Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iduna ARDUINI Author-Name: Roberto CARDELLI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Author-Name: Silvia PAMPANA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Title: Biosolids affect the growth, nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen leaching of barley Abstract: Biosolids are organic fertilisers derived from treated and stabilised sewage sludge that increase soil fertility and supply nitrogen to crops over a long period, but can also increase the risk of nitrogen (N) leaching. In this work, spring barley was grown in lysimeters filled with soil amended with biosolids, and with and without mineral N fertilisation. Biomass and the N concentration and content of shoots and roots were determined at flowering and maturity, and the N remobilization was calculated during grain filling. Drainage water was collected and analysed for N leaching. Biosolids increased soil porosity and soil nitrate, and positively affected the growth and N uptake of barley. Compared to mineral fertilisers, biosolids produced 18% higher vegetative biomass and 40% higher grain yield. During grain filling, both N uptake and N remobilization were higher with biosolids, which increased the grain N content by 32%. Nitrogen loss in leachates was 1.2% of plant uptake with mineral fertilisers and 1.7% with biosolids. Thus, soil fertilisation with biosolids greatly benefits spring barley, only slightly increasing N leaching. Keywords: cereals, Hordeum vulgare, N nutrition, organic wastewater solids, yield components Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 95-101 Volume: 64 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/745/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/745/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201803-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:3:id:745-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Agata BOROWIK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: Jadwiga WYSZKOWSKA Title: Response of Avena sativa L. and the soil microbiota to the contamination of soil with Shell diesel oil Abstract: This study analysed the changes in the development of Avena sativa L. cultivated on soil contaminated with diesel oil (DO; 0, 7, 14 and 21 mL/kg of soil dry matter), and in the microbiological, biochemical, chemical and physico-chemical properties of the soil. In addition to basic fertilisation fulfilling the nutritional needs of the oat plant, finely ground barley straw and finely ground charcoal was also applied. The study revealed a highly toxic effect of DO on the growth and development of Avena sativa L. The uptake of macro- and micronutrients by the tested plant decreased significantly. The active bacteria were identified based on the analysis of 16S rRNA coding sequences. In objects contaminated with DO, a more rapid development of organotrophic bacteria, actinomyces and fungi was observed, as well as higher activity of dehydrogenases, catalase, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase. In the soils contaminated with DO, more Corg and available and exchangeable potassium were found than in the non-contaminated soils. DO did not have such a significant effect on the contents of other elements in the soil. The use of charcoal and straw stimulated both the development of microorganisms and the activity of soil enzymes, yet it did not mitigate the adverse effect of DO on the growth or development of the oat plant. Keywords: petroleum product, pollution, biomonitoring, toxic elements, physico-chemical properties of soil, biostimulation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 102-107 Volume: 64 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/765/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/765/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201803-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:3:id:765-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jingang LIANG Author-Workplace-Name: Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Ying LUAN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Yue JIAO Author-Workplace-Name: Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Shi SUN Author-Workplace-Name: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: WU Cunxiang Author-Workplace-Name: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: WU Haiying Author-Workplace-Name: Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchong, P.R. China Author-Name: Mingrong ZHANG Author-Workplace-Name: Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchong, P.R. China Author-Name: Haifeng ZHANG Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaobo ZHENG Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhengguang ZHANG Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P.R. China Title: High-methionine soybean has no significant effect on nitrogen-transforming bacteria in rhizosphere soil Abstract: Transgenic plants may induce shifts in the microbial community composition that in turn alter microbially-mediated nutrient cycling in soil. Studies of how specific microbial groups respond to genetically modified (GM) planting help predict potential impacts upon processes performed by these groups. This study investigated the effect of transgenic high-methionine soybean cv. ZD91 on nitrogen-fixing and ammonia-oxidizing bacterial populations. A difference in nitrogen-fixing or ammonia-oxidizing bacteria community composition was not found, suggesting that cv. ZD91 does not alter the bacterial populations in rhizosphere soil. This study increases our understanding of the potential effect of transgenic soybean on microbial functional groups within soil by suggesting that nitrogen-transforming bacteria may be useful for future investigations on the GM crops impact in the soil ecosystem. Keywords: soil microorganism, bioindicator, genetically modified organisms, Glycine max, nitrogen-fixing bacteria Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 108-113 Volume: 64 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/750/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/750/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201803-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:3:id:750-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbora ŠLAPÁKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Julie JEŘÁBKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Karel VOŘÍŠEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav TEJNECKÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ondřej DRÁBEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The biochar effect on soil respiration and nitrification Abstract: Soil microorganisms play a main role in the nutrient cycle and they also play an important role in soil health. This article studies the influence of three rates of biochar (0.5, 1 and 3%) in comparison with control (0 biochar) in two different soils (Valečov and Čistá) on soil microbiota activities. The biochar was prepared from 80% of digestate from Zea mays L. and 20% of cellulose fibres by pyrolysis (470°C, 17 min). The biochar ability to influence microbial processes in soil was determined by respiration and nitrification tests. There were no significant differences between basal respiration of control samples and biochar-amended samples. Basal respiration in the Valečov soil reached average amounts from 1.32 to 1.52 mg CO2/h/100 g. In the Čistá soil, basal respiration reached average amounts from 1.40 to 1.49 mg CO2/h/100 g. No significant differences were proved also in nitrification tests of both soils. Nitrifying potential was the highest in 3% rate of biochar amendment. There were no negative changes in the measured soil parameters. CO2 efflux was not higher in biochar-amended soil. Keywords: microbial activity, mineralization, soil amendment, cambisol Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 114-119 Volume: 64 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/13/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/13/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201803-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:3:id:13-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elżbieta PATKOWSKA Title: Antagonistic bacteria in the soil after Daucus carota L. cultivation Abstract: The studies determined the effect of bacteria Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. isolated from the soil after carrot cultivation on pathogenic fungi Altenaria dauci, A. radicina, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. A field experiment on carrot cultivation considered different intercrop plants (rye, buckwheat, white mustard, sunflower). Rye and buckwheat were the most conducive to the growth of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Those bacteria were the most effective in inhibiting the growth of F. solani, F. oxysporum and R. solani. The antagonistic effect of soil-borne Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. towards the tested fungi was the largest after the application of rye and white mustard as intercrop plants in the cultivation of carrot. Buckwheat and sunflower showed a slightly smaller influence on the antagonistic activity of the studied bacteria. Bacillus ssp. had a significantly lesser antagonistic effect than Pseudomonas ssp. Keywords: soil-borne microorganisms, plant pathogens, root vegetable, gram-positive and gram-negative bacterium Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 120-125 Volume: 64 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/42/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/42/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201803-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:3:id:42-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Witold SZCZEPANIAK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Jarosław POTARZYCKI Author-Name: Witold GRZEBISZ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Bartłomiej NOWICKI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: Zinc and amino acids impact on nutrient status of maize during the 'critical window' Abstract: It has been assumed that zinc (Zn) fertilizers applied to maize simultaneously with amino acids (AA) at early stages of its growth may decrease the yield variability due to correcting its nutritional status during the 'critical window'. Two Zn carriers were evaluated (Zn-I - Zn chelate; Zn-II - Zn oxide); they were applied to maize at BBCH 14/15 with or without amino acids, based on two rates of nitrogen (80 and 160 kg N/ha). The precipitation deficiency in 2015 resulted in the grain yield decrease by 35% compared to 2014. An advantage of higher N rate was proved in 2014, whereas the influence of Zn and AA showed in 2015. In this year, the beneficial impact of Zn-oxide and AA combined application resulted in amelioration, at least partially, of the imbalance of certain macronutrient content (N, P, Mg) during the 'critical window'. These effects were revealed due to a boosted number of kernels in cob, and particularly higher thousand kernel weight. Consequently, the yield depression in 2015 was partly overcome. The results indicated that simultaneous application of Zn oxide and AA to maize at BBCH 14/15 corrected both its nutritional status during the 'critical window' and yield components, but had no effect on the yield itself. Keywords: zinc fertilizers, amino acids, Zea mays L., rainfall deficiency, DRIS analysis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 126-131 Volume: 64 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/19/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/19/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201803-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:3:id:19-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavla KUBÁTOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiřina SZÁKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kateřina BŘENDOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Stanislava KROULÍKOVÁ-VONDRÁČKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Markéta DREŠLOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel TLUSTOŠ Title: Effect of tree harvest intervals on the removal of heavy metals from a contaminated soil in a field experiment Abstract: Four clones of short rotation coppice (SRCs) were investigated for phytoextraction of soil contaminated by risk elements (REs), especially Cd, Pb and Zn. As a main experimental factor, the influence of rotation length on the removal of REs was assessed. The field experiment with two Salix clones (S1 - (Salix schwerinii × Salix viminalis) ×S. viminalis; S2 - S. × smithiana) and two Populus clones (P1 - Populus maximowiczii × Populus nigra; P2 - P. nigra) was established in April 2008 on moderately contaminated soil. For the first time, all clones were harvested in February 2012 (20124y) after 4 years. Subsequently each plot was equally split into halves. The first half of the SRC clones was harvested in February 2014 after 2 years (20142y) and again it was harvested in February 2016 after further 2 years (20162y). The second half was harvested in February 2016 after 4 years (20164y). The results showed that the biomass production for the second 4-year harvest period was significantly higher for all clones but the metal concentration was lower in the mentioned period. 