Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cheng Hu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiange Xia Author-Name: Yunfeng Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Yan Qiao Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Donghai Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Jun Fan Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Shuanglai Li Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, P.R. China Title: Yield, nitrogen use efficiency and balance response to thirty-five years of fertilization in paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system Abstract: Optimal soil nitrogen management is vital to crop production and environment protection. Little knowledge is available on crop yield, nitrogen uptake, use efficiency and balance in paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system of China. A thirty-five-year long-term field experiment was designed with nine treatments, including an unfertilized treatment (control), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) fertilizer, manure (M), and manure combined with mineral fertilizer treatments. Crop yield, N uptake, use efficiency, and N surplus or deficit amount were determined. The results indicated that rice, wheat yield and N uptake amount in the manure combined with mineral fertilizer treatments were higher than that in the manure alone or mineral fertilizer alone treatments. N use efficiency was the highest in the treatment with manure alone. Soil N input indicated a surplus in the mineral fertilizer in combination with manure treatment, but soil N input indicated a deficit in the control, NPK and M treatments. Considering crop yields, N use efficiency and N balance, recommended N application amount is almost 220 kg N/ha/year in the paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system. Taking into account labour and fertilizer sources, half mineral N and half organic N applications were recommended. Keywords: crop output, fertilizer recovery rate, Oryza sativa L., Triticum aestivum L., long-term fertilizer experiment Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 55-62 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/576/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/576/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201902-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:2:id:576-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr Vrtílek Author-Name: Vladimír Smutný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tamara Dryšlová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lubomír Neudert Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Křen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The effect of agronomic measures on grain yield of winter wheat in drier conditions Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a year of cultivation and three agronomic measures (pre-crop, soil tillage, application of fungicides) on the yield of winter wheat grown in the crop rotation without the livestock production. The results from the years 2011-2017, except for the year 2012, from the Žabčice Field Experimental Station (49°01'20''N, 16°37'55''E) were evaluated. The soil texture is clay loam soil and the soil type is fluvisol. In the field trial, winter wheat was grown after two pre-crops (winter wheat, pea). Two soil tillage technologies, namely the conventional tillage - CT (ploughing - at a depth of 24 cm) and the minimum tillage - MT (shallow loosening - at a depth of 15 cm) were used. Two fungicide treatments against leaf and spikelet diseases were used, and they were compared to the non-treated variants. The obtained results showed that the grain yield of winter wheat was statistically influenced not only by a year of cultivation, but also by the pre-crop, the application of fungicides, and mostly by the interaction of these factors with the soil tillage. The importance of pea as a suitable pre-crop for winter wheat was confirmed as the grain yield was higher compared to winter wheat as a pre-crop by an average of 0.49 t/ha. It was also found that the MT is a more appropriate technology than the CT, on average by 0.12 t/ha over the six years. The importance of fungicide treatment was also confirmed, where the grain yield of winter wheat was higher by 0.26 t/ha compared to the non-treated variant. The presented results brought a new knowledge for winter wheat management practice in dry conditions. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., cereal, weather, legume, farming system, drought Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 63-70 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/472/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/472/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201902-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:2:id:472-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pingping Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Huarui Ren Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Yiling Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Tiantian Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Chunli Zheng Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Tiancheng Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Civil Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln at Omaha Campus, Omaha, USA Title: Impact of vegetation zones on soil phosphorus distribution in Northwest China Abstract: Soil phosphorus (P) fraction distribution and correlation at different soil depths along vegetation succession in wetland next to a lake in the Hongjiannao National Nature Reserve, China were studied using the Hedley fraction method. The overall trend for soil P content was calcium-bound P (Ca-P) > organic P (O-P) > aluminum/iron-bound P (Al/Fe-P) > labile-P (L-P). Ca-P and O-P were the predominant P forms in all the soil layers, representing on average 53.8‒84.9% and 12.9‒45.2% of the total P, respectively, whereas L-P (ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg) was less than 1%. The soil in the