Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yanghui Sui Author-Workplace-Name: Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Corn Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Jiping Gao Author-Workplace-Name: Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Quanyu Shang Author-Workplace-Name: Rice Research Department, Heihe Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Title: Characterization of nitrogen metabolism and photosynthesis in a stay-green rice cultivar Abstract: A field experiment was carried out in the years 2008-2011 in China to assess the nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics in stable-yielding stay-green rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Shennong196. The results showed that higher levels of nitrogen content, nitrate reductase activity, and glutamine synthetase activity occurred in leaves of cv. Shennong196 compared with cv. Toyonishiki (control). Leaf color of cv. Shennong196 was positively correlated with nitrogen levels and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde contents were 18.53 unit/g fresh weight and 3.32 nmol/g, respectively, which were lower in flag leaves of cv. Shennong196 than cv. Toyonishiki. Cv. Shennong196 had a higher level of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate in flag leaves of diurnal variation of photosynthesis at the ripening stage. The high net photosynthetic rate in cv. Shennong196 was positively correlated with the stomatal density of flag leaves (P < 0.01). Considering the yield-increasing potential and to prevent premature senescence of crop, these traits of cv. Shennong196 are useful for improved rice cultivar. Keywords: macronutrient, carotenoid, leaf senescence, stay-green plant, plant density, antioxidant enzyme Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 283-289 Volume: 65 Issue: 6 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/202/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/202/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201906-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:6:id:202-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aitazaz A. Farooque Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada Author-Name: Mahnaz Zare Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada Author-Name: Farhat Abbas Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada Author-Workplace-Name: Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: Qamar Zaman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Engineering, Agricultural Campus, Dalhousie University, Truro, Canada Author-Name: Melanie Bos Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada Author-Name: Travis Esau Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Engineering, Agricultural Campus, Dalhousie University, Truro, Canada Author-Name: Bishnu Acharya Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada Author-Name: Arnold W. Schumann Author-Workplace-Name: Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, USA Title: Evaluation of DualEM-II sensor for soil moisture content estimation in the potato fields of Atlantic Canada Abstract: The conventional gravimetric methods of estimating soil moisture content (θ) are laborious, time-consuming, and destructive to agricultural fields. We evaluated the performance of DualEM-II sensor in non-destructive way of θ prediction and for predicting θ variations within potato fields in Atlantic Canada. Values of θ were measured from four potato fields in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island using a pre-calibrated (R2 = 0.98) time domain reflectometry (TDR) from root zone of potato tubers under grid sampling arrangements. Horizontal co-planar (HCP) and perpendicular co-planar (PRP) readings were taken using DualEM-II sensor from the same locations of θ measurements. There was a better correlation between PRP and θ (r: 0.64-0.83) was calculated than between HCP and θ (r: 0.41-0.79). There was no significant difference (R2: 0.60-0.69; RMSE (root mean square error): 2.32-4.02) between the θ values measured with TDR (θM) and those predicted with DualEM-II (θP) confirming that the use of electromagnetic induction technique, evaluated during this study, is labor saving, quick, non-destructive, and accurate and can be considered a precision agriculture tool for efficiently managing soil water in potato fields. Keywords: irrigation management, monitoring water stress, precision farming, soil variability, tuberous crop Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 290-297 Volume: 65 Issue: 6 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/72/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/72/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201906-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:6:id:72-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anto Jelecevic Author-Workplace-Name: Universityof Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: Dietmar Horn Author-Workplace-Name: BGD Bodengesundheitsdienst GmbH, Ochsenfurt, Germany Author-Name: Herbert Eigner Author-Workplace-Name: AGRANA Research & Innovation Center GmbH, Tulln, Austria Author-Name: Manfred Sager Author-Workplace-Name: Bio Forschung Austria, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: Peter Liebhard Author-Workplace-Name: Universityof Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: Karl Moder Author-Workplace-Name: Universityof Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: Daniel Vollprecht Author-Workplace-Name: Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben, Austria Title: Kinetics of lead release from soils at historic mining and smelting sites, determined by a modified electro-ultrafiltration Abstract: Within a pilot study, after pedological and mineralogical characterization, various kinetic models were tested to fit lead (Pb)-mobilization kinetics from soils at historic mining and smelting sites. Pb mobilization was obtained by modified electro-ultrafiltration (EUF) after addition of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) at variable conditions of extraction. 