4-year rotation seems to be more advantageous for the phytoextraction than two 2-year rotations. The highest metal removal presented by remediation factors (RFs) per 4 years for Cd (6.39%) and for Zn (2.55%) were found for S2 in the harvest 20164y treatment. Removal of Pb was the highest by P1 clone with very low RF per 4 years (0.04%). Longer rotation is also economically superior. Keywords: willow, poplar, cadmium, lead, zinc, contamination Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 132-137 Volume: 64 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/755/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/755/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201803-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:3:id:755-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ghiles KACI Author-Workplace-Name: High National School of Agronomy, Plant Production Department, Laboratory for Integrative Improvement of Plant Productions, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria Author-Name: Didier BLAVET Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Development-IRD, UMR Eco&Sols, Functional Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Soils and Agro-Ecosystems, INRA-IRD-CIRAD-SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France Author-Name: Samia BENLAHRECH Author-Workplace-Name: High National School of Agronomy, Plant Production Department, Laboratory for Integrative Improvement of Plant Productions, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria Author-Name: Ernest KOUAKOUA Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Development-IRD, UMR Eco&Sols, Functional Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Soils and Agro-Ecosystems, INRA-IRD-CIRAD-SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France Author-Name: Petra COUDERC Author-Workplace-Name: Interdisciplinary Research Center in Letters, Languages, Arts and Humanities Sciences, UFR Lettres and Humanities Sciences, Antilles Author-Name: Philippe DELEPORTE Author-Workplace-Name: Center for International Cooperation in Agronomic Research for Development-CIRAD,UMR Eco&Sols, Functional Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Soils and Agro-Ecosystems, INRA-IRD-CIRAD-SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France Author-Name: Dominique DESCLAUX Author-Workplace-Name: National Institue of Agronomic Research-INRA, UE Diascope, Montpellier, France Author-Name: Mourad LATATI Author-Workplace-Name: High National School of Agronomy, Plant Production Department, Laboratory for Integrative Improvement of Plant Productions, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria Author-Name: Marc PANSU Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Development-IRD, UMR Eco&Sols, Functional Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Soils and Agro-Ecosystems, INRA-IRD-CIRAD-SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France Author-Name: Jean-Jacques DREVON Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Agronomic Research-INRA, UMR Eco&Sols, Functional Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Soils and Agro-Ecosystems, INRA-IRD-CIRAD-SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France Author-Name: Sidi Mohamed OUNANE Author-Workplace-Name: High National School of Agronomy, Plant Production Department, Laboratory for Integrative Improvement of Plant Productions, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria Title: The effect of intercropping on the efficiency of faba bean - rhizobial symbiosis and durum wheat soil-nitrogen acquisition in a Mediterranean agroecosystem Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the rhizobial symbiosis and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) accumulations in soil and plants in intercropping versus sole cropping in biennial rotation of a cereal - durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), and a N2-fixing legume - faba bean (Vicia faba L.) over a three-year period at the INRA (National Institue of Agronomic Research) experimental station in the Mauguio district, south-east of Montpellier, France. Plant growth, nodulation and efficiency in the use of rhizobial symbiosis (EURS) for the legume, nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) for the cereal, and N and C accumulation in the soil were evaluated. Shoot dry weight (SDW) and NNI were significantly higher for intercropped than for the sole cropped wheat whereas there was no significant difference on SDW between the intercropped and sole cropped faba beans. EURS was higher in intercropped than in sole cropped faba bean. Furthermore, by comparison with a weeded fallow, there was a significant increase in soil C and N content over the three-year period of intercropping and sole cropping within the biennial rotation. It is concluded that intercropping increases the N nutrition of wheat by increasing the availability of soil-N for wheat. This increase may be due to a lower interspecific competition between legume and wheat than intra-specific competition between wheat plants, thanks to the compensation that the legume can achieve by fixing the atmospheric nitrogen. Keywords: carbon storage, grain yield and quality production, legumes, macronutrients, N2 fixation, plant-soil system Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 138-146 Volume: 64 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/9/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/9/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201803-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:3:id:9-2018-PSE