Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bogdan Kulig Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: Edward Gacek Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Cultivar Testing, Slupia Wielka, Poland Author-Name: Roman Wojciechowski Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Cultivar Testing, Slupia Wielka, Poland Author-Name: Andrzej Oleksy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: Marek Kołodziejczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: Wojciech Szewczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Title: Biomass yield and energy efficiency of willow depending on cultivar, harvesting frequency and planting density Abstract: The study aimed at comparing the yield of dry biomass and energy efficiency of 22 willow cultivars depending on the harvesting frequency and variable plant density. The field experiment was established in 2010. The willow cultivars were planted in two densities; 13 300 and 32 500 plants per ha. Among the compared cultivars in the second year (2013) of full production, high yield of dry matter was obtained from cvs. Tordis (33.1 t/ha/year), Inger (30.4 t/ha/year) and Klara (29.0 t/ha/year). After six years of cultivation, the highest aboveground dry matter was given by cvs. Tora (27.4 t/ha/year) and Tordis (27.0 t/ha/year). The gross calorific value of willow biomass ranged from 15.2-20.1 GJ/t dry weight. Greater energy efficiency (329.3 GJ/ha/year) occurred in willow cultivars collected in a two-year cycle than in the one-year cycle (286.4 GJ/ha/year). In the two-year cycle collected in the third year after planting, energy efficiency was greater (379.5 GJ/ha/year) than in the two-year cycle harvested in the sixth year after planting (279.15 GJ/ha/year). The initial slower growth of biomass does not determine plant yielding. Keywords: willow biomass production, Salix spp., energy crop, harvest rotation, renewable energy source Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 377-386 Volume: 65 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/594/2018-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/594/2018-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201908-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:8:id:594-2018-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miroslav Jursík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Kočárek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marie Suchanová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michaela Kolářová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslav Šuk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of irrigation and adjuvant on residual activity of pendimethalin and metazachlor in kohlrabi and soil Abstract: Metazachlor and pendimethalin are the most used herbicides in kohlrabi. The main objectives of the present study were to evaluate the residual activity of herbicides pendimethalin and metazachlor in kohlrabi and soil under different irrigation regimes and to evaluate the effect of soil adjuvants on the residual activity of tested herbicides. Pendimethalin dissipation half-life (17.3-38.3 days) was higher than metazachlor dissipation half-life (12.1-16.8 days). The pendimethalin half-life was not affected by an adjuvant, irrigation, and an experimental year. Pendimethalin mobility in the soil was affected more by natural precipitation than by irrigation. The use of adjuvant did not affect pendimethalin leaching in dry weather conditions. In wetter natural conditions, a higher pendimetha-lin leaching was found at early-irrigated plots treated by an adjuvant (9.39% of the applied dose was detected in the soil layer 5-10 cm). Metazachlor dissipation half-life was not affected both by an adjuvant and by irrigation. In the soil layer 5-10 cm, metazachlor was detected only in 2016 on intensively irrigated plots without the use of adjuvant (0.072 µg/g). A concentration of pendimethalin in kohlrabi tubers ranged between 2 and 7 µg/kg. The highest concentration of pendimethalin was detected in tubers, which were intensively irrigated shortly after the application of herbicides without an adjuvant, especially when natural precipitation was high. Metazachlor was not detected in any of the tested kohlrabi samples. Keywords: post-emergence herbicide application, low residual production, herbicide persistence and leaching Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 387-394 Volume: 65 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/171/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/171/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201908-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:8:id:171-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jie Cheng Author-Workplace-Name: Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Jichang Han Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Jiancang Xie Author-Workplace-Name: Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Huanyuan Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Zenghui Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Yichun Du Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Yingying Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, P.R. China Title: The long-term performance of composited soil with feldspathic sandstone amendment on sandy soil and its effects on corn yield Abstract: To estimate the long-term performance and the optimal ratio of feldspathic sandstone with sandy soil, experiments with different ratios of feldspathic sandstone to sandy soil (0:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:5 v/v) was conducted. The physical properties as soil texture, water-stable aggregate (WR0.25) content, and the organic carbon content of the composited soil for 6 years, and corn yield for 9 years were determined. Our results showed that after the addition of feldspathic sandstone: (1) soil texture was notably improved, changing from sand loamy soil (1:2 and 1:5) to sand loam soil (1:1) and silt sand soil (1:1) over planting time; (2) content of water-stable aggregate (WR0.25) significantly increased: WR0.25 of treatments 1:1, 1:2 and 1:5 all increased (by 29.26, 31.47 and 11.56%, respectively) compared with that of treatment 0:1; (3) the organic carbon content of the composited soils increased with time in all treatments. After six years of planting, average organic carbon content in treatments 1:1, 1:2 and 1:5 were 1.64, 1.51 and 1.77 g/kg, respectively, which were higher than that of 0:1 treatment; and (4) among the three ratios, treatment 1:2 (12 984 kg/ha) had the highest corn yield, followed by treatment 1:1 (12 040 kg/ha) and 1:5 (11 301 kg/ha). In conclusion, with a good performance, 1:2 was the best ratio of feldspathic sandstone to sand in improving the sandy soil structure of the Mu Us Desert, China. Keywords: Zea mays L., arable land, sand texture, sand-fixing effect, tillage, organic fertilizer Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 395-400 Volume: 65 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/282/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/282/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201908-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:8:id:282-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Qian