Bassia dasyphylla and Carex duriuscula vegetation zones had the largest P contents. In these two vegetation zones, soil L-P was greatest in the surface soil layer; Al/Fe-P was most abundant in the deep layer; O-P was highest in the middle layer. Ca-P levels were generally similar across all soil layers. Regression analysis showed that distribution of P was highly correlated with organic carbon, total nitrogen and plant biomass. Results showed that the soils under Bassia dasyphylla and Carex duriuscula have considerable carbon input potentials, which would facilitate P mineralization as compared to other plants. Keywords: arid area, land cover, soil profile, phosphorus speciation, management practice Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 71-77 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/631/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/631/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201902-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:2:id:631-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ewa Szara Author-Name: Tomasz Sosulski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: Magdalena Szymańska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Title: Soil phosphorus sorption properties in different fertilization systems Abstract: The study aimed at the evaluation of the accumulation and vertical distribution of different forms of phosphorus (P) in reference to phosphorus sorption properties subject to mineral (NPK), mineral-organic (NPK + M), and organic (M) fertilisation. It was carried out in a long-term experimental field in Skierniewice (Central Poland) conducted since 1923 under rye monoculture. Total P content in the M and NPK soil profile was similar and lower than in the NPK + M soil. The content of organic P in Ap and Eet horizons of both manured soils was similar and higher than in the NPK soil. The Langmuir P sorption maximum (Smax) in the studied soils ranged from 39.7 to 90 mg P/kg, while the Freundlich P sorption coefficient aF ranged from 6.9 to 41.9 mg P/kg. Higher variability of parameters related to the binding energy from the Lanqmuir (k) and Freundlich (aF) equations was determined between soil horizons than between the fertilisation systems. Nonetheless, in M and NPK + M soils, sorption parameters aF and Smax and binding energy (k, bF) were considerably lower than in the NPK soil. The content of water extracted P in manured soils was higher than in the NPK soil. Keywords: macronutrient, Secale cereale L., vertical variability of phosphorus, static experiment, soil-phosphorus Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 78-82 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/696/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/696/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201902-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:2:id:696-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Haijun Sun Author-Workplace-Name: College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Huanchao Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Weiming Shi Author-Workplace-Name: School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, P.R. China Author-Name: Mengyi Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Advanced Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaofang Ma Author-Workplace-Name: Advanced Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China Title: Effect of biochar on nitrogen use efficiency, grain yield and amino acid content of wheat cultivated on saline soil Abstract: Biochar can potentially increase crop production in saline soils. However, the appropriate amount of biochar that should be applied to benefit from resource preservation and increase both grain yield (GY) and quality is not clear. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biochar applied at various rates (i.e., 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 t/ha) on the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), GY and amino acid (AA) contents of wheat plants in saline soils. The results showed that the application of 5-20 t/ha biochar increased wheat NUE by 5.2-37.9% and thus increased wheat GY by 2.9-19.4%. However, excessive biochar applications (more than 30 t/ha) had negative effects on both the NUE and GY of wheat. Biochar had little influence on leaf soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) values, the harvest index or yield components. The AAs were significantly affected by biochar, depending on the application rate. Among the application rates, 5-30 t/ha biochar resulted in relatively higher (by 5.2-19.1%) total AA contents. Similar trends were observed for each of the 17 essential AAs. In conclusion, the positive effects of biochar occurred when it was applied at appropriate rates, but the effects were negative when biochar was overused. Keywords: biochar application rate, biomass resource, food safety, plant nutrition, sustainable agriculture Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 83-89 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/525/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/525/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201902-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:2:id:525-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Helena Hniličková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: František Hnilička Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Matyáš Orsák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav Hejnák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of salt stress on growth, electrolyte leakage, Na+ and K+ content in selected plant species Abstract: This study monitors the effect of salt stress induced by a NaCl solution (0 - deionized water, 50, 100, 200, 300 mmol/L) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Orion), New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall) Kuntze) and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L. cv. Green Purslane) over the course of 50 days. The diverse reactions of