Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kidia K. Gelaye Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria Author-Workplace-Name: Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia Author-Name: Franz Zehetner Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: Willibald Loiskandl Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: Andreas Klik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria Title: Comparison of growth of annual crops used for salinity bioremediation in the semi-arid irrigation area Abstract: The decline of soil organic carbon (SOC) has aggravated salinity-related problems in semi-arid irrigation areas of the Awash river basin, Ethiopia. This study aimed at evaluating the performance of potential remediation crops on saline soil and their effectiveness for remediating soil salinity and improving pH, SOC, bulk density (BD) and hydraulic conductivity (HyCo). Rhodes grass (RHG), alfalfa (ALF), sudangrass (SUG) and blue panicgrass (Retz) (BPG) were grown in saline (3-13.9 dS/m) field plots. The crop biomass was incorporated into the soil immediately before flowering. The results show that at high soil salinity levels, BPG and SUG grew well, with the harvesting frequency of BPG being much higher than for SUG. Conversely, the growth of ALF and RHG was strongly inhibited by high soil salinity. Significant (P < 0.05) reduction of soil salinity levels (-3.2 dS/m) and related ionic concentrations, an increase of SOC (0.8% to 1.6%) and improvement of BD and HyCo were observed in BPG plots. The fast-growing nature of BPG in the hot climate of the experimental area resulted in harvests every three weeks and promoted the incorporation of high amounts of biomass to the soil and efficient soil salinity remediation. At moderately saline conditions, ALF also showed a great potential for salinity reclamation (-1.8 dS/m) and SOC accumulation. The cultivation of fast-growing annual crops proved an efficient and low-cost strategy for soil salinity mitigation and the reclamation of salinity-associated soil degradation in irrigation agriculture in Ethiopia. Keywords: salt tolerance, arid conditions, drought, land degradation, forage Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 165-171 Volume: 65 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/499/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/499/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201904-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:4:id:499-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wiera Sądej Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: Andrzej Cezary Żołnowski Title: Comparison of the effect of various long-term fertilization systems on the content and fractional composition of humic compounds in Lessive soil Abstract: A field experiment was established in 1972 on Luvisol. Three types of fertilizers - cattle manure (CM), cattle slurry (CS) and mineral fertilizers were used. CS was applied in the following doses: I - balanced with CM in terms of the amount of introduced total nitrogen and II - balanced with CM in terms of the amount of introduced total organic carbon (Ctot). 39 years after the experiment was established, half of each experimental plot was limed and since then the experiment was carried in two series - non-limed and limed soils. The paper presents the results of soil analyses 41 years after the experiment was started. It was found that each fertilization system increased the Ctot content in soil in relation to the unfertilized control plot. The increase of Ctot fluctuated between 0.35-6.22 g/kg of dry matter. In both series, the highest Ctot content was observed in the soil fertilized with CM and CM + PK. Limed compared to non-limed soil contained nearly 25% more carbon of humic acids than fulvic acids and nearly 20% lower content of low molecular humic bonds. Liming considerably widened the humic acids carbon:fulvic acids carbon (CHA:CFA) ratio of the fertilized soils, up to 1.32-1.87, while the corresponding objects of the non-limed series showed the CHA:CFA ratio between 0.75-0.97. Keywords: organic fertilizers, mineralization, absorbance, decomposition, macronutrient, soil organic matter Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 172-180 Volume: 65 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/777/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/777/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201904-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:4:id:777-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Akihiro Hamanaka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Author-Name: Takashi Sasaoka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Author-Name: Hideki Shimada Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Author-Name: Shinji Matsumoto Author-Workplace-Name: Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Title: Experimental study on soil erosion under different soil composition using rainfall simulator Abstract: Soil erosion is one of the major environmental problems in open-cut mines in tropical regions. It causes negative impacts including the removal of nutrient-rich topsoil, destroys aquatic habitat, dam and pond siltation, clogs river by deposition of sediment, and causes water pollution in the rehabilitation process. Soil texture is an important factor to affect soil erosion. In this study, artificial rainfall experiment in the laboratory scale was conducted to clarify the mechanism of soil erosion under the different soil composition and to discuss the methods for minimizing soil erosion. The obtained results showed that the soil seal generated due to the presence of fine particle under high rainfall intensity