Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lin CHEN Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Ecological Water Resource in Northwest Arid Region Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Liangjun FEI Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Ecological Water Resource in Northwest Arid Region Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Zilu WANG Author-Workplace-Name: Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Mohamed Khaled SALAHOU Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Le LIU Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Ecological Water Resource in Northwest Arid Region Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Yun ZHONG Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Ecological Water Resource in Northwest Arid Region Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhiguang DAI Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Ecological Water Resource in Northwest Arid Region Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Title: The effects of ploy (γ-glutamic acid) on spinach productivity and nitrogen use efficiency in North-West China Abstract: Recently, with the problem of low utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers in farmland, agriculture practices have shifted towards the development of environmentally friendly nitrogen fertilizers. Ploy (γ-glutamic acid) is a new plant growth regulator with characteristics of water and fertilizer conservation. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ploy (γ-PGA) on the yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil aggregate of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). The results indicated that γ-PGA (0.1%) increased plant growth (as measured by fresh and dry plant weight). However, increasing γ-PGA significantly decreased spinach quality parameters. The nitrogen utilization and use efficiency were increased with increasing γ-PGA. Ploy was stronger in water coagulation which effectively increased soil porosity and improved soil structure. The results suggest that 0.1% of γ-PGA has positive effects on spinach growth. Keywords: soil amelioration, spinach N uptake, spinach yield, N fertilization, soil water-stability of aggregates Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 517-522 Volume: 64 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/371/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/371/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201811-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:11:id:371-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anh Tuan LE Author-Workplace-Name: Vietnam Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Postharvest Technology, Vietnam Author-Name: Zoltán PÉK Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: Sándor TAKÁCS Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: András NEMÉNYI Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: Lajos HELYES Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Title: The effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on yield, water use efficiency and Brix Degree of processing tomato Abstract: Open field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Phylazonit MC®) as a biofertilizer on processing tomato cultivar var. Uno Rosso F1, grown under three different regimes of water supply. Field effectiveness of rhizobacteria inoculation on total biomass production, yield and water use efficiency, were examined in 2015 and 2016. Seedlings were inoculated with 1% liquid solution of Phylazonit MC® (Pseudomonas putida, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus circulans, B. megaterium; colony-forming unit: 109 CFU/mL) at sowing and planting out by irrigation. There were three different regimes of water supply: rain-fed control (RF); deficit water supply (WS50) and optimum water supply (WS100); the latter was supplied according to the daily evapotranspiration by drip irrigation. Total aboveground biomass (shoot and total yield) and red fruits yield were measured at harvest in August, in both years. Total biomass changed between 32.5 t/ha and 165.7 t/ha, the marketable yield from 14.7 t/ha to 119.8 t/ha and water use efficiency (WUE) between 18.5 kg/m3 to 32.0 kg/m3. The average soluble solids content of the treatment combinations ranged from 3.0 to 8.4°Brix. Seasonal effects were significant between the two years with different precipitation, which manifested in total biomass and marketable yield production. PGPR increased WUE only in WS50 in both years, while under drought stress and higher water supply, the effect was not clear. The effect of PGPR treatment on marketable yield, total biomass and WUE was positive in both years when deficit irrigation was applied and only in the drier season in the case of optimum water supply. Keywords: vegetable crop, water stress, Solanum lycopersicum L., microorganisms, rainfall Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 523-529 Volume: 64 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/818/2017-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/818/2017-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201811-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:11:id:818-2017-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Monika ZRCKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ivana CAPOUCHOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marie ELIÁŠOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš PAZNOCHT Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kateřina PAZDERŮ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr DVOŘÁK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr KONVALINA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Matyáš ORSÁK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zdeněk