Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shirley LAMPTEY Author-Workplace-Name: Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana Author-Name: LI Lingling Author-Workplace-Name: Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Junhong XIE Author-Workplace-Name: Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Title: Impact of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration and net ecosystem production in maize Abstract: Agriculture in the semi-arid is often challenged by overuse of nitrogen (N), inadequate soil water and heavy carbon emissions thereby threatening sustainability. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilization levels (N0 - 0, N100 - 100, N200 - 200, N300 - 300 kg N/ha) on soil water dynamics, soil respiration (Rs), net ecosystem production (NEP), and biomass yields. Zero nitrogen soils decreased Rs by 23% and 16% compared to N300 and N200 soils, respectively. However, biomass yield was greatest under N300 compared with N0, which therefore translated into increased net primary production by 89% and NEP by 101% compared to N0. To a lesser extent, N200 increased net primary production by 69% and net ecosystem production by 79% compared to N0. Grain yields were greatest under N300 compared with N100 and N0, which therefore translated into increased carbon emission efficiency (CEE) by 53, 39 and 3% under N300 compared to N0, N100 and N200 treatments, respectively. There appears potential for 200 kg N/ha to be used to improve yield and increase CEE. Keywords: CO2 emission, C sequestration, N rates, terrestrial ecosystem, management practice, greenhouse gases Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 353-360 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/217/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/217/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201808-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:8:id:217-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yueping LIANG Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Yang GAO Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Guangshuai WANG Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, P.R. China Author-Name: SI Zhuanyun Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaojun SHEN Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Aiwang DUAN Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, P.R. China Title: Luxury transpiration of winter wheat and its responses to deficit irrigation in North China Plain Abstract: Reducing crop luxury transpiration is an important step in improving water productivity; water shortage regions are potential hotspots for studying physiological water conservation. This study investigated the amount of luxury transpiration in winter wheat and its responses to different irrigation treatments in North China Plain. The results showed that luxury transpiration existed and increased with growth of winter wheat and after rainfall. In each sampling day, the amount of luxury transpiration under full irrigation was significantly higher than that under deficit irrigation. The average amount of luxury transpiration was 258.87 g/m2 under full irrigation, and 125.18 g/m2 under deficit irrigation during the experimental period. Although the amount of luxury transpiration was 2.09-fold higher under full irrigation than that in deficit irrigation, the water loss ratio due to luxury transpiration in deficit irrigation (8.13%) was significantly higher than that in full irrigation (6.75%). Furthermore, the ratio between luxury transpiration amount and crop daily transpiration was revealed in all sampling dates. Therefore, deficit irrigation should be generalized in the water shortage area, because it can save irrigation water and reduce the amount of luxury transpiration. Full irrigation should be carried out in the water abundant region mainly for higher production. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., precipitation, photosynthesis, drought condition, water use efficiency Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 361-366 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/331/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/331/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201808-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:8:id:331-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michaela ŠKEŘÍKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav BRANT Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milan KROULÍK Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan PIVEC Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr ZÁBRANSKÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef HAKL Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michael HOFBAUER Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Water demands and biomass production of sorghum and maize plants in areas with insufficient precipitation in Central Europe Abstract: Evapotranspiration and transpiration measurements represent a tool for the assessment of crop water demand. The aim of this study was to compare sorghum and maize with respect to its potential for forage production in areas with insufficient precipitation in Central Europe. The values of the actual evapotranspiration (ETa, Bowen ratio balance method), transpiration (sap flow method), leaf area index (LAI) and biomass production of sorghum and maize were measured continuously in years 2010-2012. Sorghum stand provided higher ETa in comparison with maize in dry year 2012. Maize produced consistently more above-ground biomass yield and lower LAI over all evaluated years than sorghum. The sorghum provided similar or higher water use efficiency (WUE) than maize during the period of intensive prolongation growth, however, the higher WUE did not result in higher biomass production. Keywords: Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, Zea mays L., water stress, arid area, rainfall Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 367-378 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/274/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/274/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201808-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:8:id:274-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bo ZHU Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, P.R. China Author-Name: Hongjuan HAN Author-Workplace-Name: Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, P.R. China Author-Name: FU Xiaoyan Author-Workplace-Name: Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, P.R. China Author-Name: LI Zhenjun Author-Workplace-Name: Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, P.R. China Author-Name: Jianjie GAO Author-Workplace-Name: Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, P.R. China Author-Name: Quanhong YAO Author-Workplace-Name: Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, P.R. China Title: Degradation of trinitrotoluene by transgenic nitroreductase in Arabidopsis plants Abstract: The explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a highly toxic and persistent environmental pollutant. TNT is toxic to many organisms, it is known to be a potential human carcinogen, and is persistent in the environment. This study presents a system of phytoremediation by Arabidopsis plants developed on the basis of overexpression of NAD(P)H-flavin nitroreductase (NFSB) from the Sulfurimonas denitrificans DSM1251. The resulting transgenic Arabidopsis plants demonstrated significantly enhanced TNT tolerance and a strikingly higher capacity to remove