Li Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Chen Xu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Caixia Yin Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Lili Kong Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Yubo Qin Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Yunpeng Hou Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Hongjun Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Lanpo Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Title: Evaluation of fertigation technique for phosphorus application of maize in the semi-arid region of Northeast China Abstract: To determine the best phosphorus (P) fertilizer management strategy in chernozem soil in the semi-arid region of Northeast China, a field experiment under film mulched drip irrigation was conducted for two consecutive years. Five P application methods were tested, including no P fertilizer applied (P0); P fertilizer one-time basal application (P1); one fertigation one time (P2); fertigation twice (P3) and fertigation four times (P4). The shoot dry matter weight, phosphorus accumulation, yield and POlsen in soil were measured regularly during the maize growing season. The results demonstrated that P fertilizer application methods imposed significant effects on dry shoot matter, the apparent P loss, P fertilizer use efficiency and yield of maize (P < 0.05). The yield, P agrinomic efficiency and P recovery efficiency of P4 treatment were significantly higher than P1 treatment by 4.2, 39.7, and 66.4% across two year. In addition, P4 treatment significantly enhanced the shoot dry matter weight after V12 stage, post-silking P uptake and reduced the apparent P loss. In conclusion, P fertigation and a rational frequency (e.g., fertigation four times) enable to keep the maximum grain yield, the shoot dry matter, and recovery efficiency of P fertilizer (66.4%) though changing agronomic methods for efficient acquisition of P toward a sustainable and productive agricultural fertigation system. Keywords: phosphorus management, fertigation frequency, maize production, soil P balance, irrigated agriculture Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 401-407 Volume: 65 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/287/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/287/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201908-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:8:id:287-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaozhu Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Forest and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Xuelian Bao Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Forest and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yali Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Forest and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Yue Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Forest and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Chao Liang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Forest and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Hongtu Xie Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Forest and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Title: Comparison of soil phosphorus and phosphatase activity under long-term no-tillage and maize residue management Abstract: The migration and transformation of soil phosphorus (P) are essential for agricultural productivity and environmental security but have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. A 10-year field study was conducted to explore the effects of conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage with maize residue management (NT-0, NT-33%, NT-67% and NT-100%) on P contents and phosphatase activities in soil layers (0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm). The results showed that soil available P content and phosphatase activities were higher in no-tillage with maize residue than CT. Soil moisture and pH were significantly positively correlated with soil available P. Higher organic P contents and lower inorganic P contents in the 0-5 cm soil layer were found in the treatment NT-67% compared with other treatments. According to the structure equation model, the source of available P was inorganic P in NT-33%, while organic P in NT-67%. This study demonstrated that the variation of dominant mechanisms involved in soil P migration and transformation were dependent on residue input amounts, and NT-67% might play an important role in the maintenance and transformation of soil organic P. Keywords: P cycle, nutrient, soil fertility, sustainable development, agriculture Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 408-415 Volume: 65 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/307/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/307/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201908-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:8:id:307-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Małgorzata Jagła Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Piotr Szulc Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Katarzyna Ambroży-Deręgowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Iwona Mejza Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Joanna Kobus-Cisowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Gastronomical Sciences and Functional Foods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: Yielding of two types of maize cultivars in relation to selected agrotechnical factors Abstract: The study presents the results of field experiments, the aim of which was to assess the yield of maize cultivars with different genetic profiles depending on the method of soil preparation for sowing and the method of NP fertilizer application. The yield and water content in the grain were significantly dependent on changing weather conditions in the growing seasons. Sowing maize into the soil cultivated traditionally (autumn ploughing), stay-green type cultivars and row fertilization positively influenced maize yielding. The stay-green cultivar yielded at a higher level compared to the fast maturing cultivar, the difference being significant in the year characterized by unfavourable distribution (deficit) of precipitation in the growing season. The stay-green cultivar reacted favourably to the localized application of NP fertilizer, the clear result of which was the increase in grain yield. Direct maize sowing significantly reduced the number of production ears per surface area unit and the number of grains on the ear. Selection of the stay-green cultivar and row fertilization with NP fertilizer improved this condition. Keywords: Zea mays L., climatic condition, sowing method, maize Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 416-423 Volume: 65 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/264/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/264/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201908-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:8:id:264-2019-PSE