ŠTĚRBA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: The effect of genotype, weather conditions and cropping system on antioxidant activity and content of selected antioxidant compounds in wheat with coloured grain Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate total antioxidant activity (TAA) and total content of carotenoids (TCC), anthocyanins (TAC), phenolics (TPC) and phenolic acids (PAs) in grain of selected pigmented wheat genotypes and traditional control cultivar cultivated under organic and conventional cropping systems in two-year trials. All of the evaluated parameters were significantly affected both by genotype and evaluated environmental factors. While in TPC, PAs and TCC the effect of years prevailed, TAC was affected mainly by genotype. The effect of genotype and year in TAA was comparable. TPC ranged from 581.71 mg/kg (control cv. Annie) to 723.60 mg/kg (cultivar with purple pericarp PS Karkulka), total PAs content from 711.77 mg/kg (cv. PS Karkulka) to 849.47 mg/kg (cv. Skorpion with blue aleurone). TCC varied from 1.56 mg/kg (cv. PS Karkulka) to 5.32 mg/kg (cv. Citrus with yellow endosperm). The highest TAC (63.23 mg/kg) was found in cv. Skorpion, the lowest (12.70 mg/kg) in cv. AF Jumiko with purple pericarp. Anthocyanins were not detected in cvs. Annie and Citrus. TAA varied from 162.68 mg/kg in cv. Annie to 226.71 mg/kg in breeding line KM 53-14 with blue aleurone. Higher TAA and antioxidants contents and lower grain yields were observed in organic cropping system and in drier year 2016. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., cereals, phytochemical, abiotic stress, water deficit Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 530-538 Volume: 64 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/430/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/430/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201811-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:11:id:430-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Witold GRZEBISZ Author-Name: Jarosław POTARZYCKI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Maria BIBER Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: The early prognosis of tuber yield based on nitrogen status in potato tops Abstract: The pattern of nitrogen net change (ΔN) in potato tops during the period extending from BBCH 33 to BBCH 40 is crucial for tuber yield (TY). This hypothesis was verified based on data from field experiments (2006-2008) with sequentially added nutrients (0, NP, NPK, NPKS, NPKSMg) to potato. The water shortage in June/July 2006 and in June 2008 significantly affected N content, and in turn TY. The TY was reduced by 38% in 2006 and by 23% in 2008, as compared to 2007 (53.7 t/ha). The N content in potato tops at BBCH 40 of 2.5% indicated the lowest TY, whereas 4.3% the maximum TY. The ΔN of +0.4% within the period from BBCH 33 to BBCH 40 determined the optimal range of the N content for the maximum TY (3.9-4.3%). The ΔN trend depended on the change of phosphorus and potassium contents. The key reason of N inefficiency was the shortage of potassium (K), resulting in its negligible change within this period. The pattern of zinc content at BBCH 40 reflected fairly well disturbances in N as well as K supply to potato. A good supply of K and Zn to potato can improve N management just before tuber initiation. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L., tuberous crop, nitrogen management, nutrient content Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 539-545 Volume: 64 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/388/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/388/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201811-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:11:id:388-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr ELZNER Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miroslav JŮZL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel KASAL Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Ltd., Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Title: Effect of different drip irrigation regimes on tuber and starch yield of potatoes Abstract: Small-plot field trials monitored the effect of drip irrigation of potatoes on tuber and starch yield. The trials were performed at two different localities in two trial years, 2016 and 2017. The subject of the evaluation included two cultivars with different vegetation periods (the very early cv. Monika and the semi-early cv. Jolana). Four repeated trials studied 4 irrigation treatments according to the available water capacity (AWC) of the soil, i.e. without irrigation, irrigation when soil humidity decreased below 60, 65 and below 70% AWC. All monitored parameters reflected a positive effect of irrigation in comparison to the non-irrigated control. The Žabčice locality showed the highest tuber and starch yields mostly after medium-intensity irrigation. The Valečov locality achieved the highest tuber and starch yields after the highest-intensity irrigation. Subject to the locality and the cultivar, the recommendation is to introduce automatic irrigation start when the soil humidity drops to 65% AWC for heavy soils and 70% AWC for medium heavy soils. Keywords: drought, Solanum tuberosum L., precipitation, climate change, irrigation frequency, permanent wilting point Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 546-550 Volume: 64 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/400/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/400/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201811-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:11:id:400-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslav ŠUK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miroslav