is the main contributor to accelerate the soil erosion. Additionally, the surface coverage by the cover crops is the most effective measure to reduce soil erosion because both the coarse and fine contents runoff can be minimized while arranging of the slope angle is effective for reducing the runoff of coarse contents and the soil compaction is effective to reduce that of fine contents. Soil erosion can be minimized by selecting prevention method considering the type of soil because the prevention effect on soil erosion is different depending on the type of soil. Keywords: soil degradation, precipitation, soil properties, ground slope, revegetation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 181-188 Volume: 65 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/68/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/68/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201904-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:4:id:68-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ye Yuan Author-Workplace-Name: Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaoqin Dai Author-Workplace-Name: Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Huimin Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Fertilization effects on CH4, N2O and CO2 fluxes from a subtropical double rice cropping system Abstract: A 2-year field study was conducted in a double rice cropping system in southern China to examine the effect of fertilization on CH4, N2O and CO2 fluxes using static opaque chambers and gas chromatographs. Two treatments were set up including conventional fertilization with a rate of 358 kg N/ha per year in forms of compound fertilizer and urea, and a control with no fertilizer application. The results indicated that fertilization did not have a significant effect on CH4 fluxes and led to a significantly higher cumulative N2O emission in the two years of observation period. Fertilization promoted CO2 fluxes by increasing the autotrophic respiration instead of heterotrophic respiration. By combining the global warming impact of CH4, N2O and CO2, it was found that fertilization increased the area-scaled but not the yield-scaled global warming impact. These results indicated that, according to the current amount of nitrogen applied, fertilization may increase the global warming effect of paddy fields in this region. However, the appropriate dose of nitrogen fertilizer application is still a reasonable agricultural management due to the comprehensive consideration of production and environmental impacts. Keywords: nitrogen addition, rice paddy, greenhouse gases, greenhouse gas intensity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 189-197 Volume: 65 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/453/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/453/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201904-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:4:id:453-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chunming Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Nutrients Recycling, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan, P.R. China Author-Name: Wantai Yu Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Nutrients Recycling, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Title: Maize production and field CO2 emission under different straw return rates in Northeast China Abstract: In order to understand and clarify the impacts of straw return on maize production and field CO2 emission in Northeast China, the most important agricultural base of the nation, a field experiment was conducted in 2012-2015, including no straw return (CK), straw amendment at 4000 kg/ha (S4), and at 8000 kg/ha (S8). The average grain yield was found significantly promoted by the two straw treatments, with comparably increased magnitudes of 11.0% and 12.8% for S4 and S8, respectively, and the benefits were gradually enlarged with increasing experimental duration. Although straw return tends to reduce slightly the harvest index, it was detected that it exerted significantly positive impacts on nitrogen harvest index. These results implied that added straw could lead to raising grain yield and enhancing nitrogen use efficiency simultaneously. In 2015, our monitoring showed that CO2 emission was elevated with intensified use of straw, and S4 and S8 decreased carbon emission efficiency by 7.3% and 13.6%, respectively. However, there was no statistical difference between S4 and CK. Overall, straw addition at the rate of 4000 kg/ha accompanied with inorganic fertilizer was recommended to be adopted in Northeast China, which was considered as a sustainable and relatively environment-friendly agricultural technique during maize production. Keywords: straw incorporation, CO2 efflux, field management, greenhouse gas, terrestrial ecosystem Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 198-204 Volume: 65 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/564/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/564/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201904-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:4:id:564-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Křen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Houšť Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ludvík Tvarůžek Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zdeněk Jergl Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Title: The effect of stand structure on the grain quality of spring barley Abstract: The results of 81 different crop management practices in spring barley grown in small-plot field trials on fertile soils in central Moravia were assessed during 2014-2016 with the