Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francesca SANNA
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), Turin, Italy
Author-Name: Roberto DEBOLI
Author-Workplace-Name: Institutefor Agricultural and Earthmoving Machines - National Research Council (IMAMOTER-CNR), Turin, Italy
Author-Name: Angela CALVO
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Title: Variability of tomato in protected environment in response to meteorological parameters
Abstract: An experimental site for the measurement of meteorological parameters in protected environment and the evaluation of the tomato cultivar variability is presented in this paper. The site was equipped with cultivation structures with different covering materials and calibrated sensors traceable to the International System of Units. The microclimate conditions were monitored by sensors for solar radiation (from 290 nm to 2800 nm), air temperature (from -10°C to 40°C) and relative humidity (from 10% RH to 98% RH) inside and outside the tunnels. Specific procedures were used to calibrate the instruments. The following aspects were evaluated: microclimate and solar radiation within different cultivations; morphological observations of the tomatoes in response to the different environments; optical and radiometric properties of the films used as covering material. High temperatures recorded (over 40°C) changed the transmissive feature of the films and consequently affected the growth, anthesis, leaf area index and fruit setting of tomatoes.
Keywords: metrology, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., calibration uncertainty, meteorological measurements
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 247-254
Volume: 64
Issue: 6
Year: 2018
DOI: 10.17221/772/2017-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/772/2017-PSE.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:6:id:772-2017-PSE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jiří ZBÍRAL
Author-Name: Michaela SMATANOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Pavel NĚMEC
Author-Workplace-Name: Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Brno, Czech Republic
Title: Sulphur status in agricultural soils determined using the Mehlich 3 method
Abstract: Several sets of soil samples were chosen to demonstrate the applicability of the Mehlich 3 extractant for the determination of sulphur (S) in soils. Archived samples from 139 basal soil monitoring plots (BSMS) sampled in 1995 and 2013, samples from eleven long-term field trials sampled in 1981 and 2017, 1167 soil samples from the areas vulnerable to S losses and 720 samples from the non-vulnerable areas sampled in 2010 were chosen for the experiments. Mehlich 3 clearly showed a statistically highly significant decrease in the soil S content caused by reduction of SO2 emissions in the long-term field experiments from 33 mg/kg in 1981 to 8 mg/kg in 2017 for the median of the untreated controls. Similar results were obtained for BSMS samples, where an average decrease from 26 mg/kg in 1995 to 17 mg/kg in 2013 was found. Mehlich 3 also showed that more than 52% of samples from the areas vulnerable to S losses were in a very low content category in contrast to only 3% of soils from the other areas. Mehlich 3 clearly proved the capacity to distinguish changes in the content of soil S in all studied cases.
Keywords: long-term sulphur changes, criteria for Mehlich 3 extractable sulphur, soil testing, multielement method
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 255-259
Volume: 64
Issue: 6
Year: 2018
DOI: 10.17221/142/2018-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/142/2018-PSE.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:6:id:142-2018-PSE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: MI Na
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang, P.R. China
Author-Name: Fu CAI
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang, P.R. China
Author-Name: Yushu ZHANG
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang, P.R. China
Author-Name: JI Ruipeng
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang, P.R. China
Author-Name: Shujie ZHANG
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang, P.R. China
Author-Name: Yang WANG
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Meteorological Science of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, P.R. China
Title: Differential responses of maize yield to drought at vegetative and reproductive stages
Abstract: Determining the effects of progressive drought (PD) on dry matter production, partitioning, and grain yield of maize will help in designing a suitable strategy for water management. Though influences of drought on maize growth and development have been investigated extensively, few of them focused on the effects of different duration and occurrence stage of PD on yield formation of maize. Six variations of PD, in the form of withholding irrigation for varying lengths of time from jointing or tasselling, were tested in the field, using a mobile rain shelter, in terms of their effects on aboveground biomass accumulation, partitioning, and grain yield in 2015-2016. The results showed that grain yield was significantly reduced by PD during either vegetative or reproductive stage, and the reduction in grain yield from reproductive PD (41.6-46.6%) was greater than that from vegetative PD (18.6-26.2%). The decrease in grain yield was largely caused by the decrease in kernels per ear (r2 = 0.88, P < 0.001). This research implied that guaranteeing water supply for maize during reproductive stage is crucially important to avoid the reduction in kernels per ear and grain yield.
Keywords: drought stress, corn, kernels per ear, yield component, Zea mays L
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 260-267
Volume: 64
Issue: 6
Year: 2018
DOI: 10.17221/141/2018-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/141/2018-PSE.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:6:id:141-2018-PSE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Renata DUFFKOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: ResearchInstitute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Jakub BROM
Author-Workplace-Name: Facultyof Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Title: Plant composition, herbage yield, and nitrogen objectives in Arrhenatherion grasslands affected by cattle slurry application
Abstract: Cattle slurry is commonly used to fertilize grasslands, so its impact on plant composition and herbage properties is important. Cattle slurry at annual rates of 60 (S1), 120 (S2), 180 (S3), and 240 kg nitrogen (N)/ha (S4) was applied to Arrhenatherion grasslands in moderately wet (WS), slopy (SS), and moderately dry (DS) sites cut three times a year over six years, to assess its effects on plant functional types, the Ellenberg N indicator value (Ellenberg N), herbage dry matter (DM) yield, herbage N content and offtake, N nutrition index (NNI), and N use efficiency (NUE). The site-specific changes in an increase in graminoid cover, Ellenberg N, herbage DM yield and N offtake, and NNI along with slurry application rates revealed, while cover of legumes, short forbs, and NUE decreased. In more productive sites (WS and SS), slurry application in the amount of 180 kg N/ha could be suggested as a slurry dose ensuring beneficial agronomic objectives. However, nature conservation requirements via maintaining plant biodiversity were not met. On the contrary, short-term slurry application up to 120 kg N/ha ensured on permeable DS not only sufficient agronomic objectives, but also plant biodiversity conservation requirements.
