Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Pisarčik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef Hakl Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ladislav Menšík Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Research Station of Grassland Ecosystems in Jevíčko, Jevíčko, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ondřej Szábo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Nerušil Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Research Station of Grassland Ecosystems in Jevíčko, Jevíčko, Czech Republic Title: Biological control in lucerne crops can negatively affect the development of root morphology, forage yield and quality Abstract: Root diseases of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) play a significant role in reducing the persistence and productivity of stands; however, the potential of using biological control in lucerne crops has not yet been investigated. Our objectives were to determine the effect of biological crop protection on (i) lucerne plant density and root traits development and (ii) lucerne forage yield and nutritive value in a two-year field experiment. The lucerne stand was managed under three treatments of disease control: an untreated control and spraying with either Albit (hydrolysate of microorganisms containing microelements and poly-beta-hydroxy butyric acid) or Polyversum (mycoparasitic Pythium oligandrum) under five-cut utilization. Application of Albit resulted in a negative yield response, associated with a reduction of root branching, and it also reduced crude protein and increased crude fibre and water-soluble carbohydrates in the second cut of the first year of the experiment. Polyversum increased the percentage of infected plants relative to the control in the last year of the experiment. The study highlights that biological control of lucerne under field conditions may not always be beneficial because of the complex interactions between plant, biological preparation, and environment. Keywords: Fabaceae, alfalfa, root disease, antifungal agent, fungicide Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 477-482 Volume: 65 Issue: 10 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/398/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/398/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201910-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:10:id:398-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Taotao Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yanhua Zeng Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yanni Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Jun Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Xueming Tan Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yongjun Zeng Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Shan Huang Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaohua Pan Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Title: Experimental warming reduces fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency in a double rice cropping system Abstract: Climate warming significantly affects nitrogen (N) cycling, while its effects on the use efficiency of fertilizer N are still unclear in agroecosystems. In the present study, we examined for the first time the response of fertilizer N use efficiency to experimental warming using 15N labeling with a free-air temperature increase facility (infrared heaters) in a double rice cropping system. 15N-urea was applied in micro-plots to trace the uptake and loss of fertilizer N. Results showed that moderate warming (i.e. an increase of 1.4°C and 2.1°C in canopy temperature for early and late rice, respectively) did not significantly affect grain yield and biomass. Warming significantly reduced N uptake from fertilizer for both early and late rice, while increased N uptake from soil. The N recovery rate of fertilizer was reduced from 35.5% in the control and to 32.3% in the warming treatments for early rice and from 47.2% to 43.1% for late rice, respectively. Warming did not affect fertilizer N loss rate in the early rice season, whereas significantly increased it from 38.9% in the control and to 42.7% in the warming treatments in the late rice season, respectively. Therefore, we suggest that climate warming may reduce fertilizer N use efficiency and increase N losses to the environment in the rice paddy. Keywords: Oryza sativa L., climate change, macronutrient, mineral fertilization, nitrogen isotope Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 483-489 Volume: 65 Issue: 10 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/315/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/315/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201910-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:10:id:315-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Witold Grzebisz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Katarzyna Przygocka-Cyna Author-Name: Witold Szczepaniak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Agnieszka Zawieja Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: Impact of winter oilseed rape nutritional status during vegetative growth on yield Abstract: The nutritional status of winter oilseed rape (WOSR) during its vegetative period is crucial for plant growth and can be used for the seed yield prediction. This hypothesis was verified based on the data from long-term field experiments. The experiment consisted of four potassium (K) treatments based on the progressive K supply potential to plants from soil and fertilizer and two magnesium treatments (-Mg, +Mg) conducted in 2013-2015. The content of nutrients (Ntot, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) was determined at the rosette stage (BBCH 30) for leaves and separately for leaves and stems in the late stage of inflorescence growth (BBCH 57-59). The low K content appeared as the key limiting nutrient in WOSR plants in the rosette stage due to the insufficient soil fertility level, depended even more on weather conditions. This negative K nutritional trait persisted through the whole vegetative WOSR growth. Its detection was possible, because stems were included in the diagnostic procedure. The most reliable prognosis of WOSR yield was conducted based on the nutritional status of stems in the late stage of the inflorescence development. Keywords: Brassica napus L., macronutrient, fertilization, drought, potassium deficiency Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 490-496 Volume: 65 Issue: 10 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/512/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/512/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201910-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:10:id:512-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kaikuo Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Ping Gong Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: National Engineering Laboratory for Soil Nutrient Management, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Lili Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: National Engineering Laboratory for Soil Nutrient Management, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhijie Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: National Engineering Laboratory for Soil Nutrient Management, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Xueshi Xie Author-Workplace-Name: Stanley Agriculture Group Co., Ltd., Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: Hengzhe Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Stanley Agriculture Group Co., Ltd., Shandong, P.R. China Author-Name: Wentao Li Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Yuchao Song Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: National Engineering Laboratory for Soil Nutrient Management, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Dongpo Li Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: National Engineering Laboratory for Soil Nutrient Management, Shenyang, P.R. China Title: Yield-scaled N2O and CH4 emissions as affected by combined application of stabilized nitrogen fertilizer and pig manure in rice fields Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of stabilized nitrogen fertilizer combined with pig manure on rice yield and nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions. Four treatments were established: urea (U); pig manure (PM); PM and urea (PM + U); PM and stabilized nitrogen fertilizer (urea plus 1% NBPT (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide), 1% PPD (phenylphosphorodiamidate) and 2% DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate)) (PM + U + I). In this study, compared with PM, PM + U significantly increased cumulative N2O emission, but PM + U + I showed no significant difference from PM on N2O cumulative emission, indicating that stabilized nitrogen fertilizer