aim to achieve the highest gross margin (GM - calculated as the difference between revenues and direct costs). GM was most affected by protein content in the grain below 12% corresponding to malting quality. Analyses identified greater determination level of non-linear relationships between stand structure elements and the content of nitrogen substances in the grain. This indicates that the probability of obtaining high quality malting barley is increased when a high level of sinks (number of grains/m2) corresponding to availability of sources, mainly water, is formed by optimal plant density (300-400/m2) and balanced combination of both structural elements of crop stand, i.e. - number of spikes per plant (2-4) and number of grains per spike (18-26). In case that the high level of sinks will be formed predominantly by one element, the risk of higher protein content in grain increases. This constitutes the requirement of early sowing and uniform, synchronized tillering and efficient use of nitrogen fertilizers. Keywords: Hordeum vulgare, uniformity of sinks, grain protein content, grain yield components, hierarchical grain yield formation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 205-210 Volume: 65 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/584/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/584/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201904-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:4:id:584-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Monika Tabak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: Andrzej Lepiarczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology and Agricultural Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: Barbara Filipek-Mazur Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: Paweł Bachara Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland Title: Ammonium nitrate enriched with sulfur influences wheat yield and soil properties Abstract: The effect of fertilization with a new fertilizer on Polish market, a mixture of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate (30% N, 6% S), was analysed in a three-year field experiment. The mixture commonly available on the market (26% N, 13% S) and ammonium nitrate, were used for comparison. Each fertilizer was applied in three doses: 150, 200 and 250 kg N/ha/year (simultaneously, 30, 40 and 50 kg S/ha were introduced with the mixtures). The highest mean (of the three years) grain yield (8.27 t/ha) was obtained after application of 200 kg N and 40 kg S/ha as the new fertilizer, with almost no significant effect of the type and dose of sulfur-containing fertilizers. Sulfur content in the grain was highest after the new fertilizer application; the content increased with increasing fertilizer dose. The highest mean protein (13.9-14.3%) and gluten (28.3-28.9%) content were recorded after application of 250 kg N/ha, and Zeleny sedimentation index (45.0-45.3 cm3) - after application of 250 kg N and 50 kg S/ha, regardless of the fertilizer. Sulfur intensified the acidifying effect of ammonium nitrate and increased the content of sulfates in the soil. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., macronutrient, sulfur deficiency, grain quality, nitrogen, mineral fertilizer Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 211-217 Volume: 65 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/44/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/44/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201904-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:4:id:44-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liang Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: Yan Meng Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Guoqing Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaoyu Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: Lan Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: Yuhai Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, P.R. China Title: Impact of maize growth on N2O emission from farmland soil Abstract: Crop growth is a key factor that effects nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in farmland soil. Clarification and quantification of the impact of maize growth on N2O emission are important to guide maize planting and patterns, which is also useful for building model to simulate N2O emission in an agroecosystem. In this study, we carried out a three-year (2013-2015) field experiment to evaluate the contribution of maize growth on N2O emission using a split-plot design. The factors included planting versus not planting maize, and four rates of nitrogen (N) application (0, 150, 300, 450 kg N/ha). Our results showed the impacts of maize growth on N2O emission decreased linearly with the growth of maize from the 43rd day after sowing (y = -1.07x + 26.85, R2 = 0.95). Nitrogen fertilizer application can reduce the impacts of maize growth on N2O emission. The impact of maize growth on soil NH4+-N and NO3--N are similar to N2O emission, and they have a strong correlation. We concluded that maize growth reduces soil N2O emission but N application can exert an antagonistic effect, and the impact of maize growth on soil NH4+-N and NO3--N largely determines the impacts of maize growth on N2O emission. Keywords: global warming, Zea mays L., nitrification, fertilization, greenhouse gas, nitrogen uptake, growth dynamic Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 218-224 Volume: 65 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/774/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/774/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201904-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:4:id:774-2018-PSE