Keywords: herbage production, grasses, plant diversity, agronomic demands, fertilizer
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 268-275
Volume: 64
Issue: 6
Year: 2018
DOI: 10.17221/178/2018-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/178/2018-PSE.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:6:id:178-2018-PSE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ivana ŠESTAK
Author-Name: Milan MESIĆ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of General Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Author-Name: Željka ZGORELEC
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of General Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Author-Name: Aleksandra PERČIN
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of General Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Author-Name: Ivan STUPNIŠEK
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of General Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Title: Visible and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for field-scale assessment of Stagnosols properties
Abstract: Spectral data contain information on soil organic and mineral composition, which can be useful for soil quality monitoring. The objective of research was to evaluate hyperspectral visible and near infrared reflectance (VNIR) spectroscopy for field-scale prediction of soil properties and assessment of factors affecting soil spectra. Two hundred soil samples taken from the experiment field (soil depth: 30 cm; sampling grid: 15 × 15 m) were scanned using portable spectroradiometer (350-1050 nm) to identify spectral differences of soil treated with ten different rates of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer (0-300 kg N/ha). Principal component analysis revealed distinction between higher- and lower-N level treatments conditioned by differences in soil pH, texture and soil organic matter (SOM) composition. Partial least square regression resulted in very strong correlation and low root mean square error (RMSE) between predicted and measured values for the calibration (C) and validation (V) dataset, respectively (SOM, %: RC2 = 0.75 and RV2 = 0.74; RMSEC = 0.334 and RMSEV = 0.346; soil pH: RC2 = 0.78 and RV2 = 0.62; RMSEC = 0.448 and RMSEV = 0.591). Results indicated that hyperspectral VNIR spectroscopy is an efficient method for measurement of soil functional attributes within precision farming framework.
Keywords: nitrogen fertilization, remote sensing, non-destructive method, climatic condition, soil texture, linear calibration
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 276-282
Volume: 64
Issue: 6
Year: 2018
DOI: 10.17221/220/2018-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/220/2018-PSE.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:6:id:220-2018-PSE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ya-Dong SHAO
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China
Author-Name: De-Jian ZHANG
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China
Author-Name: HU Xian-Chun
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China
Author-Name: WU Qiang-Sheng
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Chang-Jun JIANG
Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
Author-Name: Ting-Jun XIA
Author-Workplace-Name: Hubei Ecology Polytechnic College, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
Author-Name: Xiu-Bing GAO
Author-Workplace-Name: Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Province Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang,
Author-Name: Kamil KUČA
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
Title: Mycorrhiza-induced changes in root growth and nutrient absorption of tea plants
Abstract: Tea plants grown in acidic soils are strongly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizas, whereas it is not clear whether soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improve plant growth, root development, and nutrient absorption in tea plants. A potted study was conducted to determine the effects of Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Diversispora spurca, D. versiformis and a mixture of the three AMF species on plant growth, root morphology, root-hair growth, and leaf nutrient status in Camellia sinensis cv. Fuding Dabaicha in Jingzhou, China. After 12 weeks of AMF inoculation, root mycorrhizal colonization ranged from 15.12% to 40.23%. AMF inoculation heavily increased plant height, shoot and root biomass, and total leaf area, whilst the increased effect was ranked as C. etunicatum > D. spurca > mixed-AMF > D. versiformis in the decreasing order. Mycorrhizal inoculation also considerably increased total root length and volume, whereas obviously inhibited root-hair length and number, in company with an increment in root-hair diameter. Leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Mn contents were significantly higher in AMF-inoculated plants than in non-AMF-inoculated plants, regardless of AMF species. It concludes that AMF inoculation had positive effects on plant growth performance, root morphology, and leaf nutrient levels in cv. Fuding Dabaicha seedlings, whilst C. etunicatum performed the best effects.
Keywords: root hair, soil microorganism, symbiotic fungi, white tea
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 283-289
Volume: 64
Issue: 6
Year: 2018
DOI: 10.17221/126/2018-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/126/2018-PSE.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:6:id:126-2018-PSE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan KUBEŠ
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Milan SKALICKÝ
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Václav HEJNÁK
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Lenka TŮMOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Jan MARTIN
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Jaroslava MARTINKOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: The first genistin absorption screening into vacuoles of Trifolium pratense L.
Abstract: The determination of a transport mechanism for genistin (genistein-7-O-glucoside) across the tonoplast was performed on vacuoles from a cell culture of Trifolium pratense L. Genistin levels were examined in vacuoles as well as in an assay medium by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) after treatment with various substances. MgATP increased the uptake of added genistin by 25%, but the nucleotide-free samples also contained this glycoside. Applying bafilomycin A1, an H+-ATPase inhibitor, indistinctly inhibited genistin absorption. However, vacuolar absorption of genistin was significantly reduced by N,N´-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. This inhibitor can suppress both H+-ATPase and H+-PPase; the effect of pyrophosphate alone was not investigated. An increase in genistein levels, as result of genistin hydrolysis, could also affect the transport mechanism. The results investigated with inhibitors suggest the possible involvement of proton pumps; however additional research is required to confirm the participation of multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) proteins in genistin transport.
Keywords: red clover, in vitro culture, isoflavones, membrane transport, phytoestrogen
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 290-296
Volume: 64
Issue: 6
Year: 2018
DOI: 10.17221/134/2018-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/134/2018-PSE.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:6:id:134-2018-PSE