TNT from their media. The highest specific rate constant of TNT disappearance rate was 1.219 and 2.297 mL/g fresh weight/h for wild type and transgenic plants, respectively. Meanwhile, the nitroreductase activity in transgenic plant was higher than wild type plant. All this indicates that transgenic plants show significantly enhanced tolerances to TNT; transgenic plants also exhibit strikingly higher capabilities of removing TNT from their media and high efficiencies of transformation. Keywords: nitroaromatic compound, biodegradation, contamination, phytotoxicity, fluorescence Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 379-385 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/655/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/655/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201808-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:8:id:655-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexander Ingo LINN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Weed Science, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Author-Name: Pavlína KOŠNAROVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef SOUKUP Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Roland GERHARDS Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Weed Science, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Title: Detecting herbicide-resistant Apera spica-venti with a chlorophyll fluorescence agar test Abstract: Reliable tests on herbicide resistance are important for resistance management. Despite well-established greenhouse bioassays, faster and in-season screening methods would aid in more efficient resistance detection. The feasibility of a chlorophyll fluorescence agar-based test on herbicide resistance in Apera spica-venti L. was investigated. Herbicide resistant and sensitive A. spica-venti seedlings were transplanted into agar containing pinoxaden and pyroxsulam herbicides. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured and the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was determined 48 h and 72 h after the transplantation to agar, respectively. The Fv/Fm values decreased with increasing herbicide concentration. Dose-response curves and respective ED50 values (herbicide concentration leading to 50% decrease of the Fv/Fm value) were calculated. However, each experiment repetition exhibited different sensitivities of the populations for both herbicides. In certain cases, resistant populations demonstrated similar Fv/Fm values as sensitive populations. Contrary to the findings in Alopecurus myosuroides Huds., discrimination of sensitive and resistant A. spica-venti populations was not feasible. An increased importance of the assessment time due to the herbicide concentrations calibrated for fast responses was assumed in this study. Keywords: ALS inhibitor, ACCase inhibitor, herbicide-resistant weed, rapid detection, laboratory study, PAM fluorimeter Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 386-392 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/110/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/110/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201808-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:8:id:110-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jun WANG Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Author-Name: XU Tingting Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Lichu YIN Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China Author-Name: Cheng HAN Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Huan DENG Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Yunbin JIANG Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Wenhui ZHONG Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, P.R. China Title: Nitrate addition inhibited methanogenesis in paddy soils under long-term managements Abstract: Rice fields are a major source of atmospheric methane (CH4). Nitrate has been approved to inhibit CH4 production from paddy soils, while fertilization as well as water management can also affect the methanogenesis. It is unknown whether nitrate addition might result in shifts in the methanogenesis and methanogens in paddy soils influenced by different practices. Six paddy soils of different fertilizer types and groundwater tables were collected from a long-term experiment site. CH4 production rate and methanogenic archaeal abundance were determined with and without nitrate addition in the microcosm incubation. The structure of methanogenic archaeal community was analysed using the PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and pyrosequencing. The results showed that nitrate addition significantly decreased the CH4 production rate and methanogenic archaeal abundance in all six paddy soils by 70-100% and 54-88%, respectively. The quantity, position and relative intensity of DGGE bands exhibited differences when nitrate was added. Nitrate suppressed the growth of methanogenic archaeal species affiliated to Methanosaetaceae, unidentified Euryarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota and Methanosarinaceae. The universal inhibition of nitrate addition on the methanogenesis and methanogens can be adopted as a practice of mitigating CH4 emission in paddy soils under different fertilization and water managements. Keywords: Oryza sativa L., mineral fertilizer, organic manure, biomethanation, archaeal 16S rRNA gene Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 393-399 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/231/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/231/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201808-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:8:id:231-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří DUŠEK Author-Name: Manuel ACOSTA Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Stanislav STELLNER Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ladislav ŠIGUT Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marian PAVELKA Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Consumption of atmospheric methane by soil in a lowland broadleaf mixed forest Abstract: Soils of forest ecosystems can release or consume methane (CH4) depending on their specific hydrological regime. Our study reported the consumption of CH4 by soil in a lowland broadleaf mixed temperate forest in the Czech Republic (Central Europe). The motivation of our study was to determine the importance of CH4 fluxes in context of carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes of a broadleaf mixed forest. CH4 and CO2 emissions from the soil were measured during the 2016 vegetation season on a long transect applying the chamber technique. The average daily consumption of atmospheric CH4 by the forest soil ranged from 0.83 to 1.15 mg CH4-C/m2/day. This consumption of CH4 during summer and autumn periods was not significantly affected by soil temperature and soil moisture. However, during spring period the consumption of CH4 was positively significantly affected by soil temperature and moisture. Estimated amount of carbon (CH4-C) consumed by the forest soil makes up a very small part of carbon (CO2-C) participated in the ecosystem carbon cycle. Keywords: floodplain, greenhouse gases, climate change, Quercus, Fraxinus Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 400-406 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/183/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/183/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201808-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:8:id:183-2018-PSE