these monitored species to salt stress are well apparent from the results. Lettuce proved as the most sensitive to salt stress, showing a significant reduction of dry weight, where even lower concentrations of salt affected membrane stability through increased electrolyte leakage value and an imbalance in the content of Na+ and K+, observed in the form of lower ratios of K+/Na+. In case of T. tetragonoides, lower salt concentrations positively affected growth and this species appears to particularly accumulate sodium. In case of P. oleracea no significant reduction of dry weight took place with the increasing concentration of NaCl and a naturally high content of potassium contributed to maintaining a favourable ratio of K+/Na+ even at higher salt concentrations, which is one of the prerequisites of salt-stress tolerance. Keywords: salt tolerance, salinity, toxicity, stress response, ion imbalance Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 90-96 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/620/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/620/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201902-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:2:id:620-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marek Kołodziejczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: Andrzej Oleksy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: Bogdan Kulig Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: Andrzej Lepiarczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology and Agricultural Ecology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Title: Early potato cultivation using synthetic and biodegradable covers Abstract: The cultivation of plants under the covers made of synthetic polymers brings many benefits, however, it is associated with the need to utilize or recycle these materials after the period of their use. Such problems are not caused by the covers made of natural polymers. The aim of the study carried out in the years 2013-2014 was to determine an effect of covers made of biopolymers and synthetic polymers on thermal conditions and potato yield. Field study was carried out under sandy loam and silty clay loam soils conditions. The temperature of silty clay loam soil under the covers was on average by 2.9°C higher than in the unprotected area, whereas sandy loam soil had the temperature higher by 2.5°C under biodegradable foil and by 2.7°C under standard foil. Temperature increase under non-woven fabrics was lower than under foils. The highest increase in marketable tuber yield after 40 days from emergence and in full maturity of potato plants was found after at application of standard non-woven fabric P17 (7.2 and 7.4 t/ha, respectively) and the lowest, i.e., 3.0 and 3.4 t/ha, respectively, under biodegradable foil. Cover type had no effect on the number of tubers formed on the first harvest date, whereas a significantly higher number of tubers was recorded in the full maturity of plants in the year characterized by a longer growing period of potato under non-woven P17 on sandy loam soil, and under biodegradable foil on silty clay loam soil conditions. A significant influence of cover on the average tuber weight on the first harvest date was found only on sandy loam soil under non-woven fabrics in 2013, as compared to full maturity of plants under biodegradable covers on sandy loam soil in 2013 and on silty clay loam soil under all covers in 2014. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L., tuber yield structure, soil temperature under covers, tuberous crop, polymeric materials Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 97-103 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/754/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/754/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201902-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:2:id:754-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xueqin Yang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Name: Mingxiang Xu Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Name: Yunge Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Name: Liqian Gao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Name: Shanshan Wang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Title: Moss-dominated biological soil crusts improve stability of soil organic carbon on the Loess Plateau, China Abstract: The succession of biological soil crust (biocrust) may alter soil organic carbon (SOC) stability by affecting SOC fractions in arid and semi-arid regions. In the study, the SOC fractions were measured including soil easily oxidizable carbon (SEOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), soil water soluble carbon (SWSC), and soil mineralizable carbon (SMC) at the Loess Plateau of China by using four biocrusts. The results show that SOC fractions in the biocrust layer were consistently higher than that in the subsoil layers. The average SOC content of moss crust was approximately 1.3-2.0 fold that of three other biocrusts. Moss crusts contain the lowest ratio of SEOC to SOC compared with other biocrusts. The ratio of SMC to SOC was the highest in light cyanobacteria biocrust and the lowest in moss crust, but no difference was observed in SMBC to SOC and SWSC to SOC in biocrust layers among four studied biocrusts. The results show that the moss crusts increase the accumulation of organic carbon into soil and reduce the ratio of SEOC to SOC and SMC to SOC. Together, these findings indicate that moss crusts increase the SOC stability and have important implications that SOC fractions and mineralization amount are good indicators for assessing the SOC stability. Keywords: biocrust type, soil layer, moss coverage, carbon fractions Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 104-109 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/473/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/473/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201902-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:2:id:473-2018-PSE