, N and P were protected chemically in silt- and clay-size fractions under warming, which offset the loss of C, N and P protected physically by macro- and microaggregates. Both physically and chemically protected C decomposition proceeded relatively more rapidly or accumulated relatively more slowly than did N and P. Our results suggest that C, N and P distributions within soil aggregate size fractions influence their net changes in bulk soil under future climate change scenarios. Keywords: grassland ecosystem, open top chambers, soil nutrient, soil structure, stoichiometry Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 64-69 Volume: 64 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/715/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/715/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201802-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:2:id:715-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chutipong ROMSONTHI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand Author-Name: Saowanuch TAWORNPRUEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand Author-Name: Sumitra WATANA Author-Workplace-Name: Land Development Department, Bangkok, Thailand Title: In situ near-infrared spectroscopy for soil organic matter prediction in paddy soil, Pasak watershed, Thailand Abstract: Soil organic matter (SOM) is a major index of soil quality assessment because it is one of the key soil properties controlling nutrient budgets in agricultural production systems. The aim of the in situ near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for SOM prediction in paddy area is evaluation of the potential of SOM and prediction of other soil properties. There are keys for soil fertility and soil quality assessments. A spectral reflectance of 130 soil samples was collected by field spectroradiometer in a region of near-infrared. Spectral reflectance collections were processed by the first derivative transformation with the Savitsky-Golay algorithms. Partial least square regression method was used to develop a calibration model between soil properties and spectral reflectance, which was used for prediction and validation processes. Finally, the results of this study demonstrate that NIRS is an effective method that can be used to predict SOM (R2 = 0.73, RPD (ratio of performance to deviation) = 1.82) and total nitrogen (R2 = 0.72, RPD = 1.78). Therefore, NIRS is a potential tool for soil properties predictions. The use of these techniques will facilitate the implementation of soil management with a decreasing cost and time of soil study in a large scale. However, further works are necessary to develop more accurate soil properties prediction and to apply this method to other areas. Keywords: remote sensing, non-destructive technique, land use, soil spectral reflectance, nutrient Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 70-75 Volume: 64 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/716/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/716/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201802-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:2:id:716-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ondřej CUDLÍN Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef HAKL Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michal HEJCMAN Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel CUDLÍN Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: The use of compressed height to estimate the yield of a differently fertilized meadow Abstract: Monitoring of grassland dry matter yield (DMY) is important for the economy and ecosystem management, but it is a time-consuming process. Calculating the correlation between compressed height (CH) and DMY is a faster way to estimate DMY. The aim of our study was to use CH in order to predict DMY for a meadow with different fertilization management and plant species composition. Four fertilization treatments and one unfertilized control were established in a mesophilic meadow in the Czech Republic. Using a rising plate meter (RPM), CH was measured before the first and second cuts. In addition, the cover of individual vascular plant species was estimated. Significant correlations between CH and DMY were ranging from 0.41 to 0.79 for treatments without nitrogen fertilization in the first and second cuts; for treatments with nitrogen fertilization there was a significant correlation only in the second cut. According to our results, the RPM method seems to be suitable for a rough DMY estimate for meadows with coverage of about 60% grasses, 10% legumes and 30% forbs. However, considerable changes in the cover of tall forbs (e.g. Urtica dioica L.) or tall grasses (e.g. Dactylis glomerata L.) could be the main sources of DMY estimation inaccuracy. Keywords: biomass production, forage, pasture, nutrient, plant diversity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 76-81 Volume: 64 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/732/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/732/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201802-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:2:id:732-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Krystyna ZARZECKA Author-Name: Marek GUGAŁA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Title: The effect of herbicides and biostimulants on sugars content in potato tubers Abstract: The objective of the present work was to determine changes in total sugars, reducing sugars and sucrose content in potato tubers under conditions involving an application of biostimulants and herbicides. Research material included table potato tubers obtained in a three-year field experiment. The experiment was a split-plot design with three replicates. The factors were as follows: factor I - three table potato cultivars (Bartek, Gawin and Honorata), factor II - five methods of biostimulant and herbicide application (1. control - without biostimulants or herbicides; 2. Harrier 295 ZC (linuron + chlomazon); 3. Harrier 295 ZC (linuron + chlomazon) and growth regulator Kelpak®SL; 4. Sencor 70 WG (metribuzin); 5. Sencor 70 WG (metribuzin) and growth regulator Asahi®SL. Variance analysis demonstrated that total sugars, reducing sugars and sucrose content were affected by the biostimulants and herbicides applied as well as cultivars and weather conditions. Compared with control, a significant increase in total sugars followed an application of Sencor 70 WG as well as Sencor 70 WG and the growth regulator Asahi®SL whereas reducing sugars and sucrose content significantly increased after Sencor 70 WG and the growth regulator Asahi®SL were applied. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, carbohydrate, pesticide Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 82-87 Volume: 64 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/21/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/21/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201802-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:2:id:21-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zdeněk KOŠNÁŘ Author-Name: Pavel TLUSTOŠ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Removal of soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons derived from biomass fly ash by plants and organic amendments Abstract: Phytoremediation using maize (Zea mays L.) assisted by the compost or vermicompost amendments was the most appropriate strategy for bioremediation of soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from biomass fly ash. Higher removal of low molecular weight PAHs than medium and high molecular weight PAHs within the same treatment were observed. The total PAH content in planted soil with compost or vermicompost was decreased in a range between 62.9-64.9%. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between the compost and vermicompost amendments on the total removal of ash-PAHs. The content of PAH derived by ash did not have adverse effect on maize cultivation and biomass yield. The contribution of PAH reduction by maize roots on the soil total PAH removal was negligible. Therefore, maize significantly boosted the PAH removal in soil. The harvested maize shoots did not represent any environmental risk. Keywords: carcinogenic compound, combustion residues, contamination, degradation, soil amendments Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 88-94 Volume: 64 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/39/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/39/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201802-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:2:id:39-2018-PSE