10 fractions were sequentially produced, under mild conditions at 20°C/200 V (to simulate an initial release) for fractions 1-5, and subsequently harder conditions at 80°C/400 V (to simulate a long-term release) for fractions 6-10. The special samples treated within this work yielded higher extraction rates within the first runs. Closest fits in terms of the coefficient of determination (R2) were obtained from the 2nd order polynomial model y = a + bt + ct2, and in terms of re-calculated results by the parabolic equation y = a + b √t. The fitted constants obtained by the modified EUF method correlated better with soil pH than with organic carbon and clay contents. From this, it remains open, whether the dissolution of the Pb-minerals in the electric field or concentration resp. diffusion of the DTPA is rate-determining. Keywords: heavy metal, toxic element, metal mobility, contamination, soil testing Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 298-306 Volume: 65 Issue: 6 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/611/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/611/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201906-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:6:id:611-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jadwiga Wyszkowska Author-Name: Agata Borowik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: Jan Kucharski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Title: The resistance of Lolium perenne L. × hybridum, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, F. arundinacea, Phleum pratense and Dactylis glomerata to soil pollution by diesel oil and petroleum Abstract: Resistance of common European grasses to diesel oil and petroleum pollution is not well-known. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the level of resistance of selected grasses to pollution by diesel and petroleum using the pot experiment. The achieved results were compared with those determined for grasses grown on the non-polluted soil. Soil pollution with the tested products was found to significantly decrease the yield of all grasses, with the decrease being lower upon soil pollution with petroleum than with diesel oil. The most resistant to the pollution with diesel oil and petroleum were Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L. and Lolium × hybridum Hausskn. The degradation of particular groups of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) depended on their chemical properties, on the type of pollutant and grass species. The greatest degradation was determined in the case of BTEX, C6-C12 benzines as well as 2- and 3-ring hydrocarbons, whereas the lowest in the case of 5-and 6-ring hydrocarbons and C12-C25 oils. The most useful species in the remediation of soils polluted with diesel oil and petroleum turned out to be: Lolium perenne L., Lolium × hybridum Hausskn and Phleum pratense L., whereas the least useful appeared to be: Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata L. and Poa pratensis L. Keywords: grasses species, phytoremediation, contamination, Poaceae, liquid fuel Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 307-312 Volume: 65 Issue: 6 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/42/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/42/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201906-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:6:id:42-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tatiana N. Arkhipova Author-Workplace-Name: Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federation Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia Author-Name: Nailya F. Galimsyanova Author-Workplace-Name: Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federation Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia Author-Name: Ludmila Yu Kuzmina Author-Workplace-Name: Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federation Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia Author-Name: Lidiya B. Vysotskaya Author-Workplace-Name: Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federation Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia Author-Name: Ludmila V. Sidorova Author-Workplace-Name: Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federation Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia Author-Name: Ilusa M. Gabbasova Author-Workplace-Name: Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federation Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia Author-Name: Alexander I. Melentiev Author-Workplace-Name: Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federation Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia Author-Name: Guzel R. Kudoyarova Title: Effect of seed bacterization with plant growth-promoting bacteria on wheat productivity and phosphorus mobility in the rhizosphere Abstract: Bacterization of the seeds of spring durum wheat with the strains of gram-positive aerobic spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis IB-21 and B. subtilis IB-22 and gram-negative bacteria Advenella kashmirensis IB-К1and Pseudomonas extremaustralis IB-К13-1А was performed to study its effect on the productivity of plants, their hormonal content and rhizosphere phosphorus (P) status in the field experiments. A. kashmirensis IB-К1 andP. extremaustralis IB-К13-1А were the most capable of mobilizing hardly soluble phosphates in vitro, while P. extremaustralis IB-К13-1А produced the greatest concentration of auxins. All the studied strains successfully colonized the plant root system, the level of colonization detected during the second leaf stage being the highest in the case of A. kashmirensis IB-К1 and B. subtilis IB-22. Seed treatment with all the tested bacterial species resulted in an increase in phosphate mobility in the