JURSÍK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marie SUCHANOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Dana SCHUSTEROVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kateřina HAMOUZOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Dynamics of herbicide degradation in cauliflower Abstract: The aim of this work was to compare the dynamics of the degradation of herbicides commonly used in brassica vegetables. Series of plot field experiments were carried out in planting cauliflower in 2012-2014. The amount of herbicide residues with the maximum residue level (MRL) determined by the Regulation (EC) No. 396/2005 and with requirements of non-residue production (up to 10 µg/kg of active ingredient in harvested product) was compared. Napropamide, clomazone and dimethachlor were applied before planting and pendimethalin, S-metolachlor, pyridate, ethametsulfuron, dimethenamid, metazachlor, quinmerac, picloram, clopyralid, cycloxydim, fluazifop, propaquizafop and quizalofop were applied after planting the cauliflower. Besides fluazifop and quizalofop, all tested herbicides showed a fast degradation and can be recommended for non-residue production. The amount of fluazifop residues did not fall below the MRL even 6 weeks after application. Residues of post-emergently applied quizalofop were detected in cauliflower 10-44 days after application in most of the samples at concentration 9-73 µg/kg(below the MRL). Keywords: pesticides residues, weed control, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, food contaminant Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 551-556 Volume: 64 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/312/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/312/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201811-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:11:id:312-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yunfa QIAO Author-Workplace-Name: Nanjing University of Information Sciences and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Shujie MIAO Author-Name: LI Yingxue Author-Workplace-Name: Nanjing University of Information Sciences and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Xin ZHONG Author-Workplace-Name: Nanjing University of Information Sciences and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China Title: Chemical composition of soil organic carbon changed by long-term monoculture cropping system in Chinese black soil Abstract: Monoculture is common to meet commodity grain requirements in Northeast China. The effect of long-term monoculture on chemical composition of soil organic carbon (SOC) remains unclear. This study was done to evaluate how changes in chemical compositions of SOC responded to long-term monoculture. To achieve this objective, the chemical compositions of SOC in maize-soybean rotation, continuous soybean and continuous maize were characterized with the nuclear magnetic resonance technique. Two main components, O-alkyl and aromatic C, showed a wider range of relative proportion in monoculture than rotation system across soil profiles, but no difference was observed between two monoculture systems. Pearson's analysis showed a significant relationship between plant-C and OCH3/NCH, alkyl C or alkyl O-C-O, and the A/O-A was closely related to plant-C. The findings indicated a greater influence of monoculture on the chemical composition of SOC compared to rotation, but lower response to crop species. Keywords: cultivation, organic carbon composition, soil profile, rotation, continuous cropping Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 557-563 Volume: 64 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/492/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/492/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201811-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:11:id:492-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yanliang WANG Author-Name: Nicholas CLARKE Author-Workplace-Name: Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway Author-Name: Anne Falk ŘGAARD Author-Workplace-Name: Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway Title: Low phosphorus availability increases shoot boron concentration in canola and potato but not in wheat Abstract: A large proportion of global agricultural soils contain suboptimal available phosphorus (P) for the growth of many plant species. Boron (B) plays important roles in plant growth and development, but limited research has been conducted to study B uptake under low P availability. This study comprised a hydroponic and a mini-rhizobox experiment with canola (Brassica napus L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under P sufficient and deficient conditions. Boron concentrations, rhizosphere soil pH, and gene expression of BnBOR1 in canola were determined. Shoot B concentrations were found significantly increased (11-149%) by low P availability in potato and canola but not in wheat. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicated that BnBOR1;2a, BnBOR1;2c, and BnBOR1;3c were up-regulated after seven days of low P treatment in canola roots. Our results indicate that plant shoot B concentration was dramatically influenced by P availability, and dicots and monocots showed a contrasting B concentration response to low P availability. Keywords: macronutrient, deficiency, toxicity, nutrition, long-term experiment, boron transporter Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 564-570 Volume: 64 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/526/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/526/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201811-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:64:y:2018:i:11:id:526-2018-PSE