combined with PM is effective at reducing N2O emissions. The cumulative emission of CH4 from PM + U + I treatment was significantly lower than that from PM and PM + U, indicating that stabilized nitrogen fertilizer combined with PM can effectively reduce CH4 emissions as well. The yields of PM + U and PM + U + I were not significantly different from those of U and PM, indicating that local conventional nitrogen application and returns of PM can provide sufficient nitrogen for rice growth. For yield-scaled emissions (YSE), PM was the highest, while PM + U + I significantly decreased YSE. Concomitant application of stabilized nitrogen fertilizer can achieve the goal of reducing YSE when PM is returned to the field. Keywords: global warming potential, static chamber method, Oryza sativa L., nitrification Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 497-502 Volume: 65 Issue: 10 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/286/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/286/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201910-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:10:id:286-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nadia Gharechaei Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: Farzad Paknejad Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: Amir Hossein Shirani Rad Author-Workplace-Name: Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Author-Name: Ghasem Tohidloo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: Hamid Jabbari Author-Workplace-Name: Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Title: Change in oil fatty acids composition of winter oilseed rape genotypes under drought stress and different temperature regimes Abstract: To assess the response of winter oilseed rape promising line genotypes to late-season drought stress in delayed cultivation conditions and select the superior genotypes, an experiment was conducted for two years (2015-16 and 2016-17) in Iran (Karaj). In this experiment, the sowing date was specified in two levels including timely cultivation (October 7) and delayed cultivation (October 27) and irrigation factor including normal irrigation and irrigation interruption from podding stage as factorial in main plots and four winter oilseed rape genotypes (L1030, L1204, L1110, and L1114) and a commercial cultivar (Okapi) were categorized in subplots. Applying drought stress after the podding stage declined the seed yield and seed oil yield, and the highest and lowest mean of these traits were observed in the L1204 and L1114 genotypes, respectively. The interaction effect of the sowing date × genotype on all the studied traits was significant. With the standard erucic acid, the genotype L1204 in both normal and delayed sowing dates had the highest seed yield of 5118 and 3015 kg/ha. Besides, with high oleic acid with a mean of 63.65% and the minimum amount of glucosinolate of seed with a mean of 21.55 μmol/g, this genotype is recommended in delayed cultivation conditions. Keywords: Brassica napus L., growing season, oil quality, semi-arid environment, water stress Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 503-507 Volume: 65 Issue: 10 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/519/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/519/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201910-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:10:id:519-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chunkui Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center of Micro-elements, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Author-Name: Chengxiao Hu Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center of Micro-elements, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Name: Qiling Tan Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center of Micro-elements, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Name: Xuecheng Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center of Micro-elements, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Name: Songwei Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center of Micro-elements, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaohu Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center of Micro-elements, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China Title: Co-application of molybdenum and zinc increases grain yield and photosynthetic efficiency of wheat leaves Abstract: The effects of the co-application of molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn) on winter wheat grain yield, leaf photosynthetic efficiency, and antioxidant activity were investigated using pot culture experiments with sandy soil. Four treatments were investigated, including a control (CK), 0.15 mg Mo/kg soil (Mo), 1 mg Zn/kg soil (Zn), and 0.15 mg Mo/kg + 1 mg Zn/kg soil (Mo + Zn). The results showed that the soil application of Mo and Mo + Zn increased the winter wheat grain yield, spike number, and thousand kernel weight, coupled with significant enhancement in nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a + b contents, as well as the photosynthetic rate of the leaves, which were also positively correlated with grain yield. Furthermore, the co-utilization of Zn and Mo + Zn significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in the leaves. The overall results indicate that the co-application of Mo and Zn can increase winter wheat grain yield by improving the leaf photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant ability. Keywords: photosynthetic pigments and parameters, Triticum aestivum L., antioxidant enzyme, soluble sugar Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 508-515 Volume: 65 Issue: 10 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/508/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/508/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201910-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:10:id:508-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhiyu Zuo Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education/ High-tech Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment and Intelligence of Jiangsu Province, School of Agricultural Equipment and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Junhong Guo Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Caiyun Xin Author-Workplace-Name: Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, P.R. China Author-Name: Shengqun Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Hanping Mao Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education/ High-tech Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment and Intelligence of Jiangsu Province, School of Agricultural Equipment and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yongjun Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences/ State Engineering Laboratory of Maize, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiangnan Li Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Title: Salt acclimation induced salt tolerance in wild-type and abscisic acid-deficient mutant barley Abstract: Salt acclimation is a process to enhance salt tolerance in plants. The salt acclimation induced salt tolerance was investigated in a spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Steptoe (wild type, WT) and its abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutant Az34. Endogenesis ABA concentration in leaf was significantly increased by salt stress in WT, while it was not affected in Az34. Under salt stress, the salt acclimated Az34 plants had 14.8% lower total soluble sugar concentration and 93.7% higher sodium (Na) concentration in leaf, compared with salt acclimated WT plants. The acclimated plants had significantly higher leaf water potential and osmotic potential than non-acclimated plants in both WT and Az34 under salt stress. The salt acclimation enhanced the net photosynthetic rate (by 22.9% and 12.3%) and the maximum quantum yield of PS II (22.7% and 22.0%) in WT and Az34 under salt stress. However, the stomatal conductance in salt acclimated Az34 plants was 28.9% lower than WT under salt stress. Besides, the guard cell pair width was significantly higher in salt acclimated Az34 plants than that in WT plants. The results indicated that the salt acclimated WT plants showed a higher salt tolerance than Az34 plants, suggesting that ABA deficiency has a negative effect on the salt acclimation induced salt tolerance in barley. Keywords: water relation, phytohormone, ion toxicity, salinization, chlorophyll a fluorescence Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 516-521 Volume: 65 Issue: 10 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/506/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/506/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201910-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:10:id:506-2019-PSE