rhizosphere. Auxin content in wheat roots was increased by bacterization of seeds with P. extremaustralis IB-К13-1 and B. subtilis IB-22. The maximum increase in components of wheat crop yield (the mass of grains in the main and axillary spikes) was detected during 3 vegetative periods (2016, 2017 and 2018) in the case of seed treatment with the strains inducing a significant increase in auxin content in the roots of the treated plants related to either the highest bacterial capacity of producing this hormone in vitro (in the case of P. extremaustralis IB-К13-1А) or root colonization (in the case of B. subtilis IB-22). Keywords: spring wheat, plant hormones, phosphate-mobilizing bacteria, soil phosphate mobility Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 313-319 Volume: 65 Issue: 6 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/752/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/752/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201906-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:6:id:752-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriela Kurešová Author-Name: Ladislav Menšík Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Division of Crop Management Systems, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Haberle Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Division of Crop Management Systems, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Svoboda Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Division of Crop Management Systems, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ivana Raimanová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Division of Crop Management Systems, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Influence of foliar micronutrients fertilization on nutritional status of apple trees Abstract: The effect of leaf-applied fertilizers on nutritional status and yields of apple cv. Rubinola grown on two soil types (Luvisol, Cambisol) differing in yield levels was studied in a three-year experiment at the orchard in Vanovice, Czech Republic. Two fertilizers, A (containing N, Mg, Ca, B and Zn) and B (N, B, Zn, Mn and Fe) were applied after blooming, leaves and fruit were analyzed. Zn and B concentrations increased significantly in leaves and fruit in both soils after the application of solution A compared to the control. Foliar fertilizer B increased the concentration of Zn and Mn significantly both in leaves and fruit compared to the control. The content of Mn in dry leaf matter increased almost 4 times (from the control level about 30 mg/kg), of B up to 1.5 times (from 28 mg/kg) and the content of Zn even more than 10 times (from 15 mg/kg). The application of foliar fertilizers was more efficient in the Cambisol orchard section with worse soil conditions; however, the enhanced nutritional status did not significantly increase fruit yields in either of the experimental soil types. Keywords: Malus domestica (Borkh.), nutrient deficiency, foliar analysis, foliar nutrition, multicriterial evaluation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 320-327 Volume: 65 Issue: 6 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/196/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/196/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201906-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:6:id:196-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Feng Qu Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: KeyLaboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Name: Jingjing Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: KeyLaboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Name: Jiwen Xu Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: KeyLaboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Name: Tao Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: KeyLaboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaohui Hu Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: KeyLaboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Title: Drip irrigation and fertilization improve yield, uptake of nitrogen, and water-nitrogen use efficiency in cucumbers grown in substrate bags Abstract: This study was conducted to identify ideal irrigation and fertigation levels for maximum yields and profitability of cucumber grown in a substrate-bag cultivation system. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete-block design, with combinations of four drip irrigation rates (75, 100, 125, or 150% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and three fertilization (F) levels (60, 100, or 125% of one dose of Yamazaki nutrient solution formula). The 'irrigation level × fertilization level' interaction significantly affected cucumber yield and nitrogen accumulation. The treatment combination of 125% ETc and 100% F promoted yield relatively best. Plants were grown in the 125% ETc and 125% F treatment combination accumulated the most nitrogen. The greatest nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was observed in the 100% ETc plus 60% F treatment combination. Water use efficiency (WUE) decreased with increasing irrigation rate, and considering just one fertilization level. Through the multivariate regression analysis and the spatial analysis methods to evaluate yield, WUE, and NUE, we conclude that the combination of 13.54-23.78 g/plantand 37.71-52.59 L/plant were the best strategy of fertigation and irrigation for the production of drip-irrigated cultivated cucumber grown in substrate bags in spring. Keywords: Cucumis sativus L., vegetable management, crop nutrition, soilless culture, controlled environment agriculture Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 328-335 Volume: 65 Issue: 6 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/186/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/186/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201906-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